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Improving carbon productivity is the main way to deal with climate change under China's targets for carbon emissions to peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. This study identified the spatial differentiation of influencing factors of agricultural carbon productivity at the city level in Taihu lake basin, and formed differentiated agricultural management strategies. The results show that: (1) Spatial differentiation of agricultural carbon productivity is obvious at city level. It can be divided into three echelons: the first echelon is Shanghai and Hangzhou (agricultural carbon productivity≥10,000 Yuan/t in 2019 with a growth rate ≥ 600% compared with 1992), the second echelon is Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou (9000 Yuan/t ≤ agricultural carbon productivity<10,000 Yuan/t in 2019 with 381% ≤ growth rate < 600% compared with 1992), and the third echelon is Zhenjiang, Huzhou and Jiaxing (agricultural carbon productivity<9000 Yuan/t in 2019 or a growth rate < 381% compared with 1992). (2) There is a synergetic evolution law between agricultural carbon productivity and agricultural economy, that is, agricultural economic development level is the first factor affecting agricultural carbon productivity, whether in the whole basin or in the city level. (3) There are significant differences in the influencing factors of agricultural carbon productivity at the city level. Finally, according to the spatial differentiation characteristics of influencing factors of agricultural carbon productivity at the city level in Taihu lake basin, we put forward different emphases of agricultural development in different cities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The gully control and land consolidation project is another major project of ecological environment management in Yan'an City following the Grain-for-Green project. Understanding the development and changes of the coupling relationship within agricultural eco-economic system in Yan'an City under the background of gully control and land consolidation project has important implications for scientific evaluation of ecological and economic benefits of the project as well as the coordination and sustainable development of agricultural eco-economy in the Loess Plateau. By constructing the coupling coordination degree model and coupling degree model of agricultural eco-economy system, we quantitatively analyzed the change of comprehensive evaluation index, state of coupling coordination, and trend of coupling degree evolution of the agricultural eco-economic system in Yan'an City from 2010 to 2018. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation index of agricultural ecology and agricultural economy systems in Yan'an City from 2010 to 2018 both followed an S-shaped growth curve, with consistent trend. The coupling coordination index of the agricultural eco-economic system increased from 0.51 to 0.72, while the coupling coordination state developed from the primary coordination level to a good coordination level. Such a result indicated continuous improvement of the relationship between agricultural ecology and economy in the region and the coupling relationship of the system were developing with the direction of mutual coordination. During the study period, the agricultural eco-economic system coupling evolution was complicated and experienced different stages, including decline coupling, coordination coupling, repair coupling, and coordination coupling again. The coupling relationship was at the stage of coordinated development of rapid economic growth in 2018. The gully control and land consolidation project promoted the coupled and coordinated development of agricultural eco-economic system, but with a lagging effect.