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We retrieved data from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) and adopted the hierarchical linear model as well as the quantile regression method to examine the effect of education groups on the quality of urban and rural compulsory education. Student cognitive ability was cited as the evaluation index of education quality. According to the research findings, the overall effect of education groups on the quality of compulsory education is significantly positive, but there is urban-rural heterogeneity in this effect: the positive impact occurs only to urban member schools, while the education quality of rural member schools has not been improved by school grouping. In addition, there exists individual difference in this effect; school grouping significantly and negatively affects students from rural member schools and with medium and lower cognitive ability.

Soil texture affects rice nutrient uptake and yield formation by influencing soil structure, microbial activity, and soil nutrient supply capacity. Analyzing the relationship between soil texture, nutrient content, and rice agronomic traits is of great significance for precise and efficient fertilizer application. The tillage layer (0–20 cm) of 31 paddy fields in China's main rice-producing areas was collected to perform rice pot experiments, and soil texture characteristics, physicochemical properties, microbial-related indicators, and rice agronomic traits were measured and analyzed. The results showed that these soils could be classified into four types of soil texture: loamy sandy soil, sandy loam soil, silty loam soil, and silty soil. Analysis of variance showed that the available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) contents were the highest in silty loam, silty, and sandy loam soils, respectively, and silt loamy soil had the highest CEC. Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed that soil physicochemical properties can be distinguished to a certain extent according to soil texture types. For the relationship of soil texture parameters and soil physicochemical properties, soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), AN, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and microbial carbon (MBC) contents were positively correlated with soil clay content, AK was positively correlated with silt content, and soil phosphorus status was significantly related to pH. Mantel's test revealed significant correlations between rice N, P, and K nutrient status, dry matter accumulation, and yield, and soil available nutrient content, MBC, pH, and soil texture parameters. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that sand affected soil available nutrients by regulating pH, while clay can positively influence soil available nutrients by affecting soil organic matter mineralization and microbial activity, thus influencing nutrient absorption and yield formation in rice. Overall, in rice production, the silty and silty loam paddy soil with fine texture and higher clay content facilitates the mineralization of soil organic matter and the activity of soil microbes, resulting in more available soil nutrients, which benefits the rice absorption and accumulation of nutrients. Furthermore, a higher content of clay also promotes the distribution of dry matter to the panicle, thereby promoting rice yield formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) is one of the excellent cashmere goat breeds in China. Because of its larger size, better cashmere, and better cashmere production performance, people pay special attention to it. This article mainly studied the relationship between SNP loci of LIPE gene and ITGB4 gene and milk production, cashmere production and body measurement traits of LCGs. We further identified potential SNP loci by PCR-Seq polymorphism detection and gene sequence comparison of LIPE and ITGB4 genes. Further, we use SPSS and SHEsis software to analyze their relationship to production performance. The consequence indicated that CC genotype of LIPE gene T16409C locus was dominant genotype in milk production and cashmere production, while CT genotype of LIPE gene T16409C locus was dominant in body size. The CT genotype of C168T locus of ITGB4 gene is the dominant genotype of body type and cashmere production, while the dominant genotype of milk production is TT genotype. Through joint analysis, in haploid combinations, H1H2:CCCT is the dominant haplotype combination in cashmere fineness. H3H4:TTCT is a dominant haplotype combination of milk production traits and body measurement traits. These dominant genotypes can provide a reliable basis for the study of production performance of LCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by Tianshan uplift, the southern Junggar Basin has experienced multi-stage tectonic movements and formed many large-scale anticlines with zonal distribution. The key to hydrocarbon exploration is to accurately implement anticline traps. This paper is guided by the fault-related folds theory to tectonically interpret several seismic profiles in the southern Junggar Basin and then summarize the anticline types and their hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. This paper showed that the southern Junggar Basin has a tectonic assemblage pattern of "multi-detachment layers and multi-phase superposition". According to the superimposed shape of the anticlines, they could be divided into overthrust anticlines, compound anticlines and multiple superimposed anticlines, and the horizontal and vertical positions of the different types of anticlines are different. The hydrocarbon accumulating characteristics of the different types of anticlines are shown to be different. The highs of the overthrust anticlines and compound anticlines are stable, and the degree of exploration is relatively high. Although the degree of exploration of multiple overlapping anticlines is low, multiple layers can be exploited simultaneously in the process of oil development, with great hydrocarbon potential. The characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the southern Junggar Basin are discussed in order to provide guidance for efficient hydrocarbon exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism and transportation generally have an inseparable association. However, there are still many limitations in the existing research on it. For example, most scholars only adopt one single model method, which fails to consider geospatial elements. Moreover, some researchers simply use socioeconomic data for analysis and research and ignore the solid spatial characteristics between tourism and transportation, which leads to deviations in the results. To solve these problems, this article proposed a spatiotemporal association model by comprehensively using coupling coordination degree, gravity center model, and spatial coincidence degree. Based on the tourism economic and attraction spatial data, and the transportation and its network spatial data, the association between tourism and transportation can be revealed by the proposed model. This study conducted a quantitative analysis on the tourism and transportation industry in Jiangxi Province, China, from 2005 to 2019, and the results show that: (1) the coupling coordination degree of tourism and transportation increases year by year; (2) the change in gravity center of tourism and transportation is subtle. The mean value of spatial overlap is 80.33 km, while the mean value of inter-annual variation consistency is 0.56; (3) the spatial coincidence degree of tourism and transportation in Jiangxi Province indicates a steady upward trend and reaches 0.78 in 2019; and (4) based on the evolution trend in the coupling coordination degree, gravity center coupling model, and spatial coincidence degree of tourism and transportation, it can be seen that the slopes of their trend functions are similar and consistent—the slopes are 0.0239, 0.0253, and 0.0319, respectively—and the standard deviation of the slopes of the three is only 0.000018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To establish a typing scheme for IncFIB replicon and to dissect genomic features of IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids. Methods: A total of 146 representative fully sequenced IncFIB-replicon-containing plasmids were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree of repBIncFIB sequences. A collection of nine IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from China were fully sequenced here and compared with the first sequenced IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from GenBank to dissect their genomic diversity. Results: In this study, a repB sequence-based scheme was proposed for grouping IncFIB replicon into seven primary types and further into 70 subtypes. A collection of nine IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids were fully sequenced here and compared with the first sequenced IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from GenBank. These 11 plasmids had small backbones and shared only three key backbone markers repB together with its iterons, parABC, and stbD. Each plasmid contained one large accessory region (LAR) inserted into the backbone, and these 11 LARs had significantly distinct profiles of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and resistance/metabolism gene loci. Antibiotic resistance regions (ARRs; the antibiotic resistance gene-containing genetic elements) were found in seven of these 11 LARs. Besides resistance genes, ARRs carried unit or composite transposons, integrons, and putative resistance units. IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids were important vectors of drug resistance genes. This was the first report of three novel MGEs: In1776, Tn 6755, and Tn 6857. Conclusion: Data presented here provided a deeper insight into diversity and evolution of IncFIB replicon and IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Combine carbon emission factor and input–output method to measure embodied carbon. • Ternary diagrams are innovatively used for assessing regional carbon emissions. • Indirect carbon emissions take a great part of embodied carbon emissions. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to analyze the embodied carbon in China's construction industry by integrating carbon emission factors and an input–output model. The analysis covers the whole construction industry chain, including both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Moreover, this study introduces an emergy index system that incorporates the ternary diagram of materials science for environmental assessments, assessing resource allocation, development effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. The research measures the embodied carbon emissions for seven regions in China's construction industry, and compares the results from the perspective of the whole industry chain. The study reveals that indirect carbon emissions contribute significantly to the embodied carbon emissions in China's construction industry, and the central region exhibits the highest environmental loading rate among all regions. Additionally, the northern region shows the highest emergy yield rate, whereas the eastern and northeastern regions exhibit better sustainability in the development of the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collection of 11 IncC plasmids from China were fully sequenced herein and compared with reference plasmids pR148 and pR55. These 13 plasmids could be assigned into three different subgroups: type 1, type 2, and type 1/2 hybrid. Type 1/2-hybrid plasmids most likely emerged from homologous recombination between type 1 and type 2 plasmids. Different IncC plasmids had evolved to acquire quite different profiles of accessory modules and thus different collections of resistance genes. The accessory resistance modules included not only the bla CMY-carrying region, the ARI-A island, and the ARI-B island, but also various additional kinds of resistance islands such as the bla CTX–M-carrying regions and the MDR regions. Insertion of accessory modules was sometimes accompanied by deletion, inversion, and translocation of surrounding backbone regions. pR148 and pR55 were confirmed to have the most complete backbones for type 1 and type 2, respectively. This was the first report of a bla IMP–8-carrying IncC plasmid, and that of three novel mobile elements: a Tn 1696 -derived unit transposon Tn 6395 , a class 2 integron In2-76, and an insertion sequence IS Ecl10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder of the full feeding rice combine harvester is widely used in China and works with violent vibration. To explore the source of the excitation affecting the vibration and to reduce the vibration, a finite element modal analysis and multipoint input and multipoint output (MIMO) modal test were performed to solve the natural vibration characteristics. By analyzing the excitation frequency, we concluded that the main reason for the resonance was the coupling between the rotation frequency of the threshing cylinder and the first natural frequency. To avoid the influence of resonance and realize a lightweight design, we proposed a combination of size optimization and topology optimization. The second rotation orthogonal combination test was designed to analyze the first natural frequency, maximum stress, and maximum deformation of the threshing cylinder, and the threshing cylinder was reconstructed as a central symmetrical structure to balance the rotational inertia force. The field experiment results showed that the amplitudes of the optimized threshing cylinder were significantly lower than those of the original threshing cylinder. This study provides ideas for solving the vibration characteristics of rotating parts and provides an important reference for the design of vibration reduction and weight reduction of key parts in the field of agricultural machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is a type of externalization problem, which is common in preadolescence. The cause of preadolescents' aggression can be traced to their adverse family experiences, such as childhood psychological maltreatment. Therefore, exploring the cause and mechanism underlying aggressive behavior in preadolescents who have experienced psychological maltreatment is critical to preadolescents' healthy development. The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effects of effortful control and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological maltreatment and aggressive behavior among preadolescents. A total sample of 940 preadolescents (50.53 % males and 49.47 % females, M age = 9.75 years, SD = 1.17) were selected from two primary schools in Liaoning province, China. All preadolescents were in grades 3–5. The participants completed questionnaires regarding psychological maltreatment, effortful control, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and aggression. The results revealed that: (a) psychological maltreatment was positively associated with aggressive behavior; and (b) effortful control and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation mediated the link between psychological maltreatment and aggression in a sequential pattern. The present study provides further understanding of the relations between psychological maltreatment and aggression, and it also provides prevention and intervention suggestions concerning how to reduce the effect of psychological maltreatment on aggressive behavior among preadolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The DAH determines the GDML for the accumulation and consumption of the grain. • The variation of ML is caused by the variation of SMC during the harvesting period. • The GDML is the main source of harvesting loss for two cultivars. • Harvesting on a suitable date is a more effective way to enhance paddy rice yield. Decisions regarding the harvest time of rice are of critical significance to labor management and agricultural machinery dispatching to avoid unnecessary losses. However, the comprehensive composition of harvest loss and its variation rules remain poorly understood. Our objectives were to optimize the harvesting date to improve the paddy rice yield (PRY) of long and short-grain rice (LG and SUI) by minimizing the grain dry matter loss (GDML) and four kinds of mechanical losses (ML), i.e., header loss (HL), cleaning loss (CL), entrainment loss (EL), as well as un-threshed loss (UTL). For this aim, field experiments were performed (2017–2020) to assess the GDML, HL, CL, EL and UTL of the respective cultivar from 45 to 59 days after heading (45 DAH-59 DAH, i.e., 15 days) in Northeast China. Rice harvested at the initial stage of maturity exhibited maximal GDML, whereas, the GDML of the two cultivars declined first and then rose with the prolonged harvest date. For the ML, the HL and CL increased, while the EL and the UTL decreased for both cultivars from 45 DAH to 59 DAH. By examining the correlation between straw moisture content (SMC) and ML, significant correlations between SMC and four kinds of ML were demonstrated, which revealed the main factor of the variations of HL, CL, EL, and UTL during the whole harvesting period. The GDML showed no significant difference between LG and SUI, whereas the ML were significantly different. Moreover, as indicated from the difference in the proportion of harvest loss showed that the GDML was the critical factor determining the total loss for two cultivars throughout the harvest season. Overall, the results demonstrated that the optimal harvest date for LG was from 52 DAH to 53 DAH, and from 53 DAH to 54 DAH for SUI. Harvesting on a suitable date was a more effective way to enhance paddy rice yield than machinery operation adjustment, which ensured both quality and quantity of the rice. Once the harvesting was advanced or delayed, the operating parameters of the machinery should be adjusted to reduce the ML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteomics is the study of all proteins expressed by a cell or even an organism. However, knowledge of proteins that regulate the fineness of cashmere is limited. Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) is a valuable genetic resource of China. The skin samples of Liaoning cashmere goats during the growing period were collected, performed tandem mass tag (TMT) method, and identified 117 differentially expressed proteins in CT_LCG (course type) and FT_LCG (fine type). To verify proteins differentially expressed in LCG, we performed PRM validation on three candidate proteins (ALB, SDC1, and ITGB4) in CT-LCG and FT-LCG. Furthermore, primary metabolic process and lysosome are most enriched in the GO and KEGG pathways, respectively. In addition, we also derived a protein-protein interaction (PPI) regulatory network from the perspective of bioinformatics. This study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism of differential proteins regulating cashmere fineness of Liaoning cashmere goats by using TMT quantitative proteomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins ALB and SDC1 may regulate cashmere fineness; ITGB4 can become a promising protein for further study. They can be used as key proteins to lay a foundation for studying cashmere fineness of Liaoning cashmere goats., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The equalization of medical services has received increasing attention, and improving the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas is key for the realization of fairness with regard to medical services. This study studies the rural areas of Henan Province, China, and uses unincorporated villages as the basic unit. The spatial pattern of accessibility in rural areas was comprehensively analyzed via geographic information system spatial analysis and coefficient of variation. The spatial heterogeneity of relevant influencing factors was assessed by using the geographically weighted regression model. The results show that: (1) The distance cost of medical treatment in rural areas is normally distributed, and most areas are within a range of 2-6 km. (2) The accessibility in rural areas has clear spatial differences, is significantly affected by terrain, and shows characteristics of significant spatial agglomeration. The eastern and central regions have good spatial accessibility, while the western regions have poor spatial accessibility. Furthermore, regions with poor accessibility are mainly located in mountainous areas. (3) The spatial equilibrium of accessibility follows a pattern of gradual deterioration from east to west. The better accessibility-unbalanced type is mostly located in the center of Henan Province, while the poor accessibility-unbalanced type is concentrated in mountainous areas. (4) The area, elevation, residential density, and per capita industrial output are positively correlated with spatial accessibility, while road network density and population density are negatively correlated.

Objective We aim to explore the correlation between serum and tissue 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME-2) levels and recurrence of juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Study Design Retrospective cohort studies. Settings Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. Subjects and Methods Sixty-four patients diagnosed with JORRP in our department from January 2007 to December 2012 were enrolled. Patients were divided into recurrence and nonrecurrence groups, with 32 patients in each group. ELISA detected the concentration of 2-ME-2 in serum and tissue samples collected during the first surgical procedure. Mann-Whitney analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, logistic regression model, and Kaplan-Meier method were used for data processing. Results There was no difference in the serum 2-ME-2 concentration between the groups ( P = .237), while the tissue 2-ME-2 concentration of the recurrent group was significantly lower than that of the nonrecurrence group ( P = .0001). When the area under the curve was 0.752, the cutoff value of tissue 2-ME-2 at 670.02 pg/mL yielded the highest predictive sensitivity (71.9%) and specificity (71.9%). Regrouped by this cutoff point, patients with a lower tissue 2-ME-2 level (n = 26) had shorter disease-free survival and a higher recurrence odds ratio than patients with a higher tissue 2-ME-2 level (n = 38; P = .0408, odds ratio = 7.667). Conclusion A low tissue 2-ME-2 level is associated with a higher recurrence rate of JORRP. Tissue 2-ME-2 may be an effective target for JORRP treatment and a convenient measure for recurrence monitoring.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and GenoArray HPV genotyping assays were used to evaluate the HPV infection status of 256 Chinese patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Long-term survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunostaining for p16 was prevalent in 6.6% (17/256) of patients, whereas HPV infection was detected in 9 of 256 (3.5%) patients using the HPV genotyping test. None of the p16-negative subjects were found to have HPV infection according to the HPV genotyping test. P16 positivity was more common among nonsmokers than smokers (16.3% vs. 4.7%, respectively; P = 0.02). Among nine HPV-positive cases, seven were infected with HPV-16, one with HPV-33, and one with both HPV-16 and HPV-11. The 3-year overall survival rate was 87.5% for p16-positive/HPV-positive patients, 75.0% for p16-positive/HPV-negative patients, and 76.9% for p16-negative/HPV-negative patients (P = 0.30). A very low rate of HPV infection was found among the study patients. HPV infection status may not be a useful prognostic marker for head and neck cancer patients., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objectives: Previous reports suggest a strong association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the etiology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, clinical data regarding the HPV infection rate among LSCC patients remain largely inconsistent., Methods: In total, 674 LSCC patients from three major hospitals in Shanghai were enrolled in this study. We determined the patients' HPV infection status using immunohistochemistry and the GenoArray HPV genotyping assay and calculated their long-term survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method., Results: The total P16-positive rate according to immunostaining results was 7.57% (51/674). None of the P16-negative patients were HPV-positive according to the HPV genotyping test. The rate of HPV infection among patients with LSCC was 4.9% (33/674). HPV infection was more common among nonsmokers (P<0.05), nondrinkers (P<0.05), and patients with supraglottic LSCC (P<0.05). Of the 33 HPV-positive patients, 28 (84.8%) were infected with HPV-16, 2 with HPV-18, 1 with HPV-31, 1 with HPV-33 and 1 with HPV-45. The 3-year overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate were higher in HPV-positive than HPV-negative patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (76.3% vs. 70.7%, P = 0.30 and 65.1% vs. 58.3%, P = 0.37, respectively)., Conclusion: HPV was not a main causal factor in LSCC carcinogenesis in this Chinese population. HPV infection did not alter patients' overall survival or progression-free survival rates in this study.