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Copyright of Palermo Business Review is the property of Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tendencias: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas is the property of Universidad de Narino, Facultad de Ciencias Economics y Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of F@ro: Revista Teórica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación y de la Información is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The complexity of the current problems in the Colombian countryside puts at risk the sustainability of family Agricultural Production Units (UPA for its acronym in Spanish). Consequently, it becomes a fundamental study area for the improvement of the rural economy. For this reason, a documentary, field investigation was developed on a case study located in Lebrija, Colombia, for the systemic analysis of economic sustainability in 10 UPAS promoters of sustainable agriculture. The results allowed to establish the effectiveness of the ES in the Characterization of UPAs. It was identified that the lack of investment in infrastructure and appropriate technologies has made the UPAs to allocate 50% of its total area for inadequate grazing. This distribution of land threatens the sustainability of the economy of local families, given that the production and profitability of livestock are not enough for their livelihood and the maintenance of pastures. The inadequate grazing generates large amounts of manure that pollutes the environment. The above affects the congruence between the productive activities and the philosophical principles of the UPAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lámpsakos is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo, Facultad de Ingenierias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Libre Empresa is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Libre Empresa is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regional cooperation is a context-dependent process that is better understood using a geographical approach; this is, accounting for the region as part of the explanation for and not only as the container in which cooperative agreements operate. The case of the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia, a bottom-up regional cooperation process that resulted in a regional trademark, illustrates what roles are played by a diversity of local actors and how local socio-economic conditions influence cooperation agreements. The case highlights the inadequacy of inflexible jurisdictional boundaries and the limitations of preexisting categories (such as inter-municipal cooperation or metropolitan areas). The empirical evidence includes the analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community participation has been promoted as a way to improve development outcomes, but decades of experience have shown that participation is most effective when beneficiaries have more control over decisions. The capabilities approach promotes such meaningful participation, arguing that opportunities to self-define and self-determine are fundamental for improving well-being. This study examines the capabilities approach in practice among community-managed water supply and sanitation (WSS) providers in the rural areas of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. These organizations have built their infrastructure systems through autonomous efforts and in collaboration with support networks involving their peers and WSS support institutions. This study analyzes the processes through which these networks formed, how they facilitate access to information and resources, and how they have gained a stronger voice in WSS governance. The evolution of these networks, guided by practical necessity and a desire for a democratic, rights-centered approach to WSS, has empowered the organizations to interact assertively with support institutions, which now engage on their terms. This approach has been credited with measurable improvements in service quality and coverage and is already being promoted throughout Colombia and Latin America, where parallel struggles for autonomy and collective WSS management may learn from these experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Education in Colombia has been established as a fundamental constitutional right guaranteed by the state. Education and its implementation are a shared responsibility in which regional and municipal governments, as well as educational institutions and grassroots social organizations participate to contribute from their field of action to the quality of schooling in their municipalities and rural areas. Aims: To identify the different processes of rural development and associativity implemented to strengthen public education in the indigenous community of Ébera Katio of Santa Teresa's village and the tri-ethnic community of the city of Santa Cecilia in Pueblo Rico, Risaralda. Methodology: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional, and it was conducted using a qualitative approach. Four study variables, including education-pedagogy, assistance-technical support, actors-allies, and participation spaces, were established to understand executed actions and the aspects to be improved in the development strategies of rural areas. Results: Among the most important findings, we were able to establish the vitality of promoting theoretical and practical knowledge processes in rural areas through the implementation of participative methodologies designed to invigorate the resources of the territory and to facilitate the participation of the Dokabú and Kemberde communities in a municipality in Pueblo Rico, Risaralda. Conclusions: By encouraging theoretical and practical knowledge processes in rural areas, it was possible to complement the required strategies to strengthen education and rural development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this retrospective qualitative research was to reveal the effects perceived by peas producers in the municipality of Puerres located in the Department of Nariño (Colombia), after the adoption of varieties of pea (Pisum sativum) Obonuco Andina and Obonuco San Isidro. For this reason, a process of participatory construction was carried out with rural and indigenous population, with whom the productive, sociocultural and environmental dynamics of the territory were analyzed. The study covered the period between 1980 and 2017 which allowed us to determine the perception of the two focus groups against the mentioned dimensions and their effects on the territory. The results indicate that, in addition to the agronomic attributes of the two varieties under study and their acceptance in the market, aspects were presented that pressed the territory and acted as catalysts for its adoption. Likewise, it was determined that, in addition to the productive reconversion of cereal crops, these varieties were established as the productive option both economically and socially sustainable, given the need for the substitution of illegal crops in southern Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At sidewalk San Roque in the municipality of Morales, Cauca - Colombia, this research was carried out in order to characterize production units to identify the appropriate production systems according to soil and climatic conditions, contribute to the improvement of production, food security, and development of the region. A participative diagnosis of the coffee production was carried out in 5 productive units of the village, where the strategies to improve coffee production techniques, cultivars and breeding of smaller species, which can be established in each farm, were defined participatively; In the same way, training was carried out to contribute to the improvement of the productive systems, and to train promoters, technicians and beneficiary producers. It was concluded that coffee is the main source of employment and sustenance for families, but agronomic management is not the appropriate one; coffee production is at the level of microfarms with very low level of technology and low productivity, affecting the family economy; food security has serious deficiencies, due to the absence of temporary crops and the quality of drinking water was identified as causing gastrointestinal diseases, because they are not treated due to lack of aqueduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia Política is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses the policies of Colombian agricultural modernization from the period 1996 - 2008, which was exposed to an extreme change on the growth trend of agronomic total productivity factors (PTF) and suffered one of the most violent periods in Colombia. This paper takes into consideration the state-supported credit system that existed and aimed to allow the agricultural sector to compete with external markets, seeking equilibrium between measures aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and those directed at rural wellbeing. In this context, Colombia is working to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector; nevertheless, over 95% of resources are provided based on financial criteria and less than 5% are directed toward other necessities. Financing through credit explains one aspect of the evolution of Colombian agricultural production. It is because of this that smallholder farmers with a high level of social capital have to compete using the same rules as large-scale producers, exporters and emerging producers, all of whom are favored as politically strategic sectors in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). This creates a complex agricultural landscape, as it aims to maintain large, medium and small producers while the volume of money granted is not proportional to the number of beneficiaries. This means that, in some cases, agricultural social policies are ineffective, perpetuating subsistence agriculture with low levels of technology and productivity. Some exceptions exist, however, such as in the case of coffee, banana, potato and rice producers who are supported by producer associations, allowing them to have some political weight and consequently greater competitiveness. For this reason, the experiences of the FTA should be reviewed from a technical, economic and social cost standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-standing conflict in Colombia has inflicted substantial costs on the population and the economic development of the country. Since conflict occurs mainly in the country's rural areas, the economic impacts of violence are higher for these territories. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of armed conflict on Colombia's rural population and the current conditions of rural areas as well as discuss whether the peace agreements with FARC may contribute to improve these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on assessing whether the main conditions required for smallholders' agricultural cooperatives to successfully develop are currently met in Colombia. The main objective is to formulate policy implications on how the State may contribute to facilitate that these organizations constitute vehicles for rural development. The article argues that the conditions that facilitate the development of agricultural cooperatives are not adequately achieved in Colombia. Furthermore, it suggests that the State and other external agents may have an important role to play in advancing these conditions. In short, it proposes the formulation of policies that allow the State to exert a facilitating role that aims to "midwife" the formation and development of self-reliant grassroots organizations. This "facilitatory" role would represent a third-way between two previous approaches that have failed in Colombia in the past: the "top-down" interventions on farmer enterprises devised by the State in the 1960s and 1970s and the "hands-off" approach that was indifferent toward the development of smallholder organizations in the 1990s and 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Equidad y Desarrollo is the property of Equidad y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an instrument of the Colombian market-led land reform, the Comprehensive Land Subsidy (SIT) provides for land entitlement to poor peasants and smallholders tied to the development of rural production projects, through a communal property regime in certain cases. Through the case study of Sandrana y Samaría, this paper seeks to analyze the extent to which this land reform instrument and its implementation conditions create the necessary framework for productive and community development based on the acquisition of a land title. To that end, the study focuses on the logic of the main aspects of this policy instrument in the context of the Colombian land reform policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia, supported by the hypothesis that international trade is the main source of economic growth and institutional modernization, chooses to export the agricultural products for which this country has comparative advantages. Since the 1990s, agrarian policy under the neoliberal model has been oriented toward the abovementioned aims. This article intends to demonstrate that this agrarian policy has strengthened the intensive business production of tropical crops to the detriment of peasant farmer production. Using the argument of turning rural farmers into business people, this policy has pauperized them. Whereas in the import substitution model, peasant farmers were functional in the model, in the neoliberal model, they cease to be functional. From being "exploited and included [ they become "exploited and excluded." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organizational system associated with the development of rural tourism in the department of Antioquia tends to establish informal networks. The purpose of this paper is to study the flow of information and the interdependence between stakeholders in Eastern and Southwestern networks, with the aim of understanding their impact on governance as a condition of development. Social Network Analysis is adopted in this paper. The results show two phenomena: first, information can flow faster in the Eastern network thanks to its density. Second, it is in the Southwestern network where public-private relations and public non-governmental actions determine the governance of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrarian Reform (AR) in Colombia is a strategic issue for the solution of problems affecting the country for years, such as rural violence, forced displacement, unemployment, poverty and drug trafficking. This research characterizes the historical process of RA by examining the evolution of the concept in different periods, and establishing the new approach that addresses this. The analysis shows the existence of eleven historical periods (from 1200 to present) and the evolution of RA, from a simple, one-sided approach in which only addressed the issue of land ownership to a focus integral that takes into account the articulation of agricultural issues to the social, economic and political, through planning proposals that integrate other aspects such as basic needs, access to credit, technical assistance and business partnership and participation in decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia, supported on the hypothesis that international trade is the main source of economic growth and institutional modernization, chooses the exportation of agricultural products in which this country has comparative advantages. The agrarian policy in the Neoliberal Model (years 1990- ) has been orientated towards the above mentioned intentions. This article intends to demonstrate that the agrarian policy has strengthened the intensive business production of the tropical cultivations resulting in the detriment of the peasant production. This policy, with the argument of turning the rural people into business people, has managed to lead these people into poverty. The thesis underlying this analysis is that whereas under the model of substitution of the imports the peasants were functional to the model, under the Neoliberalism Model they stop being functional and, in consequence, from being "exploited and included" they become "exploited and excluded". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning Routes is the name given to a continuous process of formal education in which successful cases of rural and local development are analyzed; the experiences and testimonies of those involved are highly valued and emphasized, so that those people themselves become trainers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Colombia, through the PADEMER (Spanish acronym for Rural Small Enterprise Support Program) and the Regional Corporation PROCASUR, established a technical and financial cooperation agreement in order to support the design and implementation of a learning route called Successful Rural Business Initiatives carried out by Colombian Small Enterprises: What we "Learned from Cauca to Nariño". The objective was to improve the managerial abilities of small rural enterprises and to contribute to the development of the technical services they provide in local markets. The process had positive results and fulfilled the expectations of both rural host organizations and small enterprises ("routers"), since it allowed: (i) sharing and learning from the successful experiences of six agricultural associations located in Cauca and Nariño; (ii) learning from the experience of organized producers who managed to overcome obstacles that prevented them from having access to new and better markets; (iii) seeing different ways of making incursions into markets; (iv) opening up spaces for analyzing successful experiences and discussing contingencies in each process; (v) fostering local identity in those regions where host organizations are located. The Learning Routes process accomplished the learning objectives that were clear at the end of the route in the presentation of three innovation plans made by routers, which will be carried out upon their return to their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an instrument of the Colombian market-led land reform, the Comprehensive Land Subsidy (SIT) provides for land entitlement to poor peasants and smallholders tied to the development of rural production projects, through a communal property regime in certain cases. Through the case study of Sandrana y Samaría, this paper seeks to analyze the extent to which this land reform instrument and its implementation conditions create the necessary framework for productive and community development based on the acquisition of a land title. To that end, the study focuses on the logic of the main aspects of this policy instrument in the context of the Colombian land reform policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]