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The AGA Indices method and weaver indices method are typical overseas interchangeability discriminant methods. Under the background of interchangeability of multi-source natural gas in Shanghai, the pipeline gas in lab is used as reference gas, the AGA Indices (IL, IF, IY) and Weaver Indices (JH, JA, JF, JL, JI, JY) of all kinds of substitute gas were calculated. The interchangeability of reference gas and substitute gas was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Finally, compared tests with the calculation results, analyzed and discussed the domestic applicability of two indices methods. The tests proved AGA Indices method could well predicted interchangeability but did not give the emission index of CO, while Weaver Indices could well predict flame-out, backfire and heat load change but did not accurately reflect yellow flame and CO emission. Therefore, in order to reflect completely the results of interchangeability by pure index methods, it is necessary to analyze the interchangeability combining domestic reality with two indices methods. Nowadays experiment is still an essential way for identifying interchangeability. And gas interchangeability should not be confused with gas classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study was designed to investigate the original spectrum of feline respiratory tract infection and to provide a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of feline respiratory infections and for precise prevention and control measures. A total of 400 cats with upper respiratory tract infections from animal hospitals in 12 provinces in China were examined from November 2022 to October 2023 to investigate the epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpes virus type 1 (FHV-1), influenza A virus (IAV), Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydia felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica through loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with microfluidic chip detection. The results showed that 396 of the 400 samples tested were positive for at least one of these pathogens, with an overall detection rate of 99.00%. The detection rates were as follows: FCV, 36.00% (144/400); M. felis, 34.00% (136/400); FHV-1, 21.50% (86/400); C. felis, 15.75% (63/400); B. b, 13.00% (52/400); IAV, 4.50% (18/400). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates of respiratory pathogens between different sexes, ages, seasons, breeds, or regions (P > 0.05). There were 88 mixed infections, giving a total mixed infection rate of 22.00% (88/400). It is worth noting that the detection rate of FCV at different ages and of FHV-1 in different sexes showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The highest rate of FCV infection was found in animals that were 1 to 2 years old, and the rate of FHV-1 infection in male cats was higher than that in female cats. The results showed that the spectrum of feline respiratory pathogens is complex, with diverse epidemiological characteristics and mixed infections, and some differences among different respiratory pathogens were found with regard to the sex, age, and breed of the cat. Studies should be continued to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of feline respiratory diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)