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Using a spatial econometric model, this study investigates the impact of international friendship cities on urban exports in China at the city level. The results demonstrate a significant spatial spillover effect of international friendship cities on China's urban exports, benefiting not only the local area but also the neighbouring cities. Mechanism tests indicate that international friendship cities foster export growth in both local and adjacent cities by accumulating international social capital. Additionally, we identify a spatial spillover interval (within 700 km) and a siphonic interval (beyond 800 km) in the effect of international friendship cities on the urban exports of surrounding cities. This study sheds light on the role of international friendship cities in driving urban export growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy has great potential to sustain China's high-quality economic growth and substantially strengthen urban innovation capacity. This paper developed a digital economy index using city-level data from China and measured the level of urban innovation with patents per capita. We used a spatial econometric model to explore the spatial implications of the digital economy on urban innovation, probed into the mechanism by which the digital economy affects urban innovation, and further measured the spatial spillover distance and threshold of the digital economy on urban innovation. The findings suggest that China's digital economy and urban innovation are characterized by spatial aggregation, and the spatial distribution varies from region to region. The digital economy, with strong spatial spillover effects on the innovation capacity of cities in China, may not only enhance the innovation capacity of one city but also drive a simultaneous growth of the innovation capacity in peripheral cities. The analysis of mechanisms indicates that the digital economy enhances local innovation capacity directly through promoting human resources and increasing science and technology spending and drives the improvement of the innovation capacity in peripheral cities through the spatial spillover of human resources and science and technology spending. The effects of the latter one outweigh those of the former one. The analysis of heterogeneity shows that the central, western, and northern regions, where the digital economy is relatively less developed, have the latecomer advantage, and the digital economy has more prominent effects on innovation capacity. Calculating the spillover distance and threshold demonstrates that the digital economy influences urban innovation within a spatial spillover range and threshold of approximately 500 kilometers. Within 500 kilometers, the positive spatial spillover effects prevail, while beyond 500 kilometers, the negative siphon effect prevails. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the differences in the impact and role of the digital economy on urban innovation from a spatial perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the effects of anticipatory emotions induced by episodic future thinking on the basic decision‐process of delay discounting and preventive behaviors during the most stringent COVID‐19 "lockdown" period in China. We define anticipatory emotions as any discrete emotions induced from anticipating decision outcomes and felt during decision‐making. In an online study conducted with healthy volunteers, anticipatory emotions were induced and appraised by asking participants to rate various emotions they feel when thinking they may be infected by COVID‐19 (N = 246). The participants in the control group reported their present emotions during the COVID‐19 pandemic (N = 245). Compared with the control group, the participants in the anticipatory emotion group had a higher future‐oriented preference for monetary rewards, with a significantly lower delay discounting rate. These participants also had a higher intention to engage in proactive, preventive behaviors. The likelihood estimate of being infected by COVID‐19 mediated these effects. Moreover, anticipatory disgust increased the preference for larger‐and‐later rewards. Anticipatory emotions induced by future thinking guide fast and rational decision‐making in a health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many previous studies have investigated the risk factors associated with eating disorders (EDs) from the perspective of emotion regulation (ER). However, limited research has investigated interactions between co-existing risk factors for EDs, especially in China where research in EDs is underrepresented. Methods: This study examined core risk factors related to maladaptive eating behaviors and ER, and how their interactions affect the detection of EDs. Using machine learning, a decision tree model was constructed on a data set of 830 non-clinical Chinese young women with an average age of 18.91 years (SD = 0.95). The total data set was split into training and testing data sets with a ratio of 70 to 30%. Results: Body image inflexibility was identified as the major classifier for women at high risk of EDs. Furthermore, interactions between body image inflexibility, psychological distress, and body dissatisfaction were important in detecting women at high risk of EDs. Overall, the model classifying women at high-risk for EDs had a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.85 when applied to the testing data set. Conclusions: Body image inflexibility, psychological distress, and body dissatisfaction were identified as the major classifiers for young women in China at high risk of EDs. Researchers and practitioners may consider these findings in the screening, prevention, and treatment of EDs among young women in China. Plain English summary: Previous studies have identified multiple risk factors of eating disorders that are related to emotion regulation and coping strategies in the Western context. However, most of these studies failed to describe any kind of hierarchy or interaction between risk factors that co-occur. To address this knowledge gap, the present study investigated a broad range of risk factors from the perspective of emotion regulation and then used a decision tree classification method to screen for EDs among young women in China. Results showed that body image inflexibility, psychological distress, and body dissatisfaction were the primary classifiers for Chinese women at high risk of EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has the therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines in China recently. H2 has a relatively small molecular mass, which helps it quickly spread and penetrate cell membranes to exert a wide range of biological effects. It may play a role in the treatment and prevention of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, respiratory disease, ischemia reperfusion injury diseases, autoimmunity diseases, etc.. H2 is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injection of H2 saline. It may participate in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity (mitochondrial energy metabolism), immune system regulation, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) through annihilating excess reactive oxygen species production and modulating nuclear transcription factor. However, the underlying mechanism of H2 has not yet been fully revealed. Owing to its safety and potential efficacy, H2 has a promising potential for clinical use against many diseases. This review will demonstrate the role of H2 in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects and its underlying mechanism, particularly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), providing strategies for the medical application of H2 for various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many studies have analyzed the transportation infrastructure effects on economic and trade development, little is known about the relationship between transportation infrastructure and trade in the agricultural sector. We take the opening of China's high-speed railway (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment and use multiperiod DID model to explore the impact and mechanism of HSR on agriculture-related enterprises' exports. The results show that HSR can promote export growth of agriculture-related enterprises by 6.9%, and it will reach 10% in 5 years. However, the effect of HSR on the export of agriculture-related enterprises only exists within 45 km around HSR stations. HSR can reduce information barriers and costs for enterprises to enter the international market by providing transportation convenience and improving market access levels. HSR also offers local areas more transportation advantage compared to other surrounding areas, which in turn makes a siphon effect on export activities. Both these mechanisms are significant within 45 km, and it is extremely obvious for poor transportation areas and enterprises with higher productivity, and the siphon effect is even stronger than market access. Heterogeneity analysis results demonstrate that HSR has different effects for different types of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sand and cobble stratum is a kind of mechanically unstable stratum. Shield machine often encounter problems such as difficulty in excavation, cutterhead wear, and poor slag discharge of the spiral dumper while constructing in this kind of stratum. Considering the complexly and variety of the material composition and structure of this stratum, the sand and cobble stratum in China, Chengdu Subway Line 7, Chadianzi-Yipintianxia Station, was selected to conduct indoor large-scale direct shear tests to systematically study the effects of cobble content (CC) on the shear strength and shear properties of sand and cobble soil. The test results showed that the shear strength and angle of internal friction of sand and cobble soil nonlinearly increased with CC, and the shear strength and angle of internal friction slightly increased when CC was less than 40%. The shear strength and angle of internal friction of sand and cobble soil significantly increased after CC reaching 40%. The shear stress-shear displacement curve has three stages, including the elastic deformation stage, yield stage, and hardening stage. The CC had a control effect on the strength and deformation characteristics of sand and cobble soil. The shear stress-displacement curve of sand and cobble soils with CCs of 20% and 80% can be fitted as an exponential model, while the shear stress shear displacement curves of sand and cobble soils with CCs of 40% and 60% are hyperbolic. For sand and cobble soil with same CC, the larger the vertical stress is, the larger the normal displacement is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The near-surface urban drainage system in Shanghai is highly complex, with hundreds of thousands of catch basins (CBs) and manhole chambers (MCs). Comparatively little is known about the breeding of mosquitoes in this vast system, especially for the locally predominant species Aedes albopictus. A cross-sectional mosquito sampling study was conducted from late July to early August of 2017 using 539 CBs and 309 MCs located in 10 communities of downtown Shanghai. We measured the water-holding status of the drainage systems and density of mosquito larvae. Mosquito species were examined on site and in the laboratory later. Results: The CBs were characterized by a lower percentage of standing water compared to MCs (47.0% vs. 79.9%, respectively; X2 = 76.407, P<0.001), but CBs contained a higher percentage of stagnant water percent than MCs (45.2% vs. 35.3%, respectively; X2 = 11.465, P = 0.001). There were exclusively two species of mosquito larvae found in the drainage systems, Ae. albopictus and Culex pipiens complex. Compared with MCs, the structures of CBs were more conducive to larval production and yielded more larvae-positive samples (43.4% vs 14.2%, X2 = 53.136, P<0.001) and higher larval density (8.23 vs. 4.09 per dipper, t = 3.287, P = 0.001). Aedes albopictus was the predominant species in CBs, with a constituent ratio of 71.7%. Regarding structures with different features in different locations, CBs that had a vertical grate with an unsealed lid and MCs with plastic composite covers were the most favorable types for mosquito breeding, and residential neighborhoods yielded the highest number of Ae. albopictus. Conclusion: Aedes albopictus was the predominant species in both CBs and stormwater MCs, especially in residential neighborhoods. CBs, particularly those with vertical grates, were a major source of mosquito production in downtown Shanghai. MCs featured more running water and fewer larvae by percentage, and few larvae were found in Sewage MCs. However, due to the tremendous baseline amount, MCs were still an important breeding source of mosquitoes. We suggest that Aedes control in Shanghai should focus on CBs or other potential larvae habitats in and around residential neighborhoods. The use of permeable materials and completely sealed covers should be adopted in the construction of CBs and MCs henceforth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the hydrodynamic processes in a large and complex river network located in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, China. The main stem of the river is connected to two large lakes, Dongting and Poyang, through many branches. A mass conservation method was used to determine the lateral inflows from local basins along the river. The model was verified against measured data at a large number of hydrological stations over a 2-year period. The water levels and discharges predicted by the model were found to generally agree well with the measured data. The model was then used to reproduce the flow process during a large flood event that occurred in 1998. It was found that the two large lakes could store a large volume of water and thus played an important role in attenuating the flood impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • New 48 cases of major tunnel construction accidents (MTCA) in China 2010–2020. • Analysis of varied classification and time-space distribution of MTCA database. • Novel accident data-based resilient network of management for tunnel construction. The increase of transport mileage and expansion of underground space foster rapid development in tunnel engineering, particularly in China. China has the largest number of existing tunnels, and the growth rate has doubled over the past decade; whereas varied geographical environments, complex geological conditions, and incomplete management systems result in frequent tunnel construction accidents. The existing studies mostly focused on an individual accident type or operation stage, and the databases built decades ago are becoming obsolete to match developing construction concepts and technologies. Motivated by this concern, this paper conducts the statistical analysis on 48 cases of major tunnel construction accidents (MTCA, defined as an accident that results in more than three deaths) in China from 2010 to 2020, and examines the accident characteristics, including classification, time, region, location, construction method, and risk source. Based on the above time-space distributions of MTCA, two critical scientific issues concerning the safe construction of underground tunnels are discussed, including how to accurately evaluate the resilient network of hazards -vulnerable tunnel engineering, and how to build an efficient monitoring-mitigation-rescue system. The purpose is to provide a theoretical foundation for developing a database-driven management system that improves the resilience of tunnel construction to multiple hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Trap sediment by reservoirs has been effective in protecting the Lower Yellow River (LYR) but it can hard be sustainable. After reviewing the nature of sediment and siltation, the effect of coarse sediment (d > 0.08–0.1 mm) (CS) on LYR siltation is studied. It is basically proved that the CS was apt to aggregate in special reach in the upmost fluctuating backwater of reservoirs due to the effect of hydraulic sorting; persistent dredging here in a fixed dredging basin (FDB) can remove most CS and prevent it from entering the LYR. It is thus possible to ease or to cease LYR siltation. Removing CS has also proved to be able to save reservoir capacity (Zhou et al., 2010). Therefore, previously projected temporary trapping storages as the Xiaolangdi reservoir (XLDR) immediately upstream of LYR can be adjusted with new role to screen CS. The LYR can be protected without needing more dams. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on a study that investigates geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements (REE) of Baijintaizi gold deposit in Kang Ding County, Si Chuan Province, China. The study mentions that granite, silicide granite shows strongly negative Europium (Eu) anomaly whereas pyrite and quartz mineral of gold-bearing quartz vein in the deposit shows positive Eu anomalies. Also the study reveals that the deposit may be associated with deep magma.

The spontaneous pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of rural residents is essential for rural environmental governance. Existing studies have primarily focused on the impact of objective factors on individual PEB, while less attention has been paid to the role of subjective factors, such as rural residents' subjective well-being, in shaping such behaviors. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data, this study evaluates the impact of subjective well-being on the PEB of rural residents. The results show that subjective well-being significantly promoted the PEB in both the private sphere with reciprocity and the public sphere with altruistic attributes. Subjective well-being affected PEB mainly by enhancing rural residents' social interaction and reciprocity with others and raising their fraternity and altruism. Moreover, the positive effect was mainly driven by women and individuals with more environmental knowledge. Therefore, enhancing rural residents' subjective well-being is not only an important development goal, but also the starting point and foothold of solving the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection and promoting social harmony.

Background: Human landing catch (HLC) is the most efficient method for Aedes monitoring, but it is not ethical due to its high risk of human exposure to pathogens. We designed trials to assess the performance of an alternative human-baited double net trap (HDN) for field Aedes albopictus monitoring compared with the standard HLC., Methods: Outdoor HDN and HLC catches were conducted simultaneously at 15 field sites on two sunny days in mid-July and August. The tests were performed 3 h apart: an early morning period (7:30-8:30 h), a pre-sunset period (16:30-17:30 h) and a post-sunset period (18:30-19:30 h). A total of 90 comparisons were made between the two methods. Field comparisons were designed to minimize half-hour bias and human-bait attraction bias., Results: Two mosquito species were collected by HDN and HLC, with the predominated species being Ae. albopictus (HDN: n = 1325, 97.35% of total; HLC: n = 531, 92.51% of total). A small proportion were adults of the Culex pipiens complex (HDN: n = 36, 2.65% of total; HLC: n = 43, 7.49% of total). Although the mean Ae. albopictus catch per hour of HLC was significantly higher than HDN (14.72 vs 5.90 per h, t (178) = 3.151, P = 0.003), there were significant positive spatial and temporal correlations between HLC and HDN for Ae. albopictus sampling among different sites and hours (r (90) = 0.785, P < 0.001; r (90) = 0.785, P < 0.001). Both methods proved that Ae. albopictus was most active during the hours before sunset and least active after sunset. No significant variation was observed in Ae. albopictus catch size of HDN between groups of more attractive and less attractive humans (3.38 vs 2.51 per 30 min, t (88) = 1.283, P = 0.201)., Conclusions: With moderate sampling efficiency, significantly positive spatial correlation with HLC, and less human-bait attraction bias, HDN appears to be a safer alternative to HLC for Ae. albopictus monitoring in Shanghai. With mosquito activity peaking in the pre-sunset hours, Ae. albopictus catches of HDN should be performed in the hours before dark. The trap design could be improved to make it more portable and easier for field operation.

Cancer has become the leading cause of death and a major burden to public health in China. The current study analyzed the composition, incidence, mortality, and temporal trends for some major cancer types among permanent residents in Luwan district of Shanghai from 2002 to 2011, so as to provide data for cancer research. Data were collected from the database of cancer registration and management system in Shanghai. Number of new cases, number of deaths, incidence, and mortality of each cancer type were calculated. The incidence and mortality rates were standardized. Temporal trends in the incidence and mortality were assessed using average annual percent change. There were 12,843 new cancer cases and 8,331 deaths from cancer in Luwan from January 2002 to December 2011. Age-standardized incidence rates by Segi's standard were 229.46 and 205.05 per 100,000 population for males and females, respectively. For males, the most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung, colorectal, stomach, liver, prostate, bladder, pancreas, kidney, lymphoma, and esophageal cancers; for females, they were breast, colorectal, lung, stomach, thyroid, liver, ovary, pancreas, uterus, and brain cancers. The incidence rates for all cancers combined increased significantly for both males and females from 2002 to 2011 (p < 0.05 for both). Age-standardized mortality rates were 147.04 and 90.62 per 100,000 population for males and females, respectively. The mortality rates have stayed stable during the 10-year period for both males and females (p > 0.05 for both). Our results suggest that cancer incidence and mortality rates in Luwan district of Shanghai vary by age, sex, tumor type. The increasing trends in cancer incidence call for effective prevention and control measures in the district. The significance of cancer registration for disease surveillance and management needs to be further advocated.

Objective: To access the effects of life style interventions on impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in Shanghai urban communities, China., Method: Two communities were randomly cluster-sampled to be carried out epidemiological intervention trial. Totally, 232 subjects with IGR were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control group,sports intervention group, diet intervention group, and sports and diet intervention group with the physical examinations in the baseline and end of this study respectively. Tests for fasting blood glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, total cholesterol,etc. were done. Data statistical analysis was occupied in SPSS 16.0., Results: Compared to subjects of control group,fasting blood glucose, OGTT, HbAlc,total cholesterol,BMI,waist hip ratio and blood pressures were significantly decreased among subjects with three interventions (P < 0.05). Triglyceride were significantly decreased among subjects with sports intervention and sports and diet intervention (P < 0.05). High density lipids was significantly increased among subjects with sports and diet intervention (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in 6 months cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus between control group and interventions groups (8.6% vs. 0, Fisher' s exact P = 0.002), and the rate of transferring into normal blood glucose levels (fasting blood glucose < 5.6 mmol/L and 2 hours OGTT < 7.8 mmol/L) in control group was lower than those in three interventions group (3.4% vs. 8.6%, 14.0% and 16.9%, respectively) but only significant difference was observed between control group and sports and diet intervention group (OR = 5.74, 95% CI 1. 19-27. 64, P = 0.029)., Conclusion: The life style interventions could decrease the risk of diabetes mellitus, help their transferring into normal blood glucose, and improve diabetic measures for the IGR population in Shanghai urban communities.