Search

Combined sewer overflow pollution has gradually become the limiting factor for the further improvement of river water quality during rain events. Setting up a comprehensive regulation method based on synchronous monitoring is essential for combined sewer overflow management. However, current studies mainly focus on single monitoring and lack a correlation between control objectives and control effects. This study establishes a new aspect of a comprehensive regulation and control method based on overflow characteristic analysis, a calculation model, and control target determination. Through synchronous monitoring of the pipe network, the sewage treatment plant, and the river course in the Liangshui River basin of China, rainfall thresholds of outlets in a combined pipe network, pre-treatment overflow, and simple-treatment overflow were 14, 9, and 16 mm, respectively, and the overflow volume was positively correlated with the rainfall. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) concentration from the pre-treatment overflow was much higher than that from the combined pipe network, and the EMC (event mean concentration) in heavy rain was higher than in rainstorms. The shortest time exceeding the water quality by overflow pollution was 1 h, and the longest time was more than 7 days. Overflow load proportions of the three links were 43.4%, 32.8%, and 23.8%, accounting for 66.3% of the total pollutant load of the river, and the best scheme of input–output ratio was to regulate the first three outlets of overflow load. Our results provide comprehensive guidance and a systematic approach for the monitoring and control of combined sewer overflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of emerging porcine viruses, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was found in three continents since it emerged in 2015. It is now thought as the causative agent for congenital tremor type A‐II in piglets. At the end of 2017, two APPV strains were identified from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi and Yunnan, China. The genome of APPV GX04/2017 strain was so far determined to be 11,534 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein comprising 3,635 amino acids. Comparative analysis of ORF, Npro, E2, and NS3 gene sequences revealed that the APPV GX04/2017 strain shares nucleotide sequence identities of 82.8%–92.8% with other APPV strains, while YN01/2017 strain is 79.4%–97.4% homology to the others. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the APPV GX04/2017 and YN01/2017 are two novel APPV strains with the highest homology to each other, and relative high similarity to the APPV 000515 and JX‐JM01 strains in genome sequence. The current findings provide updated information about APPV epidemiology and divergence in China, which would certainly help to establish reliable diagnosis and surveillance programs for APPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon economic operation of integrated energy systems (IES) cannot be separated from the carbon trading and green certificate trading market. Therefore, a low-carbon market mechanism and optimization method for IES is proposed. First, we establish a "green-carbon" offset mechanism to realize the conversion from tradable green certificate (TGC) to carbon quotas to offset system's carbon emissions. Second, considering the impact of market incentives and users' consumption behavior on IES, an energy management method of IES is put forward based on Stackelberg game. IES operators as leaders decide energy prices and trading strategies of carbon, TGC and multi-energy. Energy users as followers participate in the integrated demand response based on energy price. The game is solved by an improved adaptive catastrophic genetic algorithm and CPLEX solver. Finally, we take an industrial park in China as an example to analyze. The results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the system's carbon emissions while improving the benefits for both IES and consumers. • A mechanism is proposed to offset system carbon emissions with green certificates. • An intelligent pricing and optimal method is proposed based on Stackelberg game. • Carbon capture and power-to-gas technology are used to reduce carbon emissions. • Key parameters sensitivity of the offset mechanism is analyzed for specific cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of an economically important swine disease that has devastated the swine industry since the late 1980s. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB by PRRSV infection., Results: We isolated the local strain of PRRSV from southwest China, designated YN-2011, then sequenced and analyzed the genome. YN-2011 was then used to evaluate the interaction of ROS and NF-κB. In PRRSV infected MARC-145 cells, there was a time-dependent increase in ROS and Maleic Dialdehyde (MDA). Accordingly, NF-κB activation was also increased as PRRSV infection progressed. Degradation of IκB mRNA was detected late in PRRSV infection, and overexpression of the dominant negative form of IκBα significantly suppressed NF-κB induced by PRRSV., Conclusions: The results indicate that the generation of ROS is involved in PRRSV replication and this progression is associated with the alteration in NF-κB activity induced by ROS. These results should extend our better understanding the interaction between PRRSV and host MARC-145 cells.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important pathogens for swine industry. The non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) is considered to be one of the immunogenic proteins of PRRSV. In this study, the B-cell epitopes of the Nsp2 protein of a North American type Chinese strain PRRSV BJ-4 were identified on a prokaryotic expressed Nsp2 fragment (73-567aa). A total of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing different epitopes on the expressed protein were prepared. All six mAbs exhibited immunoreactivity with the denatured Nsp2 protein in Western blotting and produced strong perinuclear staining in PRRSV infected MARC-145 cells in an immunofluorescence assay. Pepscan analysis revealed six distinct linear epitopes for the six mAbs, respectively, and of which four were identified to be novel linear Nsp2 B-cell epitopes: T(73)LPERVRPPDDWAT(86), D(385)ELKDQMEED(394), P(452)VPAPRRKVGSDCGS(466), and P(467)VSLGGDVPNS(477). All of the six mAb specific peptides could be recognized by porcine PRRSV antiserum, indicating that the epitopes involving these synthetic peptides were immunogenic and immunodominant during PRRSV infection in pigs. Our results provided valuable information for developing novel PRRSV vaccines using the Nsp2 epitopes as potential serological markers.