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Patients with stroke usually use smartphones to obtain online information to maintain their health. But their ability to identify, evaluate and apply this information is still unknown. This study was designed to examine the reliability and validity of the electronic Health Literacy Scale among patients with stroke in China. This is a cross-sectional survey. A demographic questionnaire, the electronic Health Literacy Scale (e-HLS) and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) were administered to a sample of 648 patients with ischemic stroke recruited from December 2020 to March 2021 in a tertiary hospital. The Cronbach'α coefficient on the e-HLS-CHI was 0.907. Kappa consistency coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.691 (p <.05). Three factors were extracted by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), accounting for 90.84% of the total variance. Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) revealed that three factors of e-HLS-CHI fit well (NFI = 0.979, RFI = 0.955, IFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.972, CFI = 0.987, RMSEA = 0.070, CMIN/DF = 2.586). Good simultaneous validity was suggested by the positive correlation of 0.94 (p <.001) between the e-HLS-CHI and eHEALS. When using eHEALS as the standard, the area under the ROC curve of e-HLS-CHI was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.831–0.960, p <.001). The sensitivity and specificity were 97.8% and 70.4% respectively. The e-HLS can be used to evaluate electronic health literacy of patients with stroke in China after translation and cultural adaption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 248 prefecture level cities in China from 2008 to 2018, this paper discusses the impact of tourism development on the urban-rural income gap. The empirical findings indicate that tourism development can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap, confirming that tourism development can effectively achieve balanced regional development. Domestic tourism has a stronger reducing effect, and this effect is stronger in eastern China than western China. These findings suggest that tourism organizations should pay attention to the economic effects of tourism, formulate targeted tourism preferential policies to stimulate consumer demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF), for which age is an independent risk factor, is the most common persistent arrhythmia. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein (MCPIP), a transcription factor that induces a series of inflammation and cell death procedures, has been indicated to cause cardiomyocyte death in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between age-related AF and MCPIP., Methods: A total of 1,084 participants were included in this study, including 542 AF patients and 542 non-AF controls. Their medical histories were collected and analyzed. Moreover, blood samples were collected, and ELISA tests for expression of the inflammatory factor MCPIP and the fibrosis biomarkers pro-collagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) were conducted. Finally, a correlation analysis of these inflammatory factors and biomarkers was performed based on the ELISA results., Results: We compared the echocardiography results of AF patients and found that the left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial appendage velocity decreased with age (p < 0.05). Moreover, ELISA analysis of these samples showed that the expression of MCPIP was the highest in elderly patients with AF (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in expression between adult AF patients and elderly controls (p > 0.05). Finally, the correlation analysis demonstrated that the expressions of MCPIP, PIIINP, and ICTP were positively correlated in the elderly AF patient group, the adult AF group, and the elderly control group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: MCPIP expression was higher in age-related AF than in the other patient groups and it was associated with AF-induced fibrosis., (© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel.)