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Background: Recently, decision-making process has become increasingly complex. But there is limited information on Chinese patients' views of shared decision making (SDM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This questionnaire investigation aimed to understand Chinese patients' perspectives and expectations of SDM in IBD and analyze the possible factors that influence their views.Methods: An online survey was conducted from July 19th to 24th, 2020. A total of 1118 patients completed the survey.Results: One-third of patients were dissatisfied with the current decision-making model, and the satisfaction of inpatients was lower than that of outpatients. 84% of patients preferred to participate in SDM, who were young and had a high education level, high income, commercial insurance, strong learning ability and knowledge of SDM. Most of those who did not want to participate (72%) were worried about the cost. The kind of medicine (948, 84.8%), surgical indications (505, 45.2%) and operation methods (482, 43.1%) were the topics that patients thought most require SDM. Side effects of medicine (837, 74.9%), costs of therapy (675, 60.4%), and surgical risks (563, 50.4%) were considered to be the most influential factors for SDM. 52.7% of all patients hoped experts in different disciplines would participate in SDM. The most desirable amount of time for discussion was 30 to 60 min (562/1118, 50.3%), that were associated with the cost of SDM.Conclusion: We can meet the needs of patients by reducing costs and strengthening online patient education and exploring a model suitable for Chinese IBD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring access to water is one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Water demand management, which has emerged as an important approach to secure water supply, should be underpinned by a good understanding of how the public perceive their use of water. In this study, we investigated public perceptions of physical and virtual water in China through online surveys using the multi-level regression models (two-level models). Based on 3262 responses, we found that overall, participants underestimated water uses and differences between water uses (daily potable water of an adult, shower, toilet flushing, etc.). Most participants did not possess the knowledge of virtual water embedded in their daily consumed products. Individuals showed rather different perceptions in water use, which were affected by gender, age, education, resource and environmental attitude, water saving behaviors, water price and residential water source. In combination with previous findings in the United States, we concluded that despite different natural water endowment and socio-economic and cultural conditions, underestimation of water use is commonly shared by Chinese and Americans. This highlights a need of strengthening public knowledge of water use. The results are useful in informing policies to enhance the public's awareness of water use towards improved water demand management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an international pandemic. So far, little is known about the role of an internet approach in COVID-19 participatory surveillance., Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether an online survey can provide population-level information for observing prevalence trends during the early phase of an outbreak and identifying potential risk factors of COVID-19 infection., Methods: A 10-item online questionnaire was developed according to medical guidelines and relevant publications. It was distributed between January 24 and February 17, 2020. The characteristics of respondents and temporal changes of various questionnaire-derived indicators were analyzed., Results: A total of 18,161 questionnaires were returned, including 6.45% (n=1171) from Wuhan City. Geographical distributions of the respondents were consistent with the population per province (R 2 =0.61, P<.001). History of contact significantly decreased with time, both outside Wuhan City (R 2 =0.35, P=.002) and outside Hubei Province (R 2 =0.42, P<.001). The percentage of respondents reporting a fever peaked around February 8 (R 2 =0.57, P<.001) and increased with a history of contact in the areas outside Wuhan City (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52, P<.001). Male sex, advanced age, and lung diseases were associated with a higher risk of fever in the general population with a history of contact., Conclusions: This study shows the usefulness of an online questionnaire for the surveillance of outbreaks like COVID-19 by providing information about trends of the disease and aiding the identification of potential risk factors., (©Hongxing Luo, Yongchan Lie, Frits W Prinzen. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 27.04.2020.)