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The paper analyzes the nature of the basic education, and points out that the scarcity, disparity and exclusiveness to a certain degree form the inner reasons of school choice in China. In review of the policy evolution of governing the school choice problems, and analyzing the policy framework of the current stage, the paper holds that expanding public expenditure is the basis of providing adequate, fair and quality compulsory education and high school education, and the role of social forces should be brought into full play so as to promote the diverse ways of delivering educational services. In reality, the significant institutional guarantee to govern the problem of school choice in China is to transform the government function and build the government more public service oriented, implement the government accountability system and build transparent public debate sphere.

Background: Despite the growing number of studies on the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), little is known about the association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we included 336 COVID-19 inpatients between February 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020 at the Taikang Tongji Hospital (Wuhan), China. Electronic medical records including patient demographics, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed. Results: In total, 300 patients with complete clinical outcomes were included for analysis. The mean age was 65.3 years, and most patients were women (n = 167, 55.7%). Over 50% of patients presented with comorbidities, with hypertension (63.5%) being the most common comorbidity. After propensity score matching, results showed that men had significantly higher odds than premenopausal women for developing severe disease type (23.7% vs. 0%, OR 17.12, 95% CI 1.00–293.60; p = 0.003) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 64.7%, OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.08–10.64; p = 0.04), but not for mortality (2.0% vs. 0%, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.04–19.12, p = 1.00). However, non-significant difference was observed among men and postmenopausal women in the percentage of severe disease type (32.7% vs. 41.7%, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–1.24, p = 0.21), bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 91.7%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.47, p = 0.24), and mortality (2.0% vs. 6.0%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.06–1.69, p = 0.25). Conclusions: Men had higher disease severity than premenopausal women, while the differences disappeared between postmenopausal women and men. These findings support aggressive treatment for the poor prognosis of postmenopausal women in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelao ethnic group, an aboriginal population residing in southwest China, has undergone a long and complex evolutionary process. To investigate the genetic structure of this ancient ethnic group, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms of 102 Gelao individuals were collected and analyzed in this study. With the aid of the information extracted from control-region hypervariable segments (HVSs) I and II as well as some necessary coding-region segments, phylogenetic status of all mtDNAs under study were determined by means of classifying into various defined haplogroups. The southern-prevalent haplogroups B, R9, and M7 account for 45.1% of the gene pool, whereas northern-prevalent haplogroups A, D, G, N9, and M8 consist of 39.2%. Haplogroup distribution indicates that the Gelao bears signatures of southern populations and possesses some regional characters. In the PC map, Gelao clusters together with populations with Bai-Yue tribe origin as well as the local Han and the Miao. The results demonstrate the complexity of Gelao population and the data can well supplement the China mtDNA database., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the current situation of corneal donors and possible way to improve the corneal donation program in the city of Chongqing., Methods: (1) The 1,400 residents of Chongqing were randomly surveyed to understand their ideas and attitudes towards corneal donation and to evaluate the correlation between their knowledge and their participation in the program in May - December, 2001. (2) The sociology data of 1,278 registered donors in the Chongqing Eye Bank were analyzed from March 1999 to December 2001.(3) The social-medical data of 37 eye donors were analyzed from March 1999 to December 2001., Results: (1) Results of the random survey: the response rate was 79.14% (1,108/1,400), 1,072 (76.57%) questionnaire met the criteria for further analysis.47.20% of 1,072 persons would like to be eye donors, 62.69% supported eye donation, 32.55% would only donate their cornea, but 90.49% did not register to be a donor at present. Of those surveyed, about 2/3 were not familiar with the Chongqing Eye Bank, most did not know how to become an eye donor, and 75.28% supported local legislation to regulate donation. (2) Data of 1,278 registered eye donors: 550 were males and 728 were females, 61.89% were 30 years old or younger, most were students, teachers, medical staff or white-collared workers in general, and more than half had a university level education. (3) Data of 37 eye donors: 25 were males and 12 were females, age range was 20 - 88 years old, the main causes of death were malignant tumors and cardio-cerebral vessel disorders, 59% had nine or less years of education while only 11% had a university level education, and nine were also cadaver donors. The clinical utilization rate of eyes was 73%., Conclusions: (1) There are a significant number of people who are willing to be eye donors. Education level and age do not affect their decision to become donors. (2) Only a small percentage of the mass are registered eye donors. (3) Legislation regarding eye donation should be enacted as soon as possible. (4) Corneal donations could be higher than those at present.