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Empirical research conducted in numerous countries provides substantial evidence supporting the pivotal role of cultural capital in comprehending educational inequality. However, the operation of cultural capital varies across certain regions in East Asia due to distinct educational systems. This study integrates micro-level mechanisms of cultural capital, teacher bias, and the Chinese educational system to identify its determinants. Findings from the China Education Panel Survey indicate that families with high socioeconomic status tend to cultivate cultural capital but downplay its importance during critical exams. Teachers tend to favour students with cultural capital, which can indirectly enhance academic performance. However, the standardized examination system ultimately suppresses this effect and leads to an overall negative impact. This study suggests that the educational system plays a pivotal role in determining cultural capital and highlights the necessity for further discussions on its relationship with institutions.

Rapid transit is important for the green development of China's tourism industry because it profoundly affects the optimal structural layout and rational allocation of elements that impact regional tourism. Based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, the entropy weight method, tourism carbon emission measurement model, Super efficiency slacks-based measure model and threshold regression model were used to determine the impact of the rapid transit system on tourism eco-efficiency in China. The findings showed that rapid transit system has increased steadily, while tourism eco-efficiency has fluctuated significantly, and the relative development characteristics of rapid transit system and tourism eco-efficiency gradually changed from "lagging rapid transit system" to "lagging tourism eco-efficiency." In addition, the rapid transit system and the highway and civil aviation have a nonlinear relationship with tourism ecoefficiency, while the high-speed railway has not passed the threshold effect test, and at the regional level, the impacts of rapid transit system have heterogeneous characteristics. As the deepening construction of rapid transit system, its threshold effect on tourism eco-efficiency will change from positive "V" to positive "U" type, promoting the more efficient development of environmentally friendly tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Sichuan case study: Badi Primary School, a semi-agro-pastoral town primary school in Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. Section 1 introduces the context of the town and the school. This is done by analyzing discourses of education policy in the town and the school. Through this analysis I contextualize the hybridity and Tibetan language in Sichuan which is the subject of this study. This section is used as a basis for hybridity policy enactment processes of Tibetan language education policy actors -- agendas -- actions -- artifacts, which is detailed presented in Section 2. Interaction of hybridity in discourses and discursive strategies in this school community is discussed in the final section. Focusing on the concern relating to Hybridity and Tibetan language in Sichuan, Sichuan's Tibetan language education as research site, and discourse theory as analytical tool I also consider the language education policy trajectory over the last 20 years of economic and social change in Sichuan, including the impact of neo-liberalism and marketization on education policy for Tibetans.

A Translational Sociology--Interdisciplinary Politics and Society by Esperança Bielsa in 2023 has aroused our great interest, as the title has explicitly indicated a further fulfillment and development of Translational Sociology from the perspective of interdisciplinary politics and society. The recent decade witnesses how Translational Sociology is well-received in China, the further exploration of translation and society, translation and politics, translation and experience in this book enables more teachers, researchers, and postgraduates in translation study to be fully aware of the diversity, complexity, and modernity of translation as a social practice. Moreover, by reinforcing the core role of translation in mediating language differences in all aspects of social life, questioning simplistic views of cultural homogenization, probing into the identity and transformation, politics and democracy, and the nature of modern experience in translating, this book updates our comprehension of the global characteristics of contemporary society from the perspective of translation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatoma arterial-embolization prognostic (HAP) series scores have been proposed for prognostic prediction in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, their prognostic value in TACE plus sorafenib (TACE-S) remains unknown. Here, we aim to evaluate their prognostic performance in such conditions and identify the best model for this combination therapy. Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2018, consecutive patients with uHCC receiving TACE-S were recruited from 15 tertiary hospitals in China. Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the prognostic values of baseline factors and every scoring system. Their prognostic performance and discriminatory performance were evaluated and confirmed in subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 404 patients were enrolled. In the whole cohort, the median follow-up period was 44.2 (interquartile range (IQR), 33.2-60.7) months, the median overall survival (OS) time was 13.2 months, and 336 (83.2%) patients died at the end of the follow-up period. According to multivariate analyses, HAP series scores were independent prognostic indicators of OS. In addition, the C-index, Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) indicated that modified HAP (mHAP)-III had the best predictive performance. Furthermore, the results remained consistent in most subsets of patients. Conclusion: HAP series scores exhibited good predictive ability in uHCC patients accepting TACE-S, and the mHAP-III score was found to be superior to the other HAP series scores in predicting OS. Future prospective high-quality studies should be conducted to confirm our results and help with treatment decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polled intersex syndrome (PIS) leads to reproductive disorders in goats and exerts a heavy influence on goat breeding. Since 2001, the core variant of an 11.7 kb deletion at ~129 Mb on chromosome 1 (CHI1) has been widely used as a genetic diagnostic criterion. In 2020, a ~0.48 Mb insertion within the PIS deletion was identified by sequencing in XX intersex goats. However, the suitability of this variation for the diagnosis of intersex goats worldwide and its further molecular genetic mechanism need to be clarified. Results: The whole-genome selective sweep of intersex goats from China was performed with whole-genome next-generation sequencing technology for large sample populations and a case–control study on interbreeds. A series of candidate genes related to the goat intersexuality phenotype were found. We further confirmed that a ~0.48 Mb duplicated fragment (including ERG and KCNJ15) downstream of the ~20 Mb PIS region was reversely inserted into the PIS locus in intersex Chinese goats and was consistent with that in European Saanen and Valais black-necked goats. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology was then used to compare the 3D structures of the PIS variant neighborhood in CHI1 between intersex and non-intersex goats. A newly found structure was validated as an intrachromosomal rearrangement. This inserted duplication changed the original spatial structure of goat CHI1 and caused the appearance of several specific loop structures in the adjacent ~20 kb downstream region of FOXL2. Conclusions: Results suggested that the novel complex PIS variant genome was sufficient as a broad-spectrum clinical diagnostic marker of XX intersexuality in goats from Europe and China. A series of private dense loop structures caused by segment insertion into the PIS deletion might affect the expression of FOXL2 or other neighboring novel candidate genes. However, these structures require further in-depth molecular biological experimental verification. In general, this study provided new insights for future research on the molecular genetic mechanism underlying female-to-male sex reversal in goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the association between the special subsidy policy and the mental health of loss/disability-of-single-child parents (LCPs/DCPs) in China and found that accepting the special subsidy is inversely related to the mental health of LCPs and DCPs. In addition, accepting the subsidy is more inversely related to the mental health of LCPs than DCPs, of rural parents than urban parents, of male parents than female parents, and of loss/disability-of-single-son parents than loss/disability-of-single-daughter parents. According to taboo trade-off theory, we proposed several explanations for the finding and put forward some policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sanxingdui Moon Bay City Wall, in China, is built of pale-yellow sand and yellow-brown clay, and the yellow-brown layers are suffering severely. In order to discuss the desiccation cracks in a section of this wall, this paper conducts evaporation tests in laboratory and observes the variations in the characteristics of the boundary conditions of the bottom surface of the sample. The results show that the boundary conditions of the bottom surface of the sample consist of two free boundaries, two sliding boundaries, and one fixed boundary from the outside to the inside. During the drying process, the free boundary extends, but the fixed boundary shrinks; the sliding boundary also remains basically stable. We obtain the surface tensile stress distribution under different boundary conditions through stress analysis and deduce that the tensile stress distribution has a trapezoidal pattern. Moreover, we calculate the lower limit on the crack spacing of the sample using the energy method, and the double of the sum of the maximum sliding boundary length and the free boundary length is the upper limit to the crack spacing. Maintaining the stability of the soil moisture content of the site is the main factor in the protection of the earthen archaeological site under the humid conditions of the museum above the site. In order to reduce the water evaporation rate of the soil, the surface of the site should be coated by a protectant, the main determining features of which are permeability, tensile strength, and compatibility with the earthen site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-related ecosystem services (WESs) arise from the interaction between water ecosystems and their surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. They are critical for human well-being as well as for the whole ecological circle. An urgent service-oriented reform for the utilization and supervision of WESs can assist in avoiding ecological risks and achieving a more sustainable development in the Taihu Basin, China (THB). Spatially distributed models allow the multiple impacts of land use/land cover conversion and climate variation on WESs to be estimated and visualized efficiently, and such models can form a useful component in the toolbox for integrated water ecosystem management. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model is used here to evaluate and visualize the spatio-temporal evolution of WESs in the THB from 2000 to 2010. Results indicate that water retention service experienced a decline from 2000 to 2005 with a recovery after 2005, while there was ongoing water scarcity in urban areas. Both the water purification service and the soil retention service underwent a slight decrease over the study period. Nutrients export mainly came from developed land and cultivated land, with the hilly areas in the south of the THB forming the primary area for soil loss. The quantity and distribution of WESs were impacted significantly by the shrinkage of cultivated land and the expansion of developed land. These findings will lay a foundation for a service-oriented management of WESs in the THB and support evidence-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome sequence of Chodsigoa hoffmanni was determined using long PCR. The genome was 17,138 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, one origin of L strand replication, and one control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is A (32.8%), C (24.4%), T (29.8%), and G (13.0%). The base compositions present clearly the A–T skew, which is most obviously in the control region and protein-coding genes. Mitochondrial genome analyses based on MP, ML, NJ, and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees. Chodsigoa hoffmanni is the first species to have been reported on the mitochondrial genome in Chodsigoa genus. This study verifies the evolutionary status of C. hoffmanni in Soricidae at the molecular level. The mitochondrial genome would be a significant supplement for the C. hoffmanni genetic background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Permian magmatic rocks in the West Junggar Terrane (WJT, NW China) contain crucial information about the final closure of the Junggar-Balkhash Ocean (JBO) in the southwestern Altaids, whereas their tectonic settings are inconclusive. In this study, we conduct an integrated study incorporating the geochronology, geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes of a set of volcanic and intrusive rocks from the northwestern Barleik Mountains in the central WJT. Zircon U Pb ages of eight volcanic and felsic–intermediate intrusive samples are ∼292–281 Ma, corresponding to a regional magmatic flare-up in the central WJT. The volcanic samples include rhyolitic tuff, andesitic tuff, and rhyolitic andesite, characterized by high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic I-type granite features. They yield positive ε Hf (t) values with a narrow range of 9.40–13.52 and two-stage model ages from 421 Ma to 672 Ma. Above isotopic features, in combination with their relatively low Mg# values of 25–35, demonstrate that they were generated by partial melting of the juvenile lower crust. Felsic intrusive rocks include peraluminous I-type granitic porphyry and A 2 -type K-feldspar granite, and their low Mg# values (21–35) and trace element ratios suggest the partial melting from lower crustal rocks. By contrast, intermediate intrusive rocks include monzonite, diorite and a dioritic dyke, which represent fractionated partial melts sourced from the underplated depleted mantle-derived magma. Based on the occurrence of I-type and A 2 -type rocks, together with the coeval extensional strike-slip fault systems and a late Carboniferous angular unconformity, we infer that the early Permian magmatism in the central WJT resulted from an extensional post-accretionary setting. Taken together with similar geological evidence from the WJT and East Kazakhstan, the final closure of the JBO is suggested to occur in the late Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fishery quota management system is an output control fishery management mode based on ecological characteristics of the fishery resource under the historical context of overfishing-caused fishery crises and the failure of traditional input control management. This system depends on total allowable catch and has been successfully implemented in Iceland, New Zealand and other countries. Chinese researchers hold different views on the legal characteristics of the quota system, but the majority identify the characteristics as quasi-property. Based on the biological nature of the resources and substance of the system, international and domestic quota systems can achieve substantial results only when they strictly follow the joint obligation of remaining below the total allowable catch and the obligation shall be performed by limited access, strengthening supervision and other means to realize sustainable use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baiyangdian Lake is the biggest natural freshwater wetland in North China Plain. It provides important ecosystem services such as water regulation and supply, reed production and biodiversity protection. Baiyangdian Lake, however, was threatened by lack of freshwater in recent decades. In this paper, the hydrological changes of the lake were quantified using historical data of water level and groundwater table, and satellite images. In addition, the relationship between water level and socioeconomic development of the basin was investigated. The result revealed a significant decreasing trend of water level in the lake. Water level and groundwater table of Baiyangdian Lake decreased rapidly, caused by the great increase of water withdrawal and consumption due to socioeconomic development in the basin. In particular, population growth and the expansion of irrigated agriculture were two major contributors to the decline of water level and groundwater table. While precipitation was positively correlated with water level, it has less impact on water level and groundwater table than human activities. The diversion of water to the lake raised the water level temporarily and had significant benefits on the wetland ecosystem. The best way to solve ecological problems of Baiyangdian Lake, however, is to control the growth of population, adjust the industrial structure, control land use conversion and improve water use efficiency at the basin scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the direct effects of sulphate and black carbon (BC) aerosols in China on East Asia monsoons and its precipitation processes by using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) 3.0 model. It is demonstrated that sulphate and BC aerosols in China both have the effects to weaken East Asia monsoons in both summer and winter seasons. However, they certainly differ from each other in affecting vertical structures of temperature and atmospheric circulations. Their differences are expected because of their distinct optical properties, that is, scattering versus absorbing. Even for a single type of aerosol, its effects on temperature structures and atmospheric circulations are largely season-dependent. Applications of T-test on our results indicate that forcing from BC aerosols over China is relatively weak and limited. It is also evident from our results that the effects of synthetic aerosols (sulphate and BC together) on monsoons are not simply a linear summation between these two types of aerosols. Instead, they are determined by their integrated optical properties. Synthetic aerosols to a large degree resemble effects of sulphate aerosols. This implies a likely scattering property for the integration of BC and sulphate aerosols in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to characterize mangrove-derived organic matters in wetland sediments and to establish a quantitative differentiation between mangrove-derived organic matter and other organic matter source(s) in the Zhangjiang Estuary mangrove wetland, southern China. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and stable carbon isotopic compositions were measured in surface sediments, three sediment cores (in pure forest of Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Avicennia marina, respectively), and mangrove plant samples collected from mangrove wetlands. A mixing model was applied to calculate the contribution of the mangrove-derived organic matter in sediment. The mangrove-derived organic matter in three sediment cores from the mangrove wetland were distinguished quantitatively. Our results indicated that organic matter preserved in the sediments was not predominantly composed of the mangrove-derived organic matter in the study areas. The in situ contribution of mangrove plant carbon to sediment organic matter differed between the three core samples. The composition of the mangrovederived organic matter is 6.36%, on average, in K. candel pure forest, which is much lower than the values in A. marina and A. corniculatum pure forest (21.95% and 36.88%, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aims of our study were to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the dental plaque of Chinese children aged 3–6 years by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to investigate the relationship between this infection and the occurrence of dental caries or oral hygiene index. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen children from a kindergarten in Guangzhou City of China were evaluated. The children's plaques were assessed by plaque indices of Quigley–Hein. Dental plaque was analyzed using nested PCR for two sets of primers directed to the 860-bp fragment of H. pylori genomic DNA, which have been reported to be highly sensitive and specific by other researchers. Results: H. pylori was detected in dental plaque samples from 126 children, and 70 children with dental caries carried H. pylori in dental plaque. Of these children without infection, only 36 of 88 suffered dental caries. Besides, the average dental plaque index of 126 H. pylori-positive children was higher than that of 88 children without infection. In the present study, there was a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and dental caries or dental hygiene. Conclusion: The oral cavity may be a reservoir for H. pylori infection in children. H. pylori in dental plaque may play a role in the occurrence of dental caries, and poor oral hygiene may represent a risk factor for H. pylori in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an important industrial chemical and an environmental and occupational pollutant. The carcinogenicity of BD in rodents has been proved, but its carcinogenic and mutagenic molecular mechanism(s) are not fully elucidated in humans. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we compared the mutation frequencies and exon deletions of BD-exposed workers with that of control subjects in China to identify the characteristic mutations associated with BD exposure in the human HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase) gene. METHODS: Seventy-four workers exposed to BD via inhalation and 157 matched controls were evaluated in Nanjing, China. Molecular analysis of HPRT mutant T lymphocytes from BDexposed workers and nonexposed control subjects was conducted to identify changes in the structure of the HPRT gene. A total of 783 HPRT mutants were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in which 368 HPRT mutants were isolated from BD-exposed workers and 415 mutants from control subjects. RESULTS: The BD-exposed workers showed a higher mutation frequency (18.2 ± 9.4 × 10-6) than the control subjects (12.7 ± 7.3 × 10-6), but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The frequency of exon deletions in BD-exposed workers (27.4%) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (12.5%) (p < 0.05), which mainly included multiplex exon deletions (2-8 exons). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that BD should increase the frequency of large deletions of HPRT gene in human lymphocytes This change confirms and supports the previous findings in BD-exposed workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities have had a great impact on the characteristics of watershed pollution. The Pearl River basin is the third largest river in China, but it has been affected by eutrophication impact for a long time. This study comprehensively evaluated the nutrient pollution characteristics of the Pearl River basin from 2016 to 2018. The result shows that the ratio of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), TN/TP was 24.7 of the Pearl River basin, which indicated that phosphorus was the restrictive factor for eutrophication problems. The limitation of TP maybe caused that TN is difficult to decrease through denitrification and nitrification. The fluxes of TN and TP remained stable in recent 20 years, and the flux of TN and TP transferred from the Pearl River basin to the ocean was 6.86×105 and 2.84×104 t in 2017, respectively. The Pearl River estuary had the largest discharge, accounting for more than 40% of the Pearl River basin. The TN in the West River and North River had a high pollution load, while TP pollution in the East River was very serious. It is necessary to establish an effective mechanism to control nitrogen and phosphorus. A large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus caused the decrease of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the increase of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which aggravated eutrophication. This study of nutrient elements fluxes and distribution in the Pearl River Basin are one of the important prerequisites for clarifying the causes of eutrophication, providing data and theoretical support for further water pollution control and water environmental protection in the future, and also providing a basis for pollution control decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danhong injection (DHI)，which is extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae and Flos carthami ，has been widely prescribed to patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in China. However, a high quality clinical trial is needed. To determine whether DHI can relieve symptoms of transient myocardial ischemia in patients with unstable angina pectoris. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in nine hospitals in China. Inpatients with UAP with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) were randomized 1:1 to receive DHI or placebo. The primary outcome was improvement rate in the quantification score of angina pectoris. Secondary outcomes included blood stasis syndrome scale, nitrates use, electrocardiogram recordings, PCI procedures, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and biochemical indexes. 160 participants were enrolled and 159 were analyzed. There was no significant difference in primary outcome as compared with control group at the end of 7-day treatment, but significant difference at 28-day follow up (70.53% [95% CI, 59.97–81.09%] and 54.34% [95% CI, 42.68–65.99%]; P = 0.0423). The BSS score was significantly lower in the DHI group than that in the control group at day 28 (6.49 [6.96] vs 10.53 [9.07], P = 0.0034). In addition, DHI was significantly superior to placebo in the angina stability score of SAQ (91.10 [17.37] versus 78.21 [22.08], P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in other secondary outcome measures. A small decrease in the total effective rate and an increase in the angina stability score were observed 28 days after implementation of DHI in UAP with a total blood stasis syndrome score decrease, but the efficacy was not observed at day 7. The findings support that DHI may potentially relieve clinical symptoms and can benefit angina stability. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02007187. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the miss rate for colorectal flat adenomas during colonoscopy and the risk factors., Methods: Flat adenomas are frequently missed during colonoscopy. However, the risk factors that influence their miss rates are unclear. This was a multicenter, retrospective study in which patients diagnosed with colorectal adenomas at a diagnostic colonoscopy and followed within 3 mo by a second therapeutic colonoscopy were pooled out from the established database. The "per-patient" and "per-adenoma" adenoma miss rates (AMR) for overall adenomas and flat adenomas, and patient-, adenoma-, and procedure-related risk factors potentially associated with the "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas were determined., Results: Chromoscopy and high-definition colonoscopy were not taken under consideration in the study. Among 2093 patients with colorectal adenomas, 691 (33.0%) were diagnosed with flat adenomas, 514 with concomitant protruding adenomas and 177 without. The "per-patient" AMR for flat adenomas was 43.3% (299/691); the rates were 54.3% and 11.3%, respectively, for those with protruding adenomas and those without (OR = 9.320, 95%CI: 5.672-15.314, χ (2) = 99.084, P < 0.001). The "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas was 44.3% (406/916). In multivariate analysis, older age, presence of concomitant protruding adenomas, poor bowel preparation, smaller adenoma size, location at the right colon, insufficient experience of the colonoscopist, and withdrawal time < 6 min were associated with an increased "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas. The AMR for flat adenomas was moderately correlated with that for overall adenomas (r = 0.516, P < 0.0001). The AMR for flat adenomas during colonoscopy was high., Conclusion: Patient's age, concomitant protruding adenomas, bowel preparation, size and location of adenomas, proficiency of the colonoscopist, and withdrawal time are factors affecting the "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas.