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Copyright of Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Turisticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to examine cruise passengers' characteristics, preferences and their overall experience in a port of call. Based on 1,361 survey data collected from passengers in the port of call of Cartagena, during the third quarter of 2009, a three-step multivariate market segment analysis is employed. First, a correspondence analysis is run to reveal the underlying factors in the data; second, based on the correspondence analysis, a hierarchical cluster investigation is performed to segment the sample into homogeneous groups; third, a decision tree is computed to characterise each group. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct market segments differentiated by nationality, satisfaction, safety perception and expenditure. The findings imply several policy directions. In particular, institutions should enhance the perception of safety in Cartagena to guarantee repeated visits, an ad hoc marketing policy may encourage revisit by young South Americans, and managers should extend the inland visiting time that is likely to produce local multiplier effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose |!|#8211; The purpose of this paper is to explain the onshore satisfaction of cruise passengers, in the port of call of Cartagena de Indias. Design/methodology/approach |!|#8211; A questionnaire was given to 1,361 passengers of 28 cruise ships during October and November of 2009, then factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed. Findings |!|#8211; The results suggest that although visitors held a high overall satisfaction of the onshore experience, there are two dimensions that require the attention of tourist policy makers: the city infrastructure (traffic, noise, cleanliness and infrastructure) and the general shopping experience. In particular, the worst experience seems to be related to street vendors. Moreover, there is evidence that tourists from the USA are more exigent of being fully satisfied. Research limitations/implications |!|#8211; The survey was only conducted in the months of October and November. Future research can also include the repetition of the study in different seasons to compare results. The study shows that there is a good potential for the growth of tourism activity of the destination because over 52 per cent of the participants declared their intention of return to the city as land tourists and more than 60 per cent will recommend the destination to their friends. Originality/value |!|#8211; The application of known methodologies to an emergent destination, in which many stakeholders are involved and concerned about cruise tourism evolution and its effects on the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The success of the port of Cartagena de Indias, the city with the most extensive fortifications in South America, has rewarded the efforts made by the national Government and the private sector to bring the major cruise companies back to Colombia. This study aims to expand cruise tourism research by analyzing cruisers’ experience and the economic impact of cruise tourism in the specific case of a home port destination. Survey data were collected from 402 passengers that embarked in Cartagena de Indias during the 2009–2010 season. A factor-cluster analysis was developed to segment cruisers and identify the factors that influence their perception and expenditure pattern. Three clusters were obtained, reflecting the differences in length of stay at the destination: passengers in transit, long and short stay passengers. Although the total impact for a homeport is expected to be higher than that for a port of call, in this study the evidence shows that most passengers in Cartagena stay for a short period of time before embarking and their contribution to the local economy is fairly negligible. Findings from an OLS and a censured-Tobit analysis on the same data highlight that first time cruisers, with a high education level and belonging to the “long stay” cluster, have a higher than average spending capacity. The findings have several policy, marketing and management implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cruise tourism is growing faster than any other sector of the tourism industry, producing different impacts on destinations. From the social and economic viewpoint, the interactions between the different actors of the exchange process – cruise passengers, crew, residents, and producers of the tourism products – can bring both positive and negative consequences. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the local population perceives the impacts of cruise tourism and which factors do affect the relationship between impacts and perceptions’ formation. The research involves primary data collection in Cartagena de Indias during the peak of the cruise season in the last trimester of 2009. The number and quality of the 1,004 questionnaires collected allowed us to perform a quantitative analysis of the hosts’ perceptions and attitudes. A cluster analysis demonstrated the existence of four different groups, within which members have common features and similar perceptions and attitudes. In general, it has revealed a positive recognition of the economic impacts of tourism. Also, social and cultural impacts are recognised to be positive, but at a lower degree. In terms of future tourism polices, the different groups identified in the cluster analysis exert different positions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Turisticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the effects in the long-run between tourism and the economic growth in the regions of Antioquia, Bolivar, Bogotá, Magdalena and San Andrés and Providencia of Colombia. Using annual data from 1990 to 2005, the study uses cointegration analysis to consider the existence of Vector Error Correction Model (VEC) among real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), tourism expenditures and real exchange rates. We show that the causality relationship is positive and unidirectional for all the regions but the values of elasticity are considerable different. Finally, we compare our study with similar papers also investigating the tourism-led growth hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of tourism to economic growth in Colombia. First, we perform an ex-post analysis and quantify the contribution of the tourism to economic growth from the early 90's until 2006 by disaggregating growth of real GDP per capita into economic growth generated by tourism and by other industries. Second, we analyze if international tourism is a strategic factor for long-run economic growth for Colombia. This believes that tourism can cause long-run economic growth it is known in the literature as the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The hypothesis is tested empirically by using the cointegration test by Johansen and the Granger Causality test. We find empirical evidence for one cointegrated vector among real GDP per capita, Colombian tourism expenditures and real exchange rates, where the latter two variables are weakly exogenous to the model. The Granger causality test suggests that causality in this model goes from tourism expenditures to real GDP per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]