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Background: Few studies have investigated the effects of air pollutants on children with acute bronchitis. This study aimed to explore the acute effects of four air pollutants [fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )] on the daily number of children admitted to the hospital for acute bronchitis in Sichuan Province, China., Methods: The 49,975 records of hospitalized children with acute bronchitis from medical institutions in nine cities/prefectures, Sichuan Province, China, as well as the simultaneous meteorological data and air pollution data from 183 monitoring sites, were collected from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. A generalized additive model was adopted to analyze the exposure-response and lag effects of hospitalizations of children with acute bronchitis to air pollutants. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, age, and season., Results: The single-pollutant model showed that a 10 µg/m 3 increase at lag07 of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO 2 corresponded to an increase of 1.23% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21-2.26%], 1.33% (95% CI 0.62-2.05%), 23.52% (95% CI 11.52-36.81%), and 12.47% (95% CI 8.46-16.64%) in daily hospitalizations for children with acute bronchitis, respectively. Children aged 0-2 were more prone to PM 2.5 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the effects were stronger in the warm season than in transition seasons and the cool season for PM 2.5 and PM 10 (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The higher daily average concentrations of four pollutants in Sichuan Province can result in an increased number of children hospitalized for acute bronchitis., (© 2022. Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.)

Background: Depression has become the most common mental disease globally and is a strong predictor for suicide. Studies have indicated that exposure to high levels of air pollution increased the risk of depression, but evidence in human populations is still limited. At present, a few studies estimated the impact of multi-pollutants on hospitalization for depression in multi-city in areas with severe air pollution. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to common ambient air pollutants and hospital admissions (HAs) for depression based on statistics of inpatients with depression in multi-city., Methods: The 10,459 records of HAs for depression from medical institutions in nine cities/prefectures, Sichuan Province, China, between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 were collected. Air pollutant data including PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 from provincial ecological environment monitoring stations were obtained. Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, we estimated the impact on relative risk (RR) of short-term exposure to air pollutants on hospitalization for depression, with stratification by sex, age, and economic level. The cost of illness method was used to further assess hospitalization costs., Results: The short-term exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with hospitalization for depression. The increase of air particulate matter (PM) had the strongest effect on lag 0 day (PM 2.5 :1.037 (95% CI:1.022,1.052), PM 10 :1.024 (95% CI:1.013,1.036)). The effects of SO 2 reached the peak on lag 2 day (1.317 (95% CI:1.151,1.507)). Women and older people were more likely to be affected by air pollutants and prone to depression (P = 0.013, P = 0.006). During the study period, the economic cost of hospitalization for depression caused by PM pollution was US$ 8.36 million., Limitations: The air pollutant concentration level of the monitoring stations in the study area was regarded as personal pollutant exposure, which may not accurately reflect the patient's exposure level, resulting in a certain measurement error., Conclusions: Short-term changes to ambient air pollution exposure may increase the risk of hospital admissions for depression and cause economic costs due to hospitalization., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Some prevalent but rarely studied causes of hospital admissions, such as sepsis is still unknown whether affected by air pollution., Methods: We used time-series regression within generalized additive models to estimate the effect of air pollutant level on the sepsis-related hospital admissions, for the years 2017-18, using data from six cities in Sichuan, China. Potential effect modifications by age and sex were also explored. The effects of air pollutant on hospital stays for sepsis were also quantified., Results: Positive associations between short-term exposure to NO 2 and O 3 and risk of sepsis-related hospital admissions and stays were found. Each 10 μg/m 3 increase in short-term NO 2 at lag 03 and O 3 at lag 4 was associated with an increase of 2.76% (95% CI: 0.67, 4.84%) and 0.64% (95% CI: 0.14, 1.14%) hospital admissions, respectively. An increase of 0.72% (95% CI: 0.05, 1.40%) hospital stay was associated with 10 μg/m 3 increase in O 3 concentration at lag 4. Besides, the adverse effect of exposure to NO 2 was more significant in males and population aged less than 14 years; while more significant in females and population aged 14 ~ 65 and over 65 years for exposure to O 3 . These associations remained stable after the adjustment of other air pollutants.8., Conclusion: Exposure to ambient NO 2 and O 3 may cause substantial sepsis hospitalizations, and hospital stays in Sichuan, China. These associations were different in subgroup by age and sex.