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As environmental problems continue to intensify, public environmental awareness and participation have become key forces in a modernized environmental governance system. Recognizing the importance of public participation in environmental governance, this study explores the influence of public pressure on environmental pollution and its implications for China's long-term environmental management efforts. Using statistical and internet search data from 284 prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2020, the study finds that a 1% increase in public environmental concern leads to a 0.009% reduction in pollution. The study also highlights the strengthening effect of government environmental regulation on the impact of public environmental concern. Moreover, regional heterogeneity analysis reveals a stronger effect of public environmental concern in cities facing low economic pressure. The findings of the study provide a reference for the construction of a coordinated and sustainable environmental governance model in China as well as in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Spodoptera litura is an important agricultural pest widely distributed around the world, which can damage numerous crops. Despite its economic importance, research on the population genetics of S. litura has been limited, preventing insight into the spread of the pest. In this study, we conducted a population genetic analysis of 24 populations of S. litura in Southern China using microsatellite markers, demonstrating the information on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the tested populations. The results will provide pest control management strategies for S. litura in Southern China. Population genetic structure is strongly affected by dispersal events, especially for migratory species. The investigation of population structure is therefore conducive to increasing our understanding of species dispersal. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important tobacco pest in China causing serious damage to multiple crops. In this study, we explore its dispersal dynamics by clarifying the fine-scale population genetics using 545 S. litura samples collected from tobacco plantations at 24 locations (mainly in Baise, Hechi, and Hezhou, Southern China). We analyzed the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow of these populations using seven microsatellite loci. Our results revealed high genetic diversity and low population genetic structure among S. litura. The genetic distance was uncorrelated with geographical distance, indicating the complete randomness of dispersal among the local populations. Our results suggest that the movement scope of contemporary S. litura might be much higher than the local-level spatial scale, which will provide a theoretical basis for pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Kunlun Orogen (EKO) is located in the western part of China and has witnessed the Late Permian–Triassic tectonic evolution involving the A'nyemaqen Ocean (a part of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean). In this study, geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotope analysis of Late Permian–Triassic granitoids were carried out. Zircon U–Pb dating of Dachagou granodiorite and monzogranite in the western part of the EKO (W–EKO) is 233.4 ± 1.1 and 225.8 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively. The Dachagou granodiorite and monzogranite are characterized by low values of 10, 000 Ga/Al ratios (1.75–2.06, 1.42–1.60) similar to those of I‐type granite. The εHf (t) (−2.4 to +0.1, −3.0 to +0.2) indicate that the magma forming these granites was derived from a mafic Mesoproterozoic lower crust. Zircon U–Pb age of Lalingzaohuo quartz diorite is 244.5 ± 2.6 Ma, and its εHf(t) values (−0.7 to +2.5) indicate the origin of crust–mantle mixing. Zircon U–Pb ages for Nagengkangqieer granodiorite and monzogranite in the eastern part of the EKO (E–EKO) are 250.1 ± 2.8 and 238.9 ± 2.2 Ma, respectively. These rocks are also characterized by low 10, 000 Ga/Al ratios (2.37–2.66 and 2.49–2.63) again similar to I‐type granite. The εHf(t) (−3.9 to 0.4, −3.3 to 1.1) indicate that the magma was derived from the crustal materials. As contemporaneous rocks, the Dachagou and Nagengkangqieer granodiorites and the Lalingzaohuo quartz diorites are formed in a subduction environment. However, the Dachagou and Nagengkangqieer monzogranites are formed in a collision environment. Based on this result, the closure time of the W–EKO and E–EKO of the A'nyemaqen Ocean had an age gap of ~15 Ma, hence the closure mode of the A'nyemaqen Ocean should be a "scissor‐type" closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accumulate evidence of the phylogeny of Mileewinae and the relationships among Mileewa, Processina, and Ujna genera, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of four Mileewa spp., namely, Mileewa mira, Mileewa lamellata, Mileewa sharpa, and Mileewa amplimacula. The first complete mitogenome of the genus Processina (P. sexmaculata), established by Yang, Deitz & Li from China and comprising five species, was also sequenced in this study. Annotation showed that the five mitogenomes were 14787 –15436 bp in length, and all harbored 37 typical genes. The AT content of the five mitogenomes ranged from 78.3% to 80.2%, which was similar to that of other sequenced Mileewinae species. For protein-coding genes (PCGs), ATN was the start codon, while atp8 and nad5 genes were initiated with TTG, and a great majority of them used TAA or TAG as stop codons, whereas cox2 and nad1 ended with an incomplete codon T–. All tRNAs had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1, which had a reduced dihydrouridine arm. We further used 59 Membracoidea species and two outgroups to reconstruct phylogenetic trees based on 13 PCGs under an independent partition model with Bayesian inference and Maximum-likelihood methods. Among these two trees, each of the subfamilies Cicadellinae, Typhlocybinae, and Mileewinae were recovered as a monophyletic group with high support values, suggesting that Typhlocybinae was more ancient than Mileewinae and Cicadellinae. Within the Mileewinae subfamily, all species maintained the same relationships and topologies according to both the BI and ML analyses (PP > 0.8, BS > 83) as follows: (M. sharpa + (U. puerana + ((M. ponta + (M. mira + M. lamellata)) + ((M. albovittata + (M. margheritae + M. amplimacula)) + (M. rufivena + (P. sexmaculata + M. alara)))))), and the monophyly of the genera Processina, Mileewa and Ujna were not supported. This study further enriches the Mileewinae mitogenome database and will contribute to future research on the systematics, evolution, and classification of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The H7N9 influenza virus emerged in China in 2013, causing more than 1560 human infections, 39% of which were fatal. A 'cytokine storm' in the lungs of H7N9 patients has been linked to a poor prognosis and death; however, the underlying mechanism that triggers the cytokine storm is unknown. Here, we found that efficient replication of the H7N9 virus in mouse lungs activates gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells, and that the released cytosolic contents then trigger a cytokine storm. Knockout of Gsdme switched the manner of death of A549 and human primary alveolar epithelial cells from pyroptosis to apoptosis upon H7N9 virus infection, and Gsdme knockout mice survived H7N9 virus lethal infection. Our findings reveal that GSDME activation is a key and unique mechanism for the pulmonary cytokine storm and lethal outcome of H7N9 virus infection and thus opens a new door for the development of antivirals against the H7N9 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships between modern pollen, climate, and human activities are important for improving the explanation of fossil records. To better understand anthropogenic and climatic impact on peatland vegetation and environment, we assessed the impact of the human influence index (HII) on modern pollen assemblages from 61 surface soil samples (different land‐use types) in the Greater Khingan Mountains by using detrended correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis. Based on the palynological analysis, 210Pb age‐depth model, and weighted averaging partial least squares, we reconstructed HII values of Tuqiang peatland in the Greater Khingan Mountains during the last 150 years. The reconstructed HII values demonstrated that the intensity of human activities increased gradually before 1900 AD, when the population of Heilongjiang Province was less and its native inhabitants continued to hunt and gather. During the period of 1900–1950 AD, human influence intensity increased sharply and reached peak values. Wars and placer gold mining caused large numbers of people immigrated north to Heilongjiang Province, rapid population growth strengthened the human impact intensity. In addition, invaders exploited the forest resources without limit. Widescale deforestation and land reclamation destroyed vegetation landscape and reduced forest coverage seriously, which led to soil erosion and land degradation. With the foundation of new China (1949 AD), the implementation of forest protection policies clearly reduced the human disturbance intensity. However, due to the needs of economic development, human influence intensity increased again after 2000 AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The West Qinling Orogen, which forms the western part of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, is characterized by the voluminous distribution of Triassic granitoids. Here, we investigate the Baguashan monzogranite which hosts numerous mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). We present zircon U–Pb–Hf and whole‐rock geochemical as well as Sr–Nd isotopic data of the monzogranites and MMEs with a view to gain insights on the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating yields ages of 219.0 ± 1.7 Ma and 219.5 ± 1.6 Ma for the MMEs, and 214.2 ± 1.3 Ma for the host monzogranite, suggesting formation from coeval magmas. The host monzogranites show high SiO2, Rb, Ba, and Th contents, but low TiO2, MgO, P2O5 values, with A/CNK of <1.1. Zircon grains from monzogranites show εHf(t) values in the range of −6.3 to +3.2 with corresponding two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1.39–2.25 Ga. The MMEs are mostly elliptical or spherical in shape and have lower SiO2 and Th contents, but higher MgO, TiO2, and CaO, and εHf(t) values ranging from −6.1 to +5.7 with TDM2 of 1.17–2.23 Ga. The Sr–Nd isotopic data for MMEs and monzogranites show (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ranging from 0.7059 to 0.7069 and low εNd(t) values ranging from −6.07 to −4.18, suggesting a crustal origin. Based on the relatively homogeneous Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, we suggest that the MMEs represent magma mixing, and the mafic magma injected into the felsic magma chamber was probably derived by the reworking of mafic lower crust with a contribution of juvenile materials. We propose a model involving delamination of thickened lower crust below the West Qinling Orogen after the collision between the North China Block and the South China Block in the Late Triassic. Subsequently, the lower crust was partially melted by the heat input from the upwelling asthenosphere and produced the mafic magma. Partial melting of the ancient metamorphic rocks generated the granitic magma. The interaction of mafic and felsic magmas occurred within a post‐collisional tectonic setting in the Late Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kaladaban Pb─Zn─Cu volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit (VMS), located within the Altyn region of Xinjiang in NW China, is an economically significant deposit with known reserves of 414,400 t Zn with a grade of 4.14%, 265,200 t Pb with a grade of 2.52%, and 149,200 t Cu with a grade of 1.10%. The mineralization is hosted in basalt, rhyolite, and rhyolite porphyry, with the latter two rock types yielding zircon U─Pb ages of 516 and 505 Ma, respectively, representing the timing of crystallization. Samples of the host volcanic rocks show fractionated rare‐earth element (REE) patterns and enrichment in both large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba, Rb, U, and light REEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (e.g., Th, Hf, and Zr). These features are similar to those of oceanic island basalt. δ18O values of ore fluids from quartz in orebodies range from +8.1‰ to +13.4‰, and fluid δ18Dwater values vary from −68.5‰ to −99.1‰, indicating a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal and seawater. δ34S values range from +8.5‰ to +14.9‰, suggesting that S that in the Kaladaban ore minerals had a mixed origin of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and sulphate‐reduced seawater. Ratios of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb from metal minerals in Kaladaban deposit are 18.513–18.740, 15.633–15.727, and 38.236–38.398, respectively, indicating extremely radiogenic characteristics, similar to the host volcanic rocks. We infer that the Kaladaban Pb─Zn deposit formed in an active continental margin setting related to southward subduction of the North Altyn oceanic crust during the early Palaeozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, tight oil exploration has made significant progress in the lower part of Shahejie Formation ( Es 3 L ) in the Shulu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China, which shows good exploration prospects for tight oil. However, accurate evaluation of tight oil resource potential is influenced by a lack of studies and an incomplete understanding of hydrocarbon expulsion from marlstone source rocks. This study investigated the geological and geochemical characteristics of marlstone source rocks, their hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and the tight oil resource. Results show that the marlstone source rocks were deposited in a reducing to weakly oxidizing lacustrine environment with low-middle salinity, distributed widely in the central and southern troughs, with the maximum thickness greater than 700 m. The marlstone source rocks have relatively high organic matter abundance (0.06–7.97% of total organic carbon content with an average value of 1.51%), are dominated by type II and I kerogen, and are at the immature to mature stage (0.3% < vitrinite reflectance (VR) < 0.8%), which reveals fair–good source rocks for the marlstones. The threshold and peak of hydrocarbon expulsion for marlstone source rocks are at 0.51% VR and 0.6% VR, respectively. The amounts of generation and expulsion from marlstone source rocks are 19.72 × 108 t and 8.53 × 108 t, respectively, with an expulsion efficiency of 43%. The total tight oil resource in place is 10.9 × 108 (5.8 × 108 t within the carbonate rudstone reservoir and 5.1 × 108 t within the marlstone reservoir), indicating a significant tight oil potential and promising exploration prospect in the Shulu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we present results from a total of 10 peatland cores dated by 210Pb analysis in the Greater Khingan Range and Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China to determine their carbon accumulation rates and evaluate possible climate connections during the last 100 years. The carbon accumulation rate and temperature in the Greater Khingan Range were lower than that in the Sanjiang Plain. Carbon accumulation rate in the last 100 years was higher than the long-term rate of carbon accumulation in the last two millennia mainly due to the addition of peat was more obvious than the decomposition on the background of warming. Regression relationships between temperature and Non-autogenic carbon accumulation rate were constructed by GAMs, GBMs, and RF models. We also predicted the trend of carbon accumulation rate in Northeast China over the next century based on these models. The future carbon accumulation rates in the Great Khingan Range under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 will increase until around 2100 CE in the face of warming. Future peatland carbon accumulation rate under a warmer climate show a decrease in the Sanjiang Plain under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeast China is the region with the largest area of wetlands in China. The Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain are large freshwater marsh distribution regions that are affected by climate warming and by the increasing frequency and density of extreme weather and are the regions most subject to disturbances by human activities in Northeast China. The wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain have shrunk severely in the past 60 years, and wetland functions have been reduced substantially because of climate change, unreasonable land use, fire episodes, engineering and construction works and urbanization. Large-scale agricultural development started in the 1950s has been the most important driving factor for wetland loss and degradation in the Sanjiang Plain. Water shortage has been the most important factor for degradation and fragmentation of wetlands in the Songnen Plain. To mitigate wetland degradation and better protect wetlands, special regulations, long-term mechanisms and technical support of wetland protection should be established. A wetland compensation program should be implemented, and technologies for increasing the adaptive capacity of wetlands should be developed. Moreover, it is most important to find the balanced threshold between agricultural development and wetland protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Acknowledgments section now reads: "We want to thank Xiaoli Xu, Likun Zhong and Yan Jiang for collecting the specimen of this study. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25376-y, published online 02 December 2022 The Acknowledgments section in the original version of this Article was omitted. [Extracted from the article]

Two new species of the leafhopper subgenus Empoasca (Empoasca) namely, E. (E.) dorsodenticulata Yu & Yang, sp. n. and E. (E.) spiculata Yu & Yang, sp. n. from China are described and illustrated and a key provided for Chinese subgenera of Empoasca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sandification process was studied, by monitoring the changes of sediment characteristics, at marsh-sandy land intersections in China's Songnen region. A series of sediment collection plates were deployed in the region; after one year, sediments in these plates were analyzed for changes of mass and chemical characteristics. The sediment flux and the sand content of the sediments decreased with the increasing longitudinal distance between the sampling site and the centre line of a sand dune. The mean sediment flux was 29±14 kg m−2 yr−1 and 0.6±0.3 kg m−2 yr−1 in the sandy land and marsh, respectively. Strong, positive correlations were found between the concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen, P, Fe, Ti, V and Zr, all of which were also negatively correlated with the sand content. The concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen, P, Fe, Ti, V and Zr in the marsh sediment samples were all significantly greater than the corresponding concentrations of the sandy land (p<0.001). Sand content and Ti, V and Zr concentrations all proved to be valid indicators of sandification intensity, and they showed that the marsh could be divided into three distinct zones. Sand expansion extended about 88 m into the marsh. The mean sand content in the sediments of the sandy land was 91% and then 64% in the marsh, which in turn was higher than that of marshes outside the influence of sandification, suggesting that the marsh in the marsh-sandy land transitional area has already undergone extensive sandification in the past. The study results provide information on the wetland's function of indicating and buffering the sandification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Hinggan Range (GHR) hosts many large Mo deposits and vein-type Pb-Zn deposits and is one of the most important polymetallic metallogenic belts in China. Although Mo and Pb-Zn deposits are locally closely related in space in the GHR, it is disputed whether the Mo and Pb-Zn deposits have a genetic relationship. The Diyanqinamu Mo deposit located at the middle part of the northern GHR is a Late Jurassic large porphyry Mo deposit and closely adjacent by vein-type Pb-Zn deposit. In this work, we discussed the relationship between Mo and Pb-Zn deposits in Diyanqinamu mine based on the data of S and Pb isotopic geochemistry and geological information. In this mine, the Mo deposit is concentrated in the southern area with a distance of 500 m to the vein Pb-Zn deposit. The δ34SCDT values of the galena and sphalerite from the Mo deposit range from +1.73‰ to +7.29‰ with average of +5.04‰. By contrast, δ34SCDT values of the galena and sphalerite from the Pb-Zn deposit, ranging from +2.38‰ to +5.46‰ with average of +4.04‰, is similar to that of the Mo deposit. The formation temperatures of the Pb-Zn deposit calculated based on the sulfur isotope balance fractionation between sphalerite and co-existed galena range from 220 °C to 315 °C (average 247 °C), which is lower than that of the Mo mineralization (292–510°C). Pb isotopic results show that the 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values of the Pb-Zn deposit range from 18.326–18.364, 15.541–15.589, and 38.054–38.214, respectively, which are slightly higher than those of the Mo deposit ranging from 18.287–18.331, 15.532–15.569, and 38.034–38.139, respectively. In the 206Pb/204Pb˗207Pb/204Pb diagram, sulfides sampled from the Mo and Pb-Zn deposits overlapped with each other and formed a linear distribution, indicating that they are derived from a mixed metal source with more external contribution to the Pb-Zn mineralization. This mixed signal is further confirmed by the geologic facts that the host rocks of the vein-type Pb-Zn deposit have abnormally high contents of Pb, Zn, and Ag, and experienced strong hydrothermal alteration. Combined with the ore geology, mineral assemblage, and isotopic geochemistry of the two types of mineralization, we propose that the Mo and Pb-Zn deposits in the Diyanqinamu mine represent different faces of the same porphyry system. This Mo-Pb-Zn metallogenic system would provide important clues on further prospecting of Mo and Pb-Zn resources in the GHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recent deposition of atmospheric soil dust (ASD) was studied using 210Pb-dated Sphagnum-derived peat sequences from Great Hinggan Mountain in northeast China. Physicochemical indices of peat including dry bulk density, water content, ash content, total organic carbon and mass magnetic susceptibility were measured. Acid-insoluble concentration of lithogenic metals (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, V and Ti) were measured using ICP-AES. The basic physicochemical properties were used to assess the peat trophic status and indicated that the sections above 45–60cm are rain-fed peat. A continuous record of ASD fluxes over the past 150years was reconstructed based on the geochemical data obtained from the ombrotrophic zone, and the average input rate of ASD is 13.4–68.1gm−2 year−1. The source of soil dust deposited in peat was dominated by the long-range transport of mineral aerosol from the drylands in north China and Mongolia. The temporal variation of ASD fluxes in the last 60years coincides well with the meteorological records of dust storm frequency during 1954–2002 in north China. This suggests that the reconstructed sequence of atmospheric dust deposition is reliable and we can look back in time at the dust evolution before 1949. Dust storm events were observed occasionally in the late Qing dynasty, and their frequency and intensity were smaller than dust weather occurring in recent times. Four peaks of ASD fluxes were distinguished and correlated with the historical events at that time. This study presents the first atmospheric soil dust data in peat records in northeast China, and complements a global database of peat bog archives of atmospheric deposition. The results reflect the patterns of local environmental change over the past century in north China and will be helpful in formulating policies to achieve sustainable and healthy development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Forms and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in a subalpine quaking peatland on Mt. Changbai in China that is located 1km from the North Korea border. Peat cores were collected from four sites and radiometrically dated to determine long-term ( 210 Pb-based) rates of peat and P accumulation. Soil P forms at different depths in four peat cores were determined by a modified Hedley fraction method. In the minerotrophic fens (fen-W, fen-S, and fen-E), total P (Pt), organic P (Po), NaOH extractable Po (NaOH-Po) and Residual-P ranged from 809±192 to 1214±530, 455±121 to 736±373, 282±100 to 462±247, and 152±36 to 325±118mgPkg−1, respectively. In an ombrotrophic bog (bog-N), the corresponding values were 705±163, 387±125, 204±103, and 101±15mgPkg−1 respectively. Many of those were higher in the fens than in the bog. Significantly different accumulation rates of peat were determined for the fens (0.063 to 0.081gDMcm−2 yr−1) and bog (0.038gDMcm−2 yr−1). Compared with other peatlands, the accumulation of Pt in the Yuanchi peatland (0.69±0.4 to 2.04±0.6gPm−2 yr−1) was higher, suggesting that the volcanic parent material had an influence on P accumulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Iron cycling in wetlands is important because it plays an important role in interactions among wetland soils/sediments, plants and microorganisms. The seasonal variation of iron (Fe) distributed in two freshwater peatland ecosystems dominated by Calamagrostis angustifolia (CA) and Carex lasiocarpa (CL), was observed in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China. The compartmentalization of the Fe cycle including storage in the atmosphere, litter, soil, and above- and below ground plant material was determined. The results showed that the Fe input from rain was 0.06gm−2 a−1, and the total Fe mass in the peatland ecosystem was 5.18×103 for CA and 1.40×103 gm−2 for CL. The major Fe pools were soils (98.6% and 97.1% for CA and CL, respectively). The Fe fluxes between each compartment resulted in the increase of the belowground Fe pool and decrease of the litter Fe pool currently both for CA and CL. CL has greater uptake coefficient (0.024) and cycle coefficient (0.034), but smaller use coefficient (0.58) than that of CA (0.02, 0.006, and 0.77, respectively). Peatland conversion for agriculture affected the former natural Fe cycle processes and mass balance to a certain extent in long term, because the Fe assimilated by soybean and rice are less than that of CA and CL, and cannot return to soils from harvesting. Drainage and ditch excavation for agricultural conversion caused considerable Fe loss via aqueous movement, so that Fe was likely lost and transported downstream by these ditch networks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

High-latitude region is sensitive to global climate change, and pollen record in sediments could reflect vegetation variation which responded to climate change. The Great Hinggan Mountains are main distribution areas of peatlands in high-latitude region in China and located at East Asian summer monsoonal margin, however, the variation of vegetation and climate in this region is still unclear. Based on the AMS 14C dating, we analyzed the pollen assemblages to reconstruct vegetation history in Tuqiang (TQ) peatland, and we also used the principal component analysis to reconstruct the temperature and effective moisture and compared with other palaeoclimate records. Pollen assemblage denoted a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest on the surrounding mountains, and peatland vegetation gradually evolved from herb community (Cyperaceae) to bush community (Ericaceae). The climate of north part in the Great Hinggan Mountains was mainly controlled by the East Asian Summer Monsoon which related to ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific. During the period from 3300 to 1150 cal yr BP, the dominant plant was Cyperaceae, with coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests bordered the peatland, which pointed to a relatively warm and wet climate. Between 1150 and 600 cal yr BP, the expansion of pine forests indicated a cool climate. The interval of 600–300 cal yr BP, the climate became cold and dry which related to the Little Ice Age. Since the 300 cal yr BP, Betula and Ericaceae dominated, the climate became warmer and drier. The obvious increase of secondary birch forests at the expense of pine forests may be the results of human disturbance, anthropogenic activities strengthened gradually and the variation of peatland vegetation was influenced mainly by anthropogenic activities rather than by climate since approximately 600 cal yr BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The cerussite and smithsonite are formed by oxidation of galena and sphalerite. • The ore material exhibits no magmatism characteristics. • The ore-forming materials are mainly sourced from regional strata. • The Huoshaoyun deposit is a supergene MVT deposit-a new non-sulfide deposit type in China. The Huoshaoyun carbonate-hosted non-sulfide Zn–Pb deposit in the Karakoram area, northwest China, provides an excellent setting for investigating the origin of this type of deposit. Here, geology, mineralogy, elements, and C–O–S–Pb isotopes evidence are presented to constrain the ore genesis of the Huoshaoyun deposit. Two orebodies occur in limestone of the Longshan Formation, which exhibit laminated, banded, and brecciated textures. Ore minerals of the Huoshaoyun deposit are dominated by smithsonite and cerussite, with subordinate galena and pyrite. From early to late, ore formation is divided into three stages, which are sulfide stage, oxidation stage I and oxidation stage II. The C–O isotopic compositions of smithsonite (δ13C PDB : –0.70‰ to 4.50‰, δ18O SMOW : 23.30‰ – 25.20‰), cerussite (δ13C PDB : –3.00‰ to –1.80‰, δ18O SMOW : 10.60‰ to 13.10‰), mineralization stage calcite (δ13C PDB : 0.90‰ to 2.80‰, δ18O SMOW : 12.40‰ to 24.80‰) and calcite within wall-rocks (δ13C PDB : –0.30‰ to 2.60‰, δ18O SMOW : 13.20‰ to 25.60‰) indicate that the carbon and oxygen source of the Huoshaoyun deposit are closely related to the sedimentary strata, and the minerals have experienced intense TSR effect of organic matter and influenced by meteoric water to a greater extent. Compared with gypsum in the Longshan Formation (δ34S V-CDT : 17.10‰ and 17.20‰) and veined gypsum near the orebodies (δ34S V-CDT : –26.30‰ to –18.50‰), galena and pyrite both enrich negative sulfur isotopes with δ34S V-CDT values ranging from –35.60‰ to –13.00‰, which reveal that the sulfur in the Huoshaoyun deposit was derived from low-temperature bacterial reduction of evaporative sulfate. The uniform Pb isotopic data of galena, cerussite, and anglesite (208Pb/204Pb: 38.857 – 38.935, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.677 – 15.694, 206Pb/204Pb: 18.515 – 18.552) from the Huoshaoyun deposit display linear trends in Pb isotope diagrams, which imply that the galena, cerussite, and anglesite should have been exposed to a series of cogenetic evolutionary processes and shared the same lead sources with significant upper crust and orogenic contribution. In comparison with Pb isotopic data of regional strata (208Pb/204Pb: 38.530 – 39.695, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.579 – 15.883, 206Pb/204Pb: 18.290 – 20.035), the combination of these regional strata can provide the enough metals for mineralization and induce the Pb isotopic characteristics evolving to the present model in the Huoshaoyun deposit. In summary, the ore-forming materials are mainly sourced from regional strata, and the Huoshaoyun deposit is a supergene MVT deposit-a new non-sulfide deposit type in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dayishan orefield in the central Nanling belt is one of the most important Sn districts in South China. Within this district, there are more than seven medium-to-large Sn, Sn-Cu and Pb-Zn-Sn deposits. The mineralization is associated with altered granites and greisen-quartz veins, both of which occur in the inner part of the Dayishan granite batholith. Cassiterite is the principal ore mineral, accompanied by subordinate molybdenite. Cassiterite separates from altered and mineralized granite and greisen-quartz veins have concordia ages of 156.5 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 3.1) and 158.0 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.4), respectively. Molybdenite separates from molybdenite-quartz veins that crosscut the greisen alteration have a Re-Os isochron age of 157.9 ± 7.7 Ma (MSWD = 26), whereas zircon separates from the porphyry monzogranite have a U-Pb age of 156.3 ± 1.2 Ma. These ages are identical within the analytical error and, together with the field relationships, provide tight constraints on the Sn mineralization at around 156 Ma. Rhenium contents of the molybdenite suggests that the ore-forming materials were derived from a crustal source, whereas S and Pb isotopic data point to mixed sources. We suggest that the Maozaishan deposit was formed by intrusion of the related pluton, and occurred in the Late Jurassic during a period of lithospheric thinning and crustal extension of the South China Block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The mineral assemblage shows chalcopyrite being replaced by Bi(OH)2+-bearing fluid. • Fractionation of Au–Bi melts from fluids results Au enrichment of the gold deposit. • Fractionation of Au–Bi melts from fluids results Au enrichment of the gold deposit. The newly discovered Anfangba gold deposit is hosted in the Middle Triassic pumpellyite-actinolite facies metamorphosed turbidites in the western Qinling Orogen, Central China. It is characterized by a pyrite-quartz vein type, a medium-high temperature, and the development of visible gold and abundant bismuthides. It is the first reported Au-Bi-associated deposit in this area and remains poorly understood. In this study, the mineral paragenesis has been studied to further understand ore formation, including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite, bismuthinite, tetrahedrite and arsenopyrite), Cu-Bi(Sb) sulfosalts (emplectite, wittichenite, and skinnerite), sulfoselenide (unnamed sulpho-tellurian nevskite), tetradymite group minerals (joséite-A, joséite-B and tetradymite), native bismuth and electrum. The physicochemical conditions of the ore-forming process can be estimated based on the mineral paragenetic sequence. The calculated log α H 2 S and log f O 2 of the main mineralization stage are higher than −2.25 and lower than −37.96, respectively. EPMA mapping indicated that ore-forming fluid with low sulfur and oxygen fugacities may have played an important role in provoking the activity of the semimetals such as Bi, Sb, Se and Te. This may have result in the formation of accessory minerals, including native bismuth, skinnerite and an unnamed sulpho-tellurian nevskite via coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR) reactions. Mineralography, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analysis have revealed a close relationship between Au mineralization and Bi-blebs. It suggests that the "liquid bismuth collector model" contributed to the Au enrichment of the Anfangba deposit. As the coexistence of native bismuth and bismuthinite is commonly seen in different types of hydrothermal gold deposits, the presence of Bi-melts and the influence of the "liquid bismuth collector model" in these gold deposits may have been underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of sleep deprivation among college students is increasing and has a few associated factors., Methods: The present study analyzed 2,142 college students from 28 provinces in China. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep duration. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore the sleep deprivation related factors. Age and gender were controlled as covariates., Results: Among the 2,142 college students (27.7% male, 72.3% female), 1,620 (75.6%) reported the average sleep duration was below 7 h per day for one month, 49.3% (1,055/2,142) slept 6∼7 h (contains 6 h), 21.0% (449/2,142) slept 5∼6 h (contains 5 h), and 5.4% (116/2,142) slept <5 h. Age increased the risk of sleep deprivation, the adjusted odds ratio = 1.05 (95% CI [1.01∼1.10]). The adjusted odds ratio (A-OR) for sleep deprivation was higher for students of more than 60 min nap duration per day (A-OR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.45∼3.80]), and age growth (A-OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.01∼1.10]). In contrast, A-ORs were lower among sleeping inconsistency between work and rest days (A-OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.49∼0.75]), accustomed to staying up late (A-OR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.36∼0.57]), staying up late to work or study (A-OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.49∼0.78]), stress (A-OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.58∼0.98]), and repeated thoughts in bed had (A-OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.62∼0.99])., Conclusions: Sleep deprivation is extremely common among healthy college students in China. It is necessary to perform methods maintaining enough sleep due to the current high incidence of sleep deprivation. Controlling the nap duration and getting enough sleep on rest days to replace missing hours of sleep on workdays might improve college students' sleep., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Guo et al.)

The relationships among modern pollen, vegetation, climate and human activities can help improving the reliability of reconstruction of past vegetation, regional climate and human activities based on fossil pollen records. We used a dataset of 114 surface soil pollen samples from natural vegetation (wetlands, forests and grasslands) and human-induced vegetation (farmlands and residences) along the Heilongjiang River basin in northeast China to explore the relationships among modern pollen, vegetation, climate and human activities. The results indicated that surface pollen assemblages differentiated modern vegetation well in natural and human-induced vegetation types. The wetlands were mainly composed of Cyperaceae, along with Artemisia, weeds Poaceae (<35 μm) and Sanguisorba. The forests were predominated by Pinus and Betula. Artemisia, weeds Poaceae (<35 μm) and Chenopodiaceae were the most important pollen taxa in grasslands. The farmlands were characterized by Artemisia, Aster, Chenopodiaceae, cereal Poaceae (>35 μm) and Taraxacum. The pollen assemblages of residences were composed of weeds Poaceae (<35 μm), Chenopodiaceae and Salix. Ordination analyses based on main pollen taxa and climatic variables were used to determine the relationships between pollen and climate, suggesting the surface pollen assemblages were primarily influenced by the mean annual temperature (Tann) in northeast China. The statistical performance of transfer function between pollen and Tann were well indicating the modern pollen assemblages could be reliably used in paleoclimate reconstruction in our study area. Furthermore, human-induced vegetation had high frequencies of human-companion pollen taxa, such as Chenopodiaceae, Aster, Taraxacum and cereal Poaceae (>35 μm). Pollen concentrations of human-induced vegetation were lower than natural vegetation types, which could be used as an indicator of human influence intensity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the heterogeneity of plant litter decomposition in the freeze and freeze-free seasons and the responses to disparate flooded conditions in seasonally frozen wetlands, in situ simulation experiments of litter decomposition were performed in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The experiments were conducted using the litter bag method for representative plants, Carex lasiocarpa and Calamagrostis angustifolia, in both non-flooded and flooded areas between November 2011 and November 2013. Heterogeneous effects of the freeze season and its interaction with hydrological regimes on the decomposition of the litter of various species and organs were observed. The litter decomposition occurred during the freeze season and made a significant contribution to the loss throughout the year. The two-year mass-loss of C. lasiocarpa and C. angustifolia and their organs were ordered differently between the freeze season and the freeze-free season. The proportion of litter mass-loss during the freeze season accounting for the whole year in the flooded area were greater than that in the non-flooded area, except for the C. angustifolia root litter. The litter mass-losses of entire C. lasiocarpa and C. angustifolia during the freeze season were greater than those during the freeze-free season in the flooded area, while the pattern was opposite in the non-flooded area. The effect of environmental factors on litter decomposition might override the effects of litter substrate quality. The total N and P of the litter of the entire C. lasiocarpa and entire C. angustifolia increased significantly relative to the initial values after two years and tended to enrich more in the litter under flooded conditions than under non-flooded conditions. The results highlighted the heterogeneous effects of the freeze season and its interaction with hydrological regimes on various species and organs, which would provide management and restoration options for degraded wetlands caused by climate change., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Okubasca Dworakowska, 1982, formerly treated as a subgenus of Empoasca Walsh, 1862, is elevated to status as a separate genus. Two new species of Okubasca from China are described and illustrated: Okubasca convoluta Yu Yang sp. nov.; Okubasca paracalvata Yu Yang sp. nov. Okubasca convoluta is similar to O. okubella in having the aedeagal shaft about as long as the preatrium but differs in having the aedeagus of uniform thickness in lateral view, the anal tube process straight and the face mostly black. Okubasca paracalvata resembles Okubasca calvata in aedeagal shape, but differs in having a lamellar swelling and a small tooth on the dorsal side of the aedeagus, and the vertex anterior margin rounded.

Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of five new species of the empoascine leafhopper genus Ishiharella Dworakowska (Typhlocybinae: Emposascini): I. dentidensa Yu & Yang, sp. nov., I. falcata Yu, Yang & Dietrich, sp. nov., I. hirsuta Yu, Yang & Dietrich, sp. nov., I. inflata Yu & Yang, sp. nov. and I. multiprotrusa Yu, Yang & Dietrich, sp. nov. are provided and a key to species of the genus is given.

This study characterized the morphological and photosynthetic responses of two wetland plant species when they were subject to 2-6 °C fluctuations in growth temperature and ± 50% of precipitation, in order to predict the evolution of natural wetlands in Sanjiang Plain of North-eastern China. We investigated the morphological and photosynthetic responses of two dominant and competitive boreal freshwater wetland plants in Northeastern China to manipulation of warming (ambient, +2.0 °C, +4.0 °C, +6.0 °C) and altered precipitation (-50%, ambient, +50%) simultaneously by incubating the plants from seedling to senescence within climate-controlled environmental chambers. Post-harvest, secondary growth of C. angustifolia was observed to explore intergenerational effects. The results indicated that C. angustifolia demonstrated a greater acclimated capacity than G. spiculosa to respond to climate change due to higher resistance to temperature and precipitation manipulations. The accumulated effect on aboveground biomass of post-harvest secondary growth of C. angustifolia was significant. These results explain the expansion of C. angustifolia during last 40 years and indicate the further expansion in natural boreal wetlands under a warmer and wetter future. Stability of the natural surface water table is critical for the conservation and restoration of G. spiculosa populations reacting to encroachment stress from C. angustifolia expansion.

Four new species of the empoascine leafhopper genus Alebroides Matsumura are reported from China: A. strumae Yu & Yang, sp. nov., A. chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, sp. nov., A. serrulatus Yu & Yang, sp. nov. and A. spanner Yu & Yang, sp. nov. A list of all Chinese species of the genus is provided.