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Magnolia sinica (Magnoliaceae) is a highly threatened tree endemic to southeast Yunnan, China. In this study, we generated for the first time a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence from M. sinica, by combining Illumina and ONT data with Hi-C scaffolding methods. The final assembled genome size of M. sinica was 1.84 Gb, with a contig N50 of ca. 45 Mb and scaffold N50 of 92 Mb. Identified repeats constituted approximately 57% of the genome, and 43,473 protein-coding genes were predicted. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the magnolias form a sister clade with the eudicots and the order Ceratophyllales, while the monocots are sister to the other core angiosperms. In our study, a total of 21 individuals from the 5 remnant populations of M. sinica, as well as 22 specimens belonging to 8 related Magnoliaceae species, were resequenced. The results showed that M. sinica had higher genetic diversity (θw = 0.01126 and θπ = 0.01158) than other related species in the Magnoliaceae. However, population structure analysis suggested that the genetic differentiation among the 5 M. sinica populations was very low. Analyses of the demographic history of the species using different models consistently revealed that 2 bottleneck events occurred. The contemporary effective population size of M. sinica was estimated to be 10.9. The different patterns of genetic loads (inbreeding and numbers of deleterious mutations) suggested constructive strategies for the conservation of these 5 different populations of M. sinica. Overall, this high-quality genome will be a valuable genomic resource for conservation of M. sinica., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press GigaScience.)

Objectives: To identify clues for women's tobacco control, this study analyses the gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking and the interaction between the environment and individuals' social integration., Design, Setting and Participants: A cross-sectional design and secondary analysis were used among Chinese internal migrants. Data were from the 2012 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China with participants aged 15-59 years old (75 416 women and 83 140 men) who resided in cities for more than 1 month., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Social environmental changes were measured by differences in smoking prevalence and women's empowerment between the migrant-receiving province (MRP) and migrant-sending province (MSP). Social participation and duration of stay (DOS) were adopted as indicators of social integration. Stratified analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to determine the dependent variable (smoking status) and environmental changes after controlling for age, education, income and happiness., Results: Differences in the smoking prevalence environment (lower in MRP, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.37) and women's empowerment (lower rate in MRP, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33) between MRP and MSP were positively correlated with women's smoking. In men, however, migrating to an area with lower smoking prevalence could not reduce smoking risk, whereas moving to an area with higher women's empowerment could. A long DOS was an independent risk factor for smoking in women (ranged from 1.20 to 2.00 in various environmental changes scenarios) but a protective factor for men. An interaction between environmental changes and social integration could not be verified., Conclusions: Tobacco control strategies should consider gender differences, especially women who are experiencing social environmental changes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of anxiety tendency among occupational population in China and to examine the joint association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with anxiety tendency., Methods: The data were from the 2021 Asia Best Workplace (Chinese mainland) program. The Generalized Anxiety Tendency scale was used to assess employees' anxiety status, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety tendency and calculate the odds ratio ( OR ) within different groups. The OR of sitting for each sitting-physical activity (PA) combination group and within PA strata were calculated to explore the joint association., Results: A total of 11 903 workers with an average age of 32.9 years were included in this study. Among them, 3 562 workers had anxiety tendency (29.9%) and the prevalence of those under 40 years old (30.6%) was significantly higher than the other age group (26.7%). 41.0% of the respondents had the moderated to vigorous physical activity. Their average daily sitting time was 9.4 h, and the percentage of those who exceeded 8 h sitting reached 73.9% in the past week. The analysis of Logistic regression showed that smoking ( OR =1.24, 95% CI : 1.23-1.39), longer sedentary time and lower physical activity level were risk factors for anxiety tendency, and longer average daily sleep time ( OR =0.56, 95% CI: 0.51-0.61) was a protective factor. The joint association analysis and stratified analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior with anxiety tendency showed that increased sedentary time combined with decreased physical activity intensity was significantly associated with increased risk of anxiety tendency (range of OR : 1.64-3.14). The threshold for sedentary time in total as a risk factor for anxiety tendency gradually decreased as physical activity intensity increased., Conclusion: The anxiety tendency and sedentary behavior among the occupational population should recieve more attention. Lack of physical activity and sedentary behavior are both risk factors for anxiety tendency, and strengthening the intensity of physical activity can attenuate the harmful effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety tendency.

Background: Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder among older adults. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, and the moderating role of empty nest status in the mediating model., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3637 older adults from Taiyuan, China, using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The data was collected with the general questionnaire for the elderly, with the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Bootstrap program and simple slope method were used to test the mediating effect of sleep quality and the moderating effect of empty nest status., Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 33.4%. The mediating effect analysis showed that chronic diseases had a significant direct impact on depressive symptoms in the elderly (β = 0.431, P < 0.001). Sleep quality as a mediation effect of 43.4% between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms was proven. The further moderating effect found that chronic diseases had a more significant impact on the sleep quality of the elderly who are in the empty nest status than those who are not (β = -0.431, P < 0.05 )., Limitations: Given the cross-sectional study, the results cannot explain the causal relationships among the study variables., Conclusions: Chronic diseases had a major impact on the depressive symptoms of the elderly. Sleep quality mediated the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, and the empty nest status moderated the first half of the path in the mediation model. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of the depressive symptoms of the elderly, sleep quality and empty nest status should be the primary concern., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

China provides National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) free of charge to all citizens to ensure access to essential health services. The present study aimed to explore the associations between different sources of support and NEPHS service utilization among older migrants in China with a gender perspective. We used a national cross-sectional dataset derived from the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. Participants were included if they were aged ≥60 years and without household registration at the residence. Among 1989 participants, 35.2% enrolled in a free physical examination in the past year: 34.6% for males and 35.9% for females. Among male participants, having more local friends (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99) and having insurance at the residence (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.96) were associated with enrolment in a free physical examination after controlling for age, education, and self-reported health status. Two additional factors, marital status and family structure, were found for female participants to be associated with enrolment in a free physical examination. NEPHS service utilization was far from satisfactory among older migrants in China, and both family support and social support played a role in it. There are common and unique factors associated with NEPHS service utilization in terms of gender.

Objectives: Little is known about children's oral health disparities and their changes in developing countries. This study aimed to measure rural-urban and maternal education-related disparities in dental visits and untreated caries among Chinese children, and to describe their changes between 2005 and 2015., Methods: The 12-year-old children's oral health data were from the 3rd (2005) and 4th (2015) oral health surveys in Beijing, China. Rural-urban disparities and maternal education-related disparities in dental visits and untreated caries were measured. The slope index of inequality (SII) and a relative index of inequality (RII) were applied to reflect the absolute and relative disparities respectively. These were estimated using a generalized linear regression model., Results: Data were analysed from 388 children in 2005 and 1926 children in 2015. The proportion of 12-year-old schoolchildren who visited the dentist was 24.0% in 2005 and 36.0% in 2015. Untreated caries prevalence in 2005 and 2015 was 20.9% and 16.2% respectively. Rural-urban disparities in dental visits narrowed between 2005 and 2015 (SII: -10.75 to -3.30, RII: 0.55 to 0.87), and maternal education-related disparities in dental visits also decreased during this decade (SII: -18.52 to -8.49, RII: 0.38 to 0.65). These changes were statistically significant. For disparities in untreated caries, only maternal education-related disparities in untreated caries in 2015 were found. The SII and RII were 6.39% (95% CI: 1.65, 11.13) and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.20) respectively. The change in disparities in untreated caries was not statistically significant for rural-urban disparities (P = .319) or maternal education-related disparities (P = .501)., Conclusions: These findings indicate that in Beijing, China, disparities in children's dental visits narrowed between 2005 and 2015. However, maternal education-related disparities in dental visits and in untreated caries were still apparent, suggesting that policies to improve children's oral healthcare utilization equality should target the children with less-educated mothers., (© 2021 The Authors. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study uses protection motivation theory (PMT) to examine the quitting intentions and behaviours of smokers who have varying levels of nicotine dependence. Our goals are to identify the psychological factors that influence smoking cessation and to provide valuable evidence to promote theory-guided interventions. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from July to August 2020. Participants were randomly selected on the streets of 26 provinces on mainland China. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Our analysis was conducted in three steps. First, we employed descriptive statistics to present the overall characteristics of our sample. Second, we analysed the association between PMT constructs and quitting intentions stratified by nicotine dependence. Third, we tested how quitting intentions were associated with quitting behaviours in each subgroup using logistic regression models. For intention, almost all the PMT constructs were significantly associated with quitting intention in the low-dependence group. For the moderate- and high-dependence groups, only perceived vulnerability (coefficient = 0.35, P = 0.04) was positively associated with quitting intention. For behaviour, we found a stronger association between quitting intention and behaviour in the low-dependence group (Coef. = 1.67, P = 0.00) than for the other groups. We found a significant association between e-cigarette use and quitting behaviour only in the low-dependence group (Coef. = 1.34, P = 0.00). Coefficients for the moderate- and high-dependence groups were not statistically significant. Smokers at various levels of nicotine dependence have different psychological factors that influence their intentions to stop smoking. Quitting intention was more significantly associated with quitting behaviour for the low nicotine-dependence group than for the other groups. More convincing research is necessary to determine how e-cigarette use affects quitting behaviour in the long term., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

During the post-COVID-19 era, preventive practices, such as washing hands and wearing a mask, remain key measures for controlling the spread of infection for older adults. This study investigated the status of preventive practices among older adults and identified the related influencing factors. Participants who were ≥60 years old were recruited nationwide. Data were collected through self-designed questionnaires, including demographic variables, knowledge, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, anxiety and preventive practices. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed. Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors. A total of 2996 participants completed this study. Of them, 2358 (78.7%) participants reported washing hands regularly in the last two weeks, and 1699 (56.7%) always wore masks outside this year. Knowledge (hand washing: OR = 1.09, p < 0.01; mask wearing: OR = 1.17, p < 0.01) and response efficacy (hand washing: OR = 1.61, p < 0.01; mask wearing: OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) were positively associated with preventive practices, whereas perceived vulnerability had a negative effect (hand washing: OR = 0.54, p < 0.01; mask wearing: OR = 0.72, p < 0.01). Knowledge, response efficacy and perceived vulnerability were found to be significant predictors of the preventive practice among older adults in the post-COVID-19 era. This study provides new insights into preventive suggestions after the peak of the pandemic and also has significant implications in improving the life quality of older adults.

Background: Although the Chinese government has introduced a series of regulations to promote tobacco-related health education in workplaces, their implementation has been far from satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of company-level tobacco-related health education and employee smoking behaviour., Methods: Data from the 2018 Asia Best Workplace Mainland China programme were used to address these aims. This was a cross-sectional study that included 14,195 employees from 79 companies in mainland China. Spearman correlation tests were used to examine unadjusted correlations between the study variables, and binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. The dependent variables included smoking-related variables or health information-seeking behaviour. The explanatory variable was the company-level tobacco-related health education., Results: Tobacco-related health education was associated with better smoking harm awareness (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.94-2.56), lower second-hand smoke exposure (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.66-0.81), better perception of the workplace environment (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.84-2.26) and positive health information-seeking behaviour (OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.86-2.30). Job position interacted with health education, suggesting that the positive association of health education was lower for general employees than employees who held an administrative position., Conclusions: Tobacco-related health education is not only associated with lower SHS exposure but also related to more positive environmental perceptions and health attitudes, and these effects are significant for higher-ranking employees. Policy makers should recognize and reduce these potential health disparities.

Objective: To understand the relationship between health literacy and patient experience of outpatients in China, and to explore its mechanism., Methods: The conceptual framework was developed based on Andersen's behavioral model of health services use and health literacy skills framework. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with snowball sampling method, while the health literacy was measured by self-designed patient health literacy scale, and the patient experience was measured by the Chinese patient experience questionnaire for ambulatory care developed by Peking Union Medical College. And a structural equation model was built to explore the relationship between them and test the mechanism of health literacy influencing patient experience., Results: A total of 2 773 subjects were investigated. The average score of health literacy was (90.72±12.90) points, accounting for 78.89% of the full score, and the dimension of seeking social support had the lowest score. The average score of overall rating of patient experience was (3.71±0.74) points, and the scores of each dimension of patient experience were between 3.56 and 3.80. The model fit indices of structural equation model for overall rating of patient experience among the outpatients were χ 2 /d f =9.29 ( χ 2 =4 107.27, d f =442), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.055 (< 0.06), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.926 (>0.90), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.918 (>0.90), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.061 (< 0.08), the model was acceptable. The variance in patient experience explained by the model was 0.108. The structural equation model analysis results showed that the overall rating of outpatient experience was directly affected by health literacy ( β =0.263, P < 0.001), also indirectly affected by health literacy ( β =0.012, P < 0.001). In other words, the overall rating increased by 0.275 units for each standard deviation increase of health literacy. Self-evaluated health status mediated the relationship between health literacy and the overall rating of outpatient experience. In terms of diffe-rent dimensions of patient experience, the standardized path coefficient of the total effect of health literacy on patient experience was as follows: Information guidance 0.337, humanistic care 0.319, communication with doctors 0.294, service efficiency 0.240, and hospital environment 0.173., Conclusion: The patients with higher level of health literacy were more likely to have a better outpatient experience in China, and the information guidance experience and humanistic care experience were most affected by health literacy. And the communication and information utilization ability had the greatest influence on patient experience.

Background: The quantity-quality trade-off theory indicates that an increase in siblings might decrease a child's well-being, but little is known about the impacts of sibling number on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to investigate the effects of presence of siblings on children's OHRQoL, and to further test whether there is an interaction effect between siblings' presence and locations on children's OHRQoL., Methods: Data were obtained from an oral-health survey of 12-year-old children in Beijing, China, which was a part of the 4th National Oral Health Survey in the Mainland of China (2015-2016). This study included 2158 children data for analysis. OHRQoL was assessed by the child's Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP). OIDP prevalence served as an indicator of OHRQoL. Children with and without siblings were recorded as non-single and single children, respectively. Dental variables, including active caries, gingival bleeding, and calculus, were reported. A logistic regression model was applied to investigate the association of siblings' presence and OIDP prevalence. A synergy index was used to assess the possible interaction effect between siblings' presence and location on OIDP prevalence., Results: Sixty percent of Chinese children reported suffering OIDP in the previous six months. OIDP prevalence for non-single and single children were 68.3% and 56.9%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of OIDP for non-single children was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.63), and the adjusted OR of OIDP for non-single and rural children was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.47, 2.81). The synergy index between siblings' presence and location on OIDP was 2.18 (85% CI: 1.30, 3.67), which indicates that an excessive risk increase for OIDP was observed among non-single and rural children., Conclusions: Children with siblings are more likely to report OIDP and have lower OHRQoL, especially those from rural areas. These findings indicate that oral-health interventions should be given priority for non-single and rural children.

Background: The estimates of several key epidemiological parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic are often based on small sample sizes or are inaccurate for various reasons., Objective: The aim of this study is to obtain more robust estimates of the incubation period, serial interval, frequency of presymptomatic transmission, and basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of COVID-19 based on a large case series., Methods: We systematically retrieved and screened 20,658 reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases released by the health authorities of China, Japan, and Singapore. In addition, 9942 publications were retrieved from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) through April 8, 2020. To be eligible, a report had to contain individual data that allowed for accurate estimation of at least one parameter. Widely used models such as gamma distributions were fitted to the data sets and the results with the best-fitting values were presented., Results: In total, 1591 cases were included for the final analysis. The mean incubation period (n=687) and mean serial interval (n=1015 pairs) were estimated to be 7.04 (SD 4.27) days and 6.49 (SD 4.90) days, respectively. In 40 cases (5.82%), the incubation period was longer than 14 days. In 32 infector-infectee pairs (3.15%), infectees' symptom onsets occurred before those of infectors. Presymptomatic transmission occurred in 129 of 296 infector-infectee pairs (43.58%). R 0 was estimated to be 1.85 (95% CI 1.37-2.60)., Conclusions: This study provides robust estimates of several epidemiological parameters of COVID-19. The findings support the current practice of 14-day quarantine of persons with potential exposure, but also suggest the need for additional measures. Presymptomatic transmission together with the asymptomatic transmission reported by previous studies highlight the importance of adequate testing, strict quarantine, and social distancing., (©Shujuan Ma, Jiayue Zhang, Minyan Zeng, Qingping Yun, Wei Guo, Yixiang Zheng, Shi Zhao, Maggie H Wang, Zuyao Yang. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 12.10.2020.)

Background: Numerous studies have clarified that family socioeconomic status (SES) is positively associated with health. However, the mechanism of family SES on health needs to be further investigated from a social epidemiological perspective. This study aims to analyze the relationships among family SES, family social capital, and adult general health and tests whether gender-based differences exist in the relationship between family social capital and general health., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 4187 representative households in six Chinese provinces. Family SES was conceptualized based on household income, family education, and family occupational status. Family social capital was measured by using family cohesion and health-related family support. General health was assessed by using five general health perception items of the Health Survey Short Form. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the relationships among family SES, family social capital, and general health, and a linear regression model was used to test gender-based differences., Results: The SEM showed that the direct effects of family SES, family cohesion, and health-related family support on health were 0.08 (P < 0.001), 0.17 (P < 0.001), and 0.10 (P < 0.001), respectively. Family SES had indirect effect (β = 0.05, P < 0.01) on general health via health-related family support. The total effect of family social capital (β = 0.27, P < 0.001) on general health was greater than that of family SES (β = 0.13, P < 0.001). Besides, the regression showed that the effect of health-related family support on general health was greater for women (β = 0.13, P < 0.001) than men (β = 0.04, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The results provide strong support for the positive association between family SES, family social capital, and adult health. Family intervention programs should focus on establishing a harmonious family relationship to mobilize family support, particularly for the families with low cohesion and low SES.

Background: Acer yangbiense is a newly described critically endangered endemic maple tree confined to Yangbi County in Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was included in a programme for rescuing the most threatened species in China, focusing on "plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP)"., Findings: We generated 64, 94, and 110 Gb of raw DNA sequences and obtained a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. yangbiense through a combination of Pacific Biosciences Single-molecule Real-time, Illumina HiSeq X, and Hi-C mapping, respectively. The final genome assembly is ∼666 Mb, with 13 chromosomes covering ∼97% of the genome and scaffold N50 sizes of 45 Mb. Further, BUSCO analysis recovered 95.5% complete BUSCO genes. The total number of repetitive elements account for 68.0% of the A. yangbiense genome. Genome annotation generated 28,320 protein-coding genes, assisted by a combination of prediction and transcriptome sequencing. In addition, a nearly 1:1 orthology ratio of dot plots of longer syntenic blocks revealed a similar evolutionary history between A. yangbiense and grape, indicating that the genome has not undergone a whole-genome duplication event after the core eudicot common hexaploidization., Conclusion: Here, we report a high-quality de novo genome assembly of A. yangbiense, the first genome for the genus Acer and the family Aceraceae. This will provide fundamental conservation genomics resources, as well as representing a new high-quality reference genome for the economically important Acer lineage and the wider order of Sapindales., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Persicae Semen (PS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for the syndrome of blood stasis in China since the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the present study, we developed an HPLC-UV fingerprint analysis method for the quality control of PS. The HPLC fingerprint was performed on Shimadzu Inertsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 35 degrees C. The mobile phases were composed of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. The fingerprint method was validated according to the Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Fingerprint, and applied to determine 41 batches representative herbs collected from Xinjiang of China. The chromatographic peaks were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and nine of them were identified by comparison with the literature and/or reference standards. In order to classify and assess the samples, hierarchical clustering analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were performed based on the common chromatographic peaks, and the samples were geographically classified into two classes, with six chemical compounds as classification markers which were significantly different between the two classes (P < 0.05).