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Objective: To assess the reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of a short-form of Health Literacy Dental scale (HeLD-14) in 3-6 years old preschool children's parents., Methods: The study population consisted of those eligible 3-6 years old preschool children's parents in Yanqing District, Beijing, China in 2021. A total of 1 479 preschool children's parents were surveyed by questionnaire to understand the general situation of parents and oral health literacy related content. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for statistical analysis. Through Cronbach's α coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation calculation, Student's t test and other methods, the internal consistency reliability, structure validity, calibration validity and discrimination validity of the scale were evaluated., Results: The Cronbach's α coefficient of Chinese version HeLD-14 scale was 0.958, and Cronbach's α coefficient of different constructs ranged from 0.778 to 0.963. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of each item of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale were between 0.719 and 0.977 ( P < 0.001), root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.04, comparative fix index (CFI)=0.992, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.988, and the model had good goodness of fit. The total score of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale and the scores of the dimension of concerning, understanding, supporting, financial burden, medical treatment, communication, and application were all positively correlated with general self-efficacy, and the correlation coefficients were 0.439, 0.406, 0.370, 0.344, 0.346, 0.367, 0.373, 0.390, respectively ( P all < 0.05). For parents in the high group with the top 27% HeLD-14 score, the average HeLD-14 score was 69.27±1.06, which was higher than the low group with the bottom 27% HeLD-14 score, 41.29±11.09 ( t =48.13, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The Chinese version HeLD-14 scale has good reliability and validity in the 3-6 years old preschool children's parents, and can be used as a tool to assess the oral health literacy of parents of preschool children.

Objectives: To investigate the association between auditory processing and problem behaviors in preschool children, as well as the mediating role of executive function., Methods: A total of 2 342 preschool children were selected from 7 kindergartens in Nanjing, China from June to August 2021. They were evaluated using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool version. Children with different demographic features were compared in the scores and the abnormality rates of auditory processing, problem behaviors, and executive function. The influencing factors of the total scores of auditory processing, problem behaviors, and executive function were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Whether executive function was a mediating factor between auditory processing and executive function was examined., Results: Sex and grade were the main influencing factors for the total score of auditory processing ( P <0.05), and sex, grade, parental education level, and family economic status were the main influencing factors for the total scores of problem behaviors and executive function ( P <0.05). The auditory processing score ( r s =0.458, P <0.05) and problem behavior score ( r s =0.185, P <0.05) were significantly positively correlated with the executive function score, and the auditory processing score was significantly positively correlated with the problem behavior score ( r s =0.423, P <0.05). Executive function played a partial mediating role between auditory processing and problem behaviors, and the mediating effect accounted for 33.44% of the total effect., Conclusions: Auditory processing can directly affect the problem behaviors of preschool children and indirectly affect problem behaviors through executive function.

Objectives: This study aims to understand the prevalence and treatment status of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in China among the past five years., Methods: Databases including CNKI, WanFang data, VIP, MEDLINE, EMBASE were systematically searched for the epidemiological literature of dental caries in preschool children in China from 2017 to 2022 for Meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was carried out by sex, age, geographical region, ethnology, and residence., Results: The Meta-analysis enrolled 27 literatures, including 72 788 preschool children; of which, 38 344 children had dental caries. The merged prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was 59.3% (95%CI: 54.6%-63.9%), and the merged filling rate of caries was 5.7% (95%CI: 2.5%-8.8%). In the subgroup analysis, the merged prevalence rates of caries in children aged 3, 4, and 5 years were 46.9% (95%CI: 42.5%-51.4%), 59.0% (95%CI: 55.1%-62.8%), and 67.3% (95%CI: 62.5%-72.2%), respectively, and the difference was significant. In addition, significant differences were found among different regions. The merged prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was the highest in northwest China (68.6%, 95%CI: 55.5%-81.8%) and the lowest in central China (49.1%, 95%CI: 47.3%-51.0%). The merged prevalence of dental caries was not significantly different among preschool children of different genders, ethnicities, and residence., Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in China is high and continuously increases. The oral health of preschool children should be comprehensively strengthened, and a three-level strategy should be implemented to prevent diseases.

Background There is limited information involving population data about the role of maternal health, fetal growth and neonatal health on children's developmental status at ages 4-7 years. Our aim was to determine the contribution of maternal, fetal and neonatal health to developmental status at ages 4-7 years. Methods In this 7-year follow-up prospective cohort study, a sample of 26 803 mothers participated in the beginning. Among their children, 19 187 voluntarily completed the development screening test or the social life ability survey, which were designed for two different age groups (<6 or ≥6 years old, respectively). Logistic regression analysis was used to link the data with the prenatal outcome card and interview questionnaire applied to pregnant women in previous study, to the analysis of various related factors such as demographic, socio-economic, disease and menstrual history, marriage and pregnancy care. Result Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used separately in two age groups [4-6 ( n = 8439) and 6-7 ( n = 10 748) years old] to analyse relative factors. Maternal age of 25-30 years, maternal education of high school and greater, family income and not drinking during pregnancy were associated with higher scores in development. Conclusion Both preconception and pregnancy health education and health care are the important maternal factors closely associated with children's cognitive and social competence. Public health policies for preconception care and public welfare for high-quality childcare are essential for improving children's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the persistent symptoms in preschool children after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection, and to provide a basis for developing follow-up plans after infection and reducing and preventing related symptoms after infection., Methods: The children, aged 0-5 years, who had Omicron BA.2 infection and were discharged from the pediatric ward of Shanghai Renji Hospital South Branch from April 13 to May 8, 2022, were enrolled as subjects, and related demographic and clinical data were collected. The children were followed up from the time to SARS-CoV-2 clearance for two consecutive tests with an interval of >24 hours till 4-5 weeks after clearance, and telephone follow-up was performed on the primary caregivers to investigate related persistent symptoms., Results: Among the 103 children who met the inclusion criteria, there were 61 boys and 42 girls, with a median age of 18 months. The primary caregivers who had received two or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine accounted for 64.1% (66/103). Fever (98.1%, 101/103) was the most common symptom in these children, followed by cough/expectoration (63.1%, 65/103), gastrointestinal problems (37.9%, 39/103), loss of appetite (30.1%, 31/103), weakness (27.2%, 28/103), and nasal obstruction/runny nose (16.5%, 17/103). The follow-up at 1 month after discharge reported that 44 children (42.7%) had at least one persistent symptom, including respiratory symptoms in 14 children (13.6%) and gastrointestinal problems in 19 children (18.4%). The children whose primary caregivers received two or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine had a significantly shorter time to SARS-CoV-2 clearance than those whose primary caregivers did not receive or only received one dose of COVID-19 vaccine ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of children with at least one persistent symptom ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Nearly half of the preschool children may have related persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, mainly gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Most of the symptoms may be mild, and continuous follow-up is needed to observe their outcomes. Vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine for primary caregivers has a certain protective effect on children.

Objectives: To study the correlation between neck circumference and body mass index and the value of neck circumference in identifying overweight and obesity in preschool children., Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit 3 719 children under 7 years from 10 kindergartens in Urumqi, China. General data were collected, and physical measurements were performed. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between neck circumference and body mass index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of neck circumference in identifying overweight/obesity. The Kappa consistency test was used to assess the consistency of neck circumference and body mass index in identifying overweight/obesity., Results: There was a positive correlation between neck circumference and body mass index in boys and girls of all ages ( r ≥0.50, P <0.001). According to body mass index as the criteria for overweight/obesity, the children were divided into an overweight/obesity group and a non-overweight/obesity group, and the analysis showed that the overweight/obesity group had a significantly larger neck circumference than the non-overweight/obesity group ( P <0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that neck circumference had an area under the ROC curve of >0.7 in identifying overweight/obesity for boys and girls. The Kappa consistency test showed that the neck circumference and body mass index had a Kappa value of >0.40 in identifying overweight/obesity in boys and girls of all ages., Conclusions: Neck circumference is positively correlated to body mass index, and neck circumference can be used to identify overweight/obesity in preschool children.

Objectives: To study the association between cesarean section and sensory integration dysfunction (SID) in preschool children through a prospective cohort study., Methods: Based on the multicenter mother-infant cohort established by the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2012, the sensory integration functions (three dimensions: vestibular balance, tactile defensiveness, and proprioception) of 392 preschool children were evaluated by the Chinese Children Sensory Integration Capacity Development Rating Scale in 2017. Births by cesarean section were the exposure factors, and the children born by vaginal delivery were enrolled as controls. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of cesarean section with each dimension of SID., Results: The prevalence rate of SID was 21.9% (86/392) among the preschool children, and the prevalence rates of vestibular balance disorder, tactile over-responsivity, and proprioceptive disorder were 5.9% (23/392), 5.4% (21/392), and 15.1% (59/392) respectively. After adjustment for the confounding factors including maternal age at delivery and maternal educational level and child birth situation, the cesarean section group had a significant increase in the risk of proprioceptive disorder ( RR =4.16, 95% CI : 1.41-12.30, P <0.05). The stratified analysis based on sex showed that the boys born by cesarean section had a significantly higher risk of proprioceptive disorder than those born by vaginal delivery ( RR =5.75, 95% CI : 1.26-26.40, P <0.05)., Conclusions: Cesarean section can significantly increase the risk of proprioceptive disorder in preschool children, especially in boys.

Background: Oral health research in children has focused both on identifying the risk factors for dental caries and on the impact the disease has on children's life., Aim: Identifying studies that used the salutogenic theory to investigate positive aspects to promote a healthy condition in preschool children., Design: A literature scoping review was conducted to answer the question: 'What has been produced in scientific literature about children's oral health with a salutogenic theoretical reference?' The checklist preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was applied. The research was conducted on the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no language, design, country or date restrictions. Three independent reviewers selected the studies to be included in the research, extracted data, and assessed the studies' contribution to the review., Results: Among the 38 studies retained, 10 were included, those were published between 2009 and 2018: five in Brazil, two in the United States of America, and one in Canada, China and India, respectively. All articles were published in English language. Nine studies investigated the relation between the parents'/caretakers' sense of coherence and aspects related to the children's oral health condition. One study investigated health factors among the parents of caries-free children., Conclusion: Salutogenic orientation must be included in oral health research, so that salutary and risk factors may coexist, contributing to a new perspective for oral health promotion among children., (© 2020 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)