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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure, may be influenced by metabolic gene polymorphisms. Such knowledge could benefit us in understanding the inter-individual difference in the mechanism of PAHs-induced carcinogenesis. We investigated the influence of gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP concentrations in 447 coke oven workers from two coking plants in south China. After adjustment for age, plant, level of occupational exposure, body mass index, level of education, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and respirator usage, AhR R554K (rs2066853), UGT1A1 −3263T>G (rs4124874) and GSTP1 I105V (rs1695) were associated with urinary 1-OHP excretion with the p-value of 0.053, 0.006 and 0.021, respectively. The concentrations of urinary 1-OHP (Geometric mean, μmol/mol creatinine) in the homozygous major variant carriers and homozygous minor variant carriers for AhR R554K, UGT1A1 −3263T>G and GSTP1 I105V were listed as follows: 4.20 and 5.12, 5.11 and 3.92, 4.93 and 2.91, respectively. GSTT1 present carriers had a significantly higher urinary 1-OHP level than that in null carriers in the case with AhR R554K GA/AA carriers (5.17 vs. 3.64 μmol/mol creatinine, p =0.038), as well as in the case with UGT1A1 −3263T>G TG/GG carriers (5.67 vs. 3.38 μmol/mol creatinine, p =0.001). These results showed that AhR, UGT1A1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were associated with urinary 1-OHP concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. No influence was found in the association between urinary 1-OHP and other genetic polymorphisms such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, EPHX1, EPHX2 in this population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

N -heterocyclic compounds and their biological activities are very well known to every researcher. Out of all N -heterocycles, pyrazole is one of the important N -heterocyclic compounds which is a planar five membered aromatic ring with six delocalized π-electrons. As there are various synthetic routes available in literature for the synthesis of pyrazoles, we put our effort for C(sp2)-H arylation of pyrazole derivatives. In this review, we try to describe C(sp2)-H arylation in various positions of pyrazole ring (C-3, C-4, C-5 and N–arylation) through activation or substitution and their medicinal properties associated with it. As the literature reveals, such kind of C(sp2)-H and N–H arylated pyrazoles possess astonishing medicinal properties, they can be firmly incorporated into novel drug molecules which is enough for these molecules to promote themselves as an interesting topic in the present era. [Display omitted] • The political system in China is often referred to as political meritocracy. • Develop a simple model of political meritocracy that captures democracy as a special case. • Explore the strengths and weaknesses of a meritocratic system relative to a democratic system. • Political meritocrats choose economic policies that lead to higher income but less public goods. • A threshold degree of political inclusiveness above which meritocracy dominates democracy in welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]