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Blackleg and aerial stem rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by soft rot enterobacteria of the genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya, has recently increased years in Hebei Province, China. Field surveys were performed during the 2021 potato growing season in Hebei to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Sixteen potato plants showing blackleg or aerial stem rot were collected from three potato-producing areas, and ten representative pectinolytic bacteria were isolated from symptomatic plants. 16S rDNA sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis were performed to determine the taxonomic position of the bacterial isolates. The isolates belonged to the genus Pectobacterium, including Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Pectobacterium parmentieri. The exceptions were isolates BY21311 and BY21312, which belonged to a new species of Pectobacterium polonicum previously found in groundwater. The taxonomy of isolate BY21311 was confirmed using whole genome-based analysis. P. polonicum has only been identified in potato plants on one farm in Baoding region in China. Isolates BY21311 and BY21312 displayed similar physiological and biochemical traits to the type strain DPMP315T. Artificial inoculation assays revealed that isolate BY21311 fulfilled Koch's postulates for potato blackleg. These findings represent the first time P. polonicum, a waterassociated Pectobacterium species may be the cause of blackleg in the field. Interestingly, P. polonicum BY21311 has reduced ability to macerate potato tubers when compared to P. atrosepticum, P. brasiliense, P. versatile, and P. parvum, which is more virulent in tubers than the type strain DPMP315T. The host range of isolate BY21311 was determined by injection method, which can impregnate five plants. Although the genome of isolate BY21311 harbors gene clusters encoding a type III secretion system, it did not elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana or N. tabacum leaves. T3SS effector AvrE and T4SS effector PilN were obtained by predicting isolate BY21311 genome. P. polonicum appears to show significant variations in gene content between two genomes, and gene content varies between isolates BY21311 and DPMP315T, with strain specific-genes involved in many aspects, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, substrate translocation, T4SS and T6SS among others, suggesting that isolates BY21311 and DPMP315T might represent distinct clades within the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study which aims to identify the sources and potential risk of heavy metals to children who are directly exposed to mineral soils in urban and suburb areas in Changsha City, China. The study combined the principal component analysis, geostatistics, and triangulated irregular network (TIN) model in discriminating the sources of heavy metals such as Arsenic, Cadmium, and Zinc. The study indicates that heavy metal contamination in Changsa may have come from coal usage and metal mining activities, and it identifies that Arsenic poses the highest potential health risk for children.

In a sample of 2- and 3-yr.-old Chinese children (N= 156), mothers' and teachers' ratings showed modest correspondence on boys' internalizing psychopathology but no correspondence on girls' internalizing. Mothers' and teachers' ratings also showed no correspondence on externalizing psychopathology across child's gender. Mothers' ratings were found to be significantly higher than teachers' ratings on externalizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POPULATION: Chinese and Thai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines blood samples from unrelated Chinese and Thai volunteer donors. Extraction of DNA samples from blood specimen using Chelex-100; Polymerase chain reaction conditions; Analysis of the amplified products.

Analyzes blood samples collected from unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population living in Chengdu and a Thai population from Thailand. Extraction of DNA genomic data using Chelex-100; Polymerase chain reaction conditions; Analysis of the amplified products.

Analyzes allele frequency distribution of short tandem repeat loci D11S1390 and D11S2008 in Chinese and Thai volunteer donors. Polymerase chain reaction conditions; Analysis of the amplified products using an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer; Forensic parameters in Chinese Han and Thai; Implications for forensic science.

Analyzes blood samples collected from unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population living in Chengdu and a Thai population from Thailand. Extraction of genomic DNA using Chelex-100; Polymerase chain reaction conditions; Allele frequencies for the loci D8S1121 and D8S1130 and their forensic parameters in Chinese Han and Thai.

Objectives: China has entered the aging society, but the social support systems for the elderly are underdeveloped, which may make the elderly feel anxiety about their health and life quality. Given the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in the elderly, it is very important to pay more attention to the treatment for old adults. Although cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty (CBT-IU) has been applied to different groups of patients with GAD, few studies have been performed to date. In addition, the effects of CBT-IU are not well understood, especially when applied to older adults with GAD., Method: Sixty-three Chinese older adults with a principal diagnosis of GAD were enrolled. Of these, 32 were randomized to receive group CBT-IU (intervention group) and 31 were untreated (control group). GAD and related symptoms were assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Chinese Version, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Why Worry-II scale, Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale across the intervention. The changes between pre and after the intervention were collected, as well as the six-month follow-up. F test and repeated-measures ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data., Results: Compared to control group, the measures' scores of experimental group decreased significantly after the intervention and six-month follow-up. Besides the main effects for time and group were significant, the interaction effect for group × time was also significant. These results indicated the improvement of the CBT-IU group and the persistence of effect after six months., Conclusion: Group CBT-IU is effective in Chinese older adults with GAD. The effects of CBT-IU on GAD symptoms persist for at least six months after treatment.