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It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition (RST) in an appropriate way. This paper uses actor network theory (ANT) to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST. Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples, this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis. The results show that: 1) after identifying problems and obligatory passage point, key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests, and realize RST under the system operation. 2) Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved, collective actions and policy factors, but there are differences in the transition process, mechanism and effect. The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough. In contrast, the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage. 3) Based on the applicable conditions of different paths, this paper designs a logical framework of 'Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result' to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the large-scale development of urbanization in the world, phenomena such as the unbalanced allocation of various elements of the rural regional system, as well as the decline of the economic and social structure and functions in the process of urban and rural economic and social transformation and development in China, have endangered the healthy development of rural areas. The "hollowing" of rural areas is becoming more and more intense, and the governance of hollow villages has become a key link to stimulating the vitality of rural development and realizing the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Taking a typical hollow village in Fangsi Town, Yucheng City, Shandong Province, China as an example, through the recognition method of hollow villages mode, the study adopted the in-depth interviews and questionnaires to obtain governance of hollow villages. Moreover, this study uses the actor–network theory to discuss the governance model mechanism and policy response of hollow villages, extract the applicable conditions of different hollow village governance modes, and provide the promotion of the hollow village governance mechanism. Our findings show that: (1) the governance modes of hollow villages are diverse. Under certain geographical conditions, the governance of hollow villages shows the relocation and merger–urban–rural integration mode, village integration-scale operation mode, village intensive-idle land revitalization mode, and original site optimization–sightseeing tourism development mode, along with other types. In the process of promotion and use, appropriate adjustments should be made in combination with differences and changes in system conditions, and the accurate governance of villages should be carried out. (2) The governance process of hollow villages is dynamic. The governance of hollow villages represents a heterogeneous network of actors led by key actors, which mainly realizes changes in the rural material space. With the change of development goals of the hollow village, the network of actors has been readjusted around the new OPP, and the role of the actors has changed, correspondingly showing a transition from the governance of the hollow village to the optimized development, thus further realizing the transformation of the hollow village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural land system reform (RLSR) is inseparable from the protection of farmers' rights and profits. The success or failure of the system reform determines the value embodiment of the farmers' subject position. Under the background of continuously promoting the RLSR in China, combining the farmers' demands and welfare change, this study reveals the practice and process of rural housing land system reform (RHLSR) and puts forward three theory hypotheses. Then, four kinds of RHLSR mode are designed based on the outer edge-kernel system theory and Maslow demand theory. Finally, using fuzzy mathematical evaluation and a structure equation model, this study depicts the implementation process and effect of 20 typical cases and puts forward corresponding policy enlightenment. Results show that (1) due to the influence of the system, the RHLSR mode is diversified; the RHLSR mode that conforms to farmers' needs is also conducive to improving farmers' welfare level. (2) The correlation between farmers' living status and welfare level is the highest in the RHLSR process, while the degree of social participation is the lowest. (3) The land investment mode (LIM) has the best effect on the improvement of farmers' welfare (FW) level, followed by the monetary compensation mode (MCM), and the asset replacement mode (ARM). Meanwhile, the use of land to ensure the life of the aged mode (ULELAM) has the lowest effect. These findings indicate that the government should adhere to the concept of people first, combining the welfare needs of farmers step-by-step. Those needs should be prioritized and optimized appropriately, according to the time and household, so as to realize a better tilt of land policy dividend towards farmers. • The structural equation model is used to verify the correlation and effect on the reform of the rural housing land system. • Four modes of the rural housing land system reform are developed. • The welfare level of farmers has generally improved. • After the implementation of the policy, some indicators showed a downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We investigated sex-based and regional outcomes after contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the Xience V stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)., Methods and Results: This patient level pooled analysis includes three multi-center, prospective post-market registries performed in the US, Japan, and China. A total of 1,938 patients treated with Xience V stents in the setting of AMI were enrolled. Compared to men, women had higher major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (14.1% vs. 9.8% P < 0.01, RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.4) and all-cause mortality (10% vs. 6.2% P < 0.01, RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.27) at one year, without any significant difference in device specific outcomes of target vessel failure (TVF). US patients compared to the patients from China and Japan had increased MACE (female: 18% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.0012, male: 15.7% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that major bleeding was the strongest predictor of MACE (OR 10.51, 95%CI 4.01-27.50, P < 0.0001), MI (OR 4.26, 95%CI 1.37-13.29, P = 0.012), and all-cause death (OR 5.3, 95%CI 2.32-12.13, P < 0.0001)., Conclusion: Women with AMI who underwent PCI with XIENCE DES have higher all-cause mortality at one year in compared to men. Region based outcomes demonstrated increased MACE among US patients compared to the patients from China and Japan. After adjusting for differences in demographics, major bleeding, rather than female sex, predicted the higher observed all-cause mortality., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)