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Objective: To study the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among newly reported antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou during 2017-2018. Methods: CMV DNA was measured in plasma specimens of newly reported ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients by quantitative PCR. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate CMV viremia correlations among the individuals. Results: Of 612 HIV/AIDS patients, 480 (78.4%) were male, 125 (20.4%) were over 60 years old, 177 (28.9%) were infected via homosexual transmission, and 430 (70.3%) via heterosexual transmission. The prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV/AIDS patients was 13.4% (82/612). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CMV viremia in CD 4 + lymphocyte cells counts (CD 4 + ) ≤200 cells/μl group was higher than CD 4 counts >500 cells/μl ( OR =5.10, 95% CI :1.74-14.96, P =0.003); The median CMV DNA level (log 10 ) of 82 viremic patients was 1.57 ( P 25 , P 75 :1.04,2.13); Viremic patients with CD 4 counts ≤200 cells/μl had the highest CMV viral load ( P <0.01). Conclusions: Among ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients, the prevalence of CMV viremia was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between CMV viremia and the course of HIV infection.

Road crashes have become a leading cause of death in China. Although enormous efforts have been exerted to determine the factors that affect individual crash incidents, neighborhood-level crash incidence in Chinese cities has not been sufficiently analyzed. This study fills this gap by quantifying the effects of built environment factors on neighborhood-level automobile-involved crash density (NACD) in urban China and identifying its mediators and mediating effects. In American suburbs, urban sprawl is widely recognized to render neighborhoods unsafe for residence, thus leading to a high crash incidence. This study compares the characteristics of built environments between inner-city neighborhoods and the new neighborhoods that have been developed through China's state-led suburbanization since 2008 to reveal how this suburbanization provides a safer neighborhood environment. A structural equation model is used to examine the relationships among suburbanization, built environment factors, and NACD in the city proper of Chengdu, the largest metropolis in southwest China. Thus, this study contributes new empirical evidence to the debates over urban designs that are safest for traffic. Moreover, this study enriches our understanding of different sociospatial consequences between American-style urban sprawl and China's state-led suburbanization., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Urban construction is a major contributor to air pollution, but few studies have examined heavy metal pollution in urban areas caused by construction dust fall. We measured the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Hg and particle size distribution in dust fall from various construction activities in seven fast-developing cities in China and conducted a health risk assessment. Mean metal concentrations in construction dust fall were on the order of Zn (246.3 mg/kg) > Cr (94.2 mg/kg) > Pb (56.5 mg/kg) > Cu (53.6 mg/kg) > Ni (22.8 mg/kg) > Cd (0.68 mg/kg) > Hg (0.08 mg/kg). Cu and Zn were positively correlated in areas of subway and building construction, and Pb and Cd were positively correlated in areas of road construction, likely because of the materials specific to these activities. Enrichment factors for heavy metals at all sampling sites were on the order of Cd (10.4) > Zn (6.37) > Cu (4.25) > Pb (3.84) > Hg (2.41) > Cr (2.02) > Ni (1.32). The enrichment factors for all metals except Zn indicated that heavy metal pollution was highest in road construction, followed by building and subway construction. Non-carcinogenic risks to children (hazard index >1) were 1.01-1.08 in four of the seven sampling sites, indicating possible risk from deposition of construction dust fall. In contrast, the hazard index for adults was <1 at the seven cities and total carcinogenic risks (<1 × 10 -6 ) were at acceptable levels. An integrated ecological risk assessment demonstrated that heavy metal particles in construction dust fall in two of the cities (Shijiazhuang and Qingdao) were likely to be suspended in the atmosphere. Our study of heavy metal pollution in construction dust fall provides data on ecological and human health impacts and suggests that extensive measures are required to control construction dust fall in China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)