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With the implementation of China's carbon-peaking and carbon-neutrality strategy, new energy will achieve leapfrog growth. Due to the good economics of distributed new-energy generation, it can not only save users' own investment, but also help to achieve local consumption of new energy. However, it will also bring about a series of incremental costs to the power grid. This paper first enumerates the concept, development status and scheduling mode of a distributed new-energy storage system. Based on the above, it establishes a new-energy power generation model and an energy storage system charging and discharging model, and proposes a global optimization scheduling model for a distributed new-energy storage system, considering the time-of-use electricity price and taking the lowest total operating cost of the distributed new-energy power generation system as the objective function. Finally, it proposes a distribution network incremental cost analysis model based on the penetration of distributed new energy. The calculation results show that the incremental cost of grid-connected distributed new energy is 1.0849, 1.2585 and 1.3473 yuan/kWh, respectively, which indicates that the global dispatching model can optimize the power consumption structure of a distributed power generation system, and has the function of peak shaving and valley filling, but the incremental cost of the distribution network will also increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrotinib, an irreversible pan‐ErbB inhibitor, has been approved for treating HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer in China. We conducted a nationwide, prospective observational study to examine the real‐world data of pyrotinib‐based therapy in this population. Patients from 61 sites across China were included. Pyrotinib‐based regimens were prescribed at local physician's discretion. Demographics, treatment patterns, prognosis and safety were evaluated. The primary outcome was real‐world progression‐free survival (rwPFS). Of 1129 patients, pyrotinib‐based therapy was prescribed as first‐, second‐ and third‐ or later‐line treatment in 437 (38.7%), 476 (42.2%) and 216 (19.1%) patients, respectively. Median rwPFS (mrwPFS) was 14.3 (95% CI, 13.3‐15.2) months in the total population, with the longest mrwPFS of 17.8 (95% CI, 15.2‐24.9) months in the first‐line setting, followed by 14.4 (95% CI, 12.9‐15.3) months in the second‐line setting. Patients with third‐ or later‐line treatment also achieved a mrwPFS of 9.3 (95% CI, 8.4‐11.8) months. Patients with trastuzumab‐ or trastuzumab‐pertuzumab‐treated disease achieved a mrwPFS of 14.3 and 13.6 months, respectively. Dual HER2 blockade with pyrotinib plus trastuzumab showed a mrwPFS of 16.2 months in the total population, with data not mature in the first‐line setting. For patients with baseline brain metastases, the mrwPFS was 11.7 months. The most common adverse event was diarrhea (any grade, 73.5%; grade ≥ 3, 15.3%). In real world, pyrotinib‐based therapy shows promising effectiveness in the first‐, as well as second‐ and later‐line treatment, with acceptable tolerability. Further investigations regarding front‐line use or novel combinations of pyrotinib might facilitate to maximize its anti‐tumor potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and West. However, few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of China. In this study, we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China (n = 110) on material from the key site of Tianshanbeilu, in eastern Xinjiang. The large range of δ13C values (–17.6‰ to –7.2‰; –15.5 ± 1.2‰) provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant C4 resources (millets). The high δ15N results (10.3‰ to 16.7‰; 14.7 ± 0.8‰) likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the Taklamakan Desert. Radiocarbon dates from four individuals indicate Tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and 1215 cal bc. The Tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia, to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human migration. This isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period, with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China, Central Asia and Siberia. Further, we argue that this 'Isotopic Millet Road' extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe, and conclude that these C4 dietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links (migration and/or resource transfer) between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Pesticides are pollutants of high concern in drinking water. Several approaches aimed to promote pesticide risk management in drinking water have been brought forward by diverse ways, however, these methods usually take too many indicators into consideration, which are complex and non-universal. In this study, a more focused and data driven ranking model was proposed for the purpose of development of the priority control list in drinking water. By determining three parameters including the total health risks of dietary exposure pathways, drinking water contribution rates, and the drinking water health risks, pesticides could be divided into four categories including the priority control list, secondary control list, candidate control list, and non-regulatory list. As a case study, the proposed model was implemented for 23 pesticides detected in drinking water from 36 major cities across China during two major science and technology program for water pollution control and treatment. Totally 13 kinds of pesticides including carbofuran, dicofol, chlorpyrifos, 2,4-D, acetochlor, deltamethrin, dimethoate, heptachlor, parathion, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane and atrazine are selected for priority control, methyl parathion, dichlorvos and chlorothalonil are recommended for secondary control, butachlor and malathion are classified into candidate control list, and fenobucarb is suggested to be removed from the pesticide control list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The genetic diversity analysis of 90 barley samples, including 45 wild close relatives of barley from the Tibet region of China and 45 wild accessions from different countries throughout the Middle East, were carried out using ISSR and SSR markers. The results showed that Tibetan wild close relatives of barley had a higher genetic diversity than those from the Middle East. Ten ISSR primers amplified 91 allelic variants, of which 79 were polymorphic (86.81%), in the Tibetan genotypes and 82 allelic variants, of which 66 were polymorphic (80.49%), in the Middle East genotypes. Eleven primer pairs of SSR markers amplified 100 allelic variants among the Tibetan genotypes with 100 polymorphic bands (100%). Among the Middle East genotypes, 78 allelic variants were produced containing 77 polymorphic bands (98.72%). Moreover, the total gene diversity analysis (HT) values of Tibetan barley (0.227 for ISSRs and 0.126 for SSRs) were higher than those of Middle East (0.212 for ISSRs and 0.102 for SSRs). Cluster analysis of the ISSR and SSR results by the UPGMA method revealed two distinct groups correlated with the geographic origin of sampling. These results offer a new evidence for the theory of the origin of Hordeum vulgare L. To cite this article: A. Wang et al., C. R. Biologies 332 (2009). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper takes the Linxing area of the eastern margin of Ordos Basin as an example. Based on the data of reservoir fluid inclusions (FI) and combined with the history of buried thermal history in Linxing area, the main effects of magmatism on the gas accumulation time, accumulation period, gas accumulation dynamics and accumulation pattern are studied. The vitrinite reflectance (Ro) in source rocks of Zijinshan tectonic area is higher than that in gentle tectonic area. The closer to Zijinshan pluton, the more it tends to single period natural gas charging, the earlier time of gas charging. The characteristics of natural gas accumulation are evidently regional and zonal. Gas accumulation in gentle tectonic area conforms to the law of "gas accumulation in near source reservoir is earlier than remote source reservoir". The gas generated from the source rocks in the lower formation of the Zijinshan tectonic area reached the upper formation rapidly through the faults and fractures caused by the uplift of the Zijinshan pluton, and the accumulation interval time between the near source and remote source formation is relatively short. The Zijinshan tectonic area is the long-term high-pressure area and high-fluid potential area. The fluid potential in gentle tectonic area is low, and the fluid potential difference between the north and south is the motive force to promote the long distance lateral migration of gas. Zijinshan tectonic area is the hydrocarbon generation center and driving force source area, and gas accumulated rapidly from bottom to top. The features of gas accumulation in gentle tectonic area are dominated by vertical accumulation, supplemented by lateral supplementation. Since the Late Cretaceous, a large number of deep faults have been caused by the strong uplift of Zijinshan pluton, and a large number of natural gas are scattered through the faults and the reservoirs are destroyed. The faults in gentle tectonic area are not developed, and the natural gas preservation conditions are good, with good exploration prospects. • Although the role of Zijinshan pluton control of natural gas accumulation in the Linxing area has been noticed, it is limited to the representational description of the present phenomenon. It does not clarify the specific influence process and mechanism. In this paper, the inclusion analysis technique is mainly used to solve a series of problems of natural gas accumulation in the Linxing area under the action of magmatism. After studying the gas accumulation period, accumulation dynamics, and accumulation process, the characteristics of natural gas reservoir-forming in Linxing area are obviously regional and can be divided into the magmatic control area, the transition area, and the normal burial control area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP)-based regimens are recommended for human epidermal receptor-positive (HER2 +)/lymph node-positive (N +) breast cancer (BC) patients according to NCCN guidelines, it is undeniable that many patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after trastuzumab (H)-based regimens without adding pertuzumab to treatment. Patients who specifically benefit from pertuzumab must be identified. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate progesterone receptor (PR) status as a predictor of response to the addition of pertuzumab in HER2 + /N + breast cancer., Methods: One hundred forty-two patients who were diagnosed as HER2 + /N + BC without distant metastasis and followed by neoadjuvant HP-based or H-based therapy were retrospectively included. The endpoints were pCR and disease-free survival (DFS) times., Results: In total, the pCR occurred in 25 of 87 patients (28.74%) in group H compared with 32 of 55 (58.18%) in group HP. The results revealed that hormone receptor (HR) status was significantly different on pCR in group HP. The odds of pCR for patients who have HR-positive tumors were 0.160 times (P = 0.011) that for patients with HR-negative tumors by multivariable analysis. Moreover, a similar probability of PR-positive (PR +) patients, whatever estrogen receptor (ER) status was, achieving pCR in group HP was observed. The ROC curves showed different anti-HER2 regimens provide worst predictive value in the PR + cohort (N = AUC = 0.521, 95% CI: 0.348-0.694, P = 0.813) compared with the overall cohort (AUC = 0.644, 95% CI: 0.550-0.738, P = 0.004) and ER + cohort (AUC: 0.559, 95% CI: 0.405-0.713, P = 0.451). And PR status (AUC = 0.760, 95% CI: 0.626-0.894, P = 0.001) had a greater predictive value than ER status (AUC = 0.658, 95% CI: 0.508-0.807, P = 0.048) in group HP. DFS analyses were done on 141 patients. Although ER and PR status did not show significant difference in group HP (P = 0.789 and 0.088, respectively), HP-based therapy contributed to better DFS in the ER - and PR - cohorts (P = 0.035 and 0.015, respectively)., Conclusions: Compared with ER status, PR status might be a more valuable factor predicting the efficacy of adding pertuzumab into neoadjuvant therapy for HER2 + /N + BC. PR + patients benefit little from the addition of pertuzumab., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

The previous studies had demonstrated the promising effectiveness and acceptable safety of pyrotinib in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the real-world data of pyrotinib in complex clinical practice and complement the findings of clinical trials. Two hundred and eighteen patients were included for effectiveness analysis. A total of 62.0% had received two or more lines of systematic therapy, and 95.4% had been exposed to prior anti-HER2 therapy, with 95.4% receiving trastuzumab, 5.0% receiving pertuzumab, and 40.8% receiving lapatinib. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months and the objective response rate (ORR) was 44.0%. Patients treated with pyrotinib-based therapy as first, second, or later line had a median PFS of 15.0, 10.3, and 6.8 months, respectively. Patients treated with pyrotinib and trastuzumab received significant benefit in terms of median PFS compared with pyrotinib alone (10.7 (9.1-12.3) vs. 8.8 (8.1-9.5), p = 0.016). Patients pretreated with lapatinib had a median PFS of 6.9 months. The median PFS time was 7.0 months in patients with brain metastasis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that lines of pyrotinib-based therapy (1 vs. 2 vs. ≥3), prior treatment with lapatinib, and combination treatments with trastuzumab proved to be independent predictors of PFS. Two hundred and forty-eight patients were included in the safety analysis, and the results showed that the toxicity of pyrotinib was tolerable, with the most common grade 3/4 adverse event being diarrhea (19.8%). Pyrotinib-based therapy demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity in first-, second-, and later-line treatments and in lapatinib-treated patients. The combination of pyrotinib and trastuzumab showed advantages in PFS, even for patients resisting trastuzumab. Pyrotinib-based therapy could be the preferred choice for brain metastasis patients, especially when combined with brain radiotherapy., (© 2021 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lapatinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who received lapatinib for salvage treatment at any line setting from January 1, 2007 to August 31, 2019 at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute., Results: A total of 115 (89.1%) patients were included in the study. In the overall cohort, the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 19.0 months; the median progression-free survival (PFS), 6.3 months; and median overall survival (OS), 88.0 months, with 32.2% of patients alive at 5 years. In the second line setting, the median PFS among trastuzumab, lapatinib, and trastuzumab plus lapatinib were 4.2 months, 5.2 months, and 7.3 months, respectively ( P = 0.004). No significant differences between the median PFSs and OSs of the different line salvage treatments with lapatinib was observed (all P > 0.05). For brain metastasis patients, the median PFSs in first line, second line, and more than 3 lines were 7.2 months, 4.5 months, and 6.3 months, respectively., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients would benefit more from trastuzumab plus lapatinib than from lapatinib or trastuzumab alone for second line treatment in the advanced stages of the disease. Lapatinib could be used as an alternative selection for HER2-positive metastasic breast cancer patients when there is disease progression after trastuzumab or pyrotinib treatment, which is used as part of China's national health insurance.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of malignant tumor with higher recurrence and metastasis rate. According to historical records, the dry rhizomes Cyperus rotundus L. could be ground into powder and mixed with ginger juice and wine for external application for breast cancer. We studied the effect of the ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus L. (EECR) on TNBC cells and found its' apoptosis-inducing effect with a dose-relationship. But the function mechanism of EECR on TNBC is still mysterious. Hence, the present research aimed to detect its function mechanism at the small molecule level through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) metabolomics., Methods: The CCK-8 assay and the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay were applied to test the effect of EECR on MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB 468 cells at various concentrations of 0, 200, 400, and 600 μg/ml. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based metabolomics was used between the control group and the EECR treatment groups. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to visualize the apoptosis-inducing action of EECR and filtrate significantly changed metabolites., Results: The apoptosis-inducing action was confirmed and forty-nine significantly changed metabolites (VIP > 1, p < 0.05, and FC > 1.2 or FC < 0.8) were identified after the interference of EECR. The level of significant differential metabolites between control group, middle dose group, and high dose group were compared and found that which supported the apoptosis-inducing action with dose-dependence., Conclusion: By means of metabolism, we have detected the mechanism of EECR inducing apoptosis of TNBC cells at the level of small molecule metabolites and found that EECR impacted the energy metabolism of TNBC cells. In addition, we concluded that EECR induced apoptosis by breaking the balance between ATP-production and ATP-consumption: arresting the pathways of Carbohydrate metabolism such as Central carbon metabolism in cancer, aerobic glycolysis, and Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, whereas accelerating the pathways of ATP-consumption including Amino Acids metabolism, Fatty acid metabolism, Riboflavin metabolism and Purine metabolism. Although further study is still needed, EECR has great potential in the clinical treatment of TNBC with fewer toxic and side effects.

Objective: To identify the potential risk factors for acute mastitis during lactation comprehensively. Subsequently, to evaluate logistic regression model in predicting the risk of lactational mastitis in Chinese women by applying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Methods: A case-control study among Chinese women enrolled 652 patients with mastitis and 581 healthy women with breastfeeding experience as control. The retrospective information was obtained by questionnaires that included medical history of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and breastfeeding behaviors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were performed to investigate the relationship between these factors and the occurrence of lactational mastitis. Using ROC curve to evaluate the prognostic value of these selected indicators in the risk of acute mastitis., Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the primiparity (P < 0.001), mastitis in previous breastfeeding (P < 0.001), nipple's heteroplasia (P < 0.001), cracked nipple (P < 0.001), breast trauma by external force (P = 0.002), lateral position (P = 0.007), breast pump (P = 0.039), nipple sucking (P = 0.007), sleep with sucking (P = 0.007), and tongue-tie (P = 0.013) were risk variables independently and significantly related with mastitis. While vaginal delivery (P = 0.015), clean nipple before breastfeeding (P = 0.015), first contact with child within 1 h (P = 0.027) were protective factors. The ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of model 2 was 0.8122 (95%CI = 0.7885-0.8360), which stated that the model presented a high sensitivity and specificity., Conclusion: By means of collecting and summarizing the risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast mastitis in Chinese women, we established risk discriminant model to identify and warn the individuals susceptible to acute mastitis early, which will allow practitioners to provide appropriate management advice and effective individual care., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

The gap between the growing demand for available organs and the cadaveric organs facilitates the adoption of living donor liver transplantation. We retrospectively identified and evaluated the post-operative complications as per the modified Clavien classification system in 152 living liver donors at at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University between December, 2006 and June, 2014. Post-operative complications were observed in 61 patients (40.1%) in the present study, but no mortality was reported. Complications developed in 58 (40.0%) right, 1 (33.3%) left, and 2 (66.7%) lateral left hepatectomy donors. The prevalence of re-operation was 1.3%. Grade I and II complications were observed in 38 (25.0%) and 11 (7.2%) donors, respectively. Grade IIIa complications developed in 9 (5.9%) donors and only 3 (2.0%) patients reported grade IIIb complications. The most common complication was pleural effusion that occurred in 31 (20.4%) donors. No significant prognostic baseline factor was identified in this study. In conclusion, living donors experienced various complications, which were usually mild and had a good prognosis.

A rapid method for analyzing trace levels of chlormequat (CQ) in meat samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by a rapid cleanup through a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) technique with octadecyl (C18) DSPE sorbents. The chromatographic separation was achieved within 6 min using a HILIC column with 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water/acetonitrile (v/v, 40:60) as the mobile phase. Quantification was performed using a matrix-matched calibration curve, which was linear in the range of the 0.05-100 μg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated at 0.03 μg/kg for CQ on the basis of a peak to peak signal noise (S/N = 3). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1 μg/kg on the basis of the lowest spiked concentration with suitable precision and accuracy. The average recovery of CQ in spiked meat samples was 86.4-94.7% at 2, 20, and 200 μg/kg. Finally, this method was applied to determine CQ in the livestock and poultry meats purchased from markets in Beijing in 2011. CQ was detected in all 12 samples, and the concentration was 0.4-636.0 μg/kg. Concentrations in a chicken sample (636.0 μg/kg) and a goat meat sample (486.0 μg/kg) were found to be 15.9 and 2.43 times the corresponding Codex maximum residue limits, respectively.