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The aim of the present study was to determine the major anthocyanins of blueberry extracts from northeast China and explore their vision health improvement effects. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS results suggested that six different anthocyanins were accurately identified, among which the Cy-3-glu (C3G) was the most abundant, ranging from 376.91 ± 7.91 to 763.70 ± 4.99 μM. The blueberry extract contained a higher purity of anthocyanins, and the anthocyanosides reached 342.98 mg/kg. The anti-oxidative stress function of C3G on HG-treated ARPE-19 cells were evaluated, and showed that the GSSG level of HG-cells pretreated with 10 μM C3G was significantly decreased, while the Nrf2 and NQO1 gene expression levels were increased. Further molecular docking (MD) results indicated that the C3G displayed favorable binding affinity towards REDD1, and only the B-ring of the C3G molecule displayed binding interactions with the CYS-140 amino acids within the REDD1 protein. It implied that the oxidative stress amelioration effects of C3G on the ARPE-19 cells were related to the REDD1 protein, which was probably via the Nrf2 pathways, although further studies are needed to provide mechanism evidence. The present study provides novel insights into understanding the roles of blueberry anthocyanins in ameliorating oxidative stress-induced BRB damage in the retina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the influences of five typical dietary oils (i.e., palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO; sunflower oil, SO; and linseed oil, LN) consumption on the nutrients malabsorption were studied using adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Results suggested that the C16:0 (24.534 ± 2.26% to 54.269 ± 1.28%) and C18:0 (18.433 ± 4.421% to 36.455 ± 3.316%) were the dominant fatty acids in fecal samples in different groups. After 6-week intervention by different dietary oils, the fecal moisture and water soluble protein content in PO group, the reducing sugar content in PO, LO, and RO groups were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p < .05). Moreover, the Na, K, and Fe contents in LO group were all the highest among the all groups. These effects were probably due to the different fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. The different effects were probably due to their distinct fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. Results further indicated that the different dietary oils treatment, especially for the PO (SFAs, 43.17 ± 0.98%) and LO (SFAs, 36.44 ± 0.65%), increased the upstream inflammatory cytokine expression level in the Toll-like receptor signal pathway (i.e., TLR4 and MyD88), enhancing the gut permeability. This resulted in significant increase of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels (p < .05), which was closely connected with different metabolic diseases. The present study may provide basic understandings about different dietary oil enteral nutrition and their effects on gut health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The PO, LO, RO, SO, and LN are the five of the most typical dietary lipids in Asia countries, especially in China. They are the natural edible oils which are rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2ω6, and C18:3ω3, respectively. The present study indicated that the different dietary lipid consumption may result in different dietary nutrients malabsorption, which are related with the dietary lipid fatty acid composition., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)