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The National Graduate Education Comprehensive Fees Policy has been in operation for more than five years since the fall semester of 2014, which is long enough to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy. Base on the existing research results, this paper proposes to adopt the core index of graduate students' scientific research ability--the level and quantity of published papers to evaluate the implementation effect of this policy, take GF University as an example to analyze the construction of the university's award and scholarship system, and make quantitative analysis of the academic graduate students' published papers. It finds that the implementation effect of scholarship system is not obvious. Therefore, this paper analyzes the reasons and puts forward the relevant countermeasures.

Digital financial inclusion has become an important way to reduce poverty and prevent poverty return; however, few studies examine the relationship between digital financial inclusion measurement with poverty return governance. Based on data from the 2017 China Household Financial Survey, we construct a digital financial inclusion indicator for micro‐households, and explore its impact on the risk of households returning to poverty and its mechanisms. Our findings suggest that digital financial inclusion can reduce the risk of Chinese families returning to poverty, and that it has heterogeneous effects on families and regions with different characteristics. The main function is to improve household income level by promoting entrepreneurship and employment, and to improve risk resistance by enhancing household financial market participation and household asset allocation. Further analysis shows that digital financial inclusion has structural effects, nonlinear effects, and substitution effects with private lending in poverty governance. This paper has implications for understanding and improving the poverty governance effectiveness of digital financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidance of a return to poverty is a priority within postpoverty alleviation programmes in rural China. As traditional social networks, clan‐based networks have long played a pivotal role within rural society and governance. However, few studies have examined their influence on the return to poverty of rural families. Therefore, we used the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) data from 2014 to explore how clan networks influence the risk of a return to poverty among rural households and its mechanisms. Our findings suggest that clan networks can reduce the risk of returning to poverty and that they have heterogeneous effects on families and regions with different characteristics. Their main function is to reduce the borrowing cost through an external support mechanism and to promote movements of the rural labour force to urban areas where they can earn higher nonagricultural stable incomes through an internal sharing mechanism. This study of the role of traditional clan‐based networks in poverty avoidance can contribute to their enhanced role in the new era, while also providing inputs for consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation, innovating existing follow‐up poverty alleviation guarantee mechanisms and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the continental basins of Northern China (NC), a series of energy resources commonly co-exist in the same basin. As the three typical superimposed basins of different genesis in the NC, the Junggar, Ordos, and Songliao basins were chosen as the research objects. The favorable uranium-bearing structures are generally shown as a basin-margin slope or transition belt of uplifts with the development of faults, which are conducive to a fluid circulation system. The Hercynian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian movements resulted in the development of uranium-rich intrusions which acted as the significant uranium sources. The main hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in the Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The mature stage of source rocks is concentrated in the Jurassic—Cretaceous, followed by the multi-stage expulsion events. Influenced by the India-Eurasian collision and the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the tectonic transformation in the Late Yanshanian and Himalayan periods significantly influenced the sandstone-type uranium mineralization. The hydrocarbon reservoirs are spatially consistent with sandstone-type uranium deposits, while the hydrocarbon expulsion events occur in sequence with sandstone-type uranium mineralization. In the periphery of the faults or the uplifts, both fluids met and formed uranium concentration. The regional tectonic movements motivate the migration of hydrocarbon fluids and uranium mineralization, especially the Himalayan movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To coordinate economic development and carbon emission reduction targets, China needs to improve carbon emission efficiency and upgrade the industrial structure. Therefore, it is important to study the coupling degree and coupling path between these two factors in various provinces in China, and thereby promote the development of China's low-carbon economy. We first calculate carbon emission efficiency using the Super-SBM model, then analyze an extended coupling model between carbon emission efficiency and industrial structure upgrading, and finally design the coupling paths using the framework of distribution dynamics. There are three main findings. First, the coupling degree of nearly half the provinces is at the level of mild-to-moderate imbalance recession. And in terms of specific coupling characteristics, nearly half the provinces belong to the type "low-level coordination," with a low development degree and high coordination degree. Second, there is an obvious dynamic imbalance between China's carbon emission efficiency and industrial structure upgrading, and the "low-level trap" of regional carbon emission efficiency is more serious than that of regional industrial structure upgrading. Finally, if the government prioritizes provinces with low carbon emission efficiency, carbon emission efficiency and the coupling efficiency with industrial structure can be improved, which would not only improve the coupling degree within each region but also alleviate the disharmony between regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives: Insomnia is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study therefore evaluated the associations between various micronutrients and insomnia in patients with T2DM., Subjects/methods: Between January 2018 and December 2020, a total of 418 T2DM patients with or without insomnia were recruited. Clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as micronutrient levels, were measured in each participant. Insomnia and sleep quality were assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively., Results: Insomnia was found in 24.16% of patients with T2DM. Compared with T2DM patients without insomnia, patients with insomnia had significantly higher levels of vitamin B12 (VitB12). Increased VitB12 was an independent risk factor for insomnia (OR 1.61 [1.06-2.45], P = 0.03). A cut-off value of 517.50 pg/ml VitB12 (P = 0.01, AUC 0.61, standard error 0.04) predicted insomnia risk. Moreover, increased VitB12 levels in patients with insomnia were closely correlated with the use of mecobalamin., Conclusions: This study suggests that elevated serum VitB12 level is independently associated with the incidence of insomnia and predicts increased insomnia risk in Chinese patients with T2DM., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Air pollution is an important trigger of cardiovascular disease worldwide, but few studies have determined the cardiovascular disease, health, and economic burdens attributable to ambient carbon monoxide (CO). This study aimed to examine the association between CO and CVD hospitalizations, and quantified the attributable CVD hospitalizations, associated hospital stays and hospitalization costs for CO in Lanzhou, one of the most air-polluted Chinese cities historically., Methods: Daily data on CVD hospitalizations, air pollutants, and weather records from 2013 to 2017 were obtained for Lanzhou, China. Generalized additive model with a quasi-Poisson link was used to model the association between CO and CVD hospitalizations, after controlling for other air pollutants, weather conditions, day of week, long-term trend, influenza and pneumonia incidence. The effects of CO on hospital stays and hospitalization expenses from CVD were also quantified., Results: CO concentrations below the current Chinese ambient air quality standard had a significant impact on CVD hospitalizations. Each 1 mg/m 3 increase in CO concentration on the present day and previous 4 days (lag 0-4) was associated with an 11% (95% confidence interval: 3%-20%) increase in total CVD hospitalizations. During the study period, CO was responsible for 11.74% of total CVD hospitalizations, equating to 62,792 inpatient days and 149 million RMB. Each adult patient on average spent approximately 5% of annual salary on medicine from CO-related CVD treatment during hospitalization. Maintaining the historical CO concentration within 1 to 3 mg/m 3 could avert hundreds of total CVD hospitalizations and save millions of RMB annually in Lanzhou, China., Conclusions: Exposure to low-level ambient CO concentration increased the risk of CVD hospitalizations and resulted in substantial health and economic burdens in Lanzhou, China. Our findings can be used for evidence-based practice and policy making to assess the cost-effectiveness of prevention measures., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)