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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The teaching process in medicine has challenges that can induce academic stress and thus affect mental health, so it is essential to take care of the mental health of future physicians. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the mental health of medical students at a private university in Colombia, adjusted for academic stress. Using a cross-sectional design, 443 students were recruited (68.4% women, 31.6% men) who completed a questionnaire with sociodemographic and academic variables, the Systemic Cognitive Inventory for the Study of Academic Stress and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory. Risk factors were analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model by Poisson family and log link. Thirty-eight point three percent of the students presented a level of mental health risk. Protective factors included regular physical activity (RPa = 0.78) and extracurricular activities (RPa = 0.75), while risk factors were psychoactive substance use (RPa = 1.36), energy drinks (RPa = 1.35) and having an alternative occupation to studying (RPa = 1.47). The study provided information on the need for intervention in factors beyond academic stress, seeking to maintain the well-being of students and thus avoid academic dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research with adolescent offenders is concerned with identifying risk and protective factors that influence recidivism and desistance from crime. A quantitative and cross-sectional investigation designed to examine the influence of risk and protective factors on recidivism in Colombian adolescents is presented. In seven regions of Colombia, a convenience sample was obtained, and 646 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (M = 17.08; SD: 1.23; 15 % girls) belonging to the Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA) participated. The Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS) was used for the evaluation. It evaluated a broad set of risk and protective factors identified through the community, school, family, peer group, individual conditions, and behavioral outcomes, including drug use, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and all CTC-YS factors were correlated with antisocial behavior. The results show varying degrees of relationship between the factors assessed and antisocial behavior. Binary logistic regression was used to determine which risk and protective factors influence recidivism. It was noted that favorable parental attitudes towards drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, low school engagement, and interaction with antisocial peers increases the probability of recidivism. Recidivism was identified as being affected by, among other factors, favorable parental attitudes toward drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, and low school engagement. It was also observed that beliefs in a moral order, opportunities for prosocial school participation and lower drug use frequency reduce the probability of recidivism. According to the results, the factors that influence criminal recidivism are multiple, and social, family, school, and individual factors need to be addressed. The need to intervene in attitudes favorable to antisocial behavior on the part of parents, strengthen school services, and carry out treatment for drug use to favor the reduction of recidivism in Colombian adolescents is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: academic training processes during the COVID-19 pandemic were supported by information technologies. However, the conditions of the setting where synchronous meetings take place as well as the disposition of the students can influence the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders. Purpose: to identify factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in dental students from northeastern Colombia who received virtual classes mediated by information technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional analytical study in students who received classes in virtual mode during social isolation due to COVID-19. The validated Kuorinka questionnaire was applied, with sociodemographic variables and postural practices during virtual classes. The association was evaluated with the Chi2 tests or Fischer's test with p <0.05 considered statistical significance. Results: a total of 170 participated (71.8 % women), median age of 20 years (IQR:19-22). In general, 81.8 % reported the presence of a musculoskeletal disorder in at least one anatomical site (upper limb), with the back being the most bothersome (70 %) and generating the need to change the workplace (64.1 %). The use of an inappropriate chair (neck disorder) and the lack of stretching as the use of an inappropriate table (shoulder disorder) were identified as associated factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was reported in dental students. Postural hygiene is a determining factor for the appearance of these events derived from remote classes mediated by technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis prevalent in one-third of the world's population, adversely affecting maternal-fetal health by causing varying degrees of damage to the fetus. Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and associated risk factors in firsttrimester pregnant women in Cúcuta, Colombia, in 2018. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study in 111 women who voluntarily participated. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by luminescence immunoassay (LIA). Results: Total seropositivity for IgM and IgG was 19.8% and 35.1%, respectively, 11.7% was for IgM only, and 53.2% corresponded to the overall seronegativity rate for T. gondii. Risk factors (CI = 95%) such as undercooked meat consumption (54.1% of cases, OR = 1.8, p = 0.120), tap water consumption (48.6%, OR = 1.4, p = 0.421), and goat or cow raw milk consumption (39.6%, OR = 0.78, p = 0.553) were identified; in addition, living with cats (23.4%) was identified as a risk factor significantly associated with parasite seropositivity (OR = 2.8, p = 0.025). Discussion and conclusions: Our findings showed a possible risk of primary infection in more than half of the pregnant population, given the seronegativity against the parasite. A considerable frequency of suspected cases of very recent infection was also found. In addition to being associated with a previously recognized risk factor, this fact suggests the presence of other dietary risks that should be addressed through prevention strategies during prenatal care and the need to strengthen event surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CES Psicologia is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Congenital malformations are routinely monitored; however further analysis of risk factors is required. The objective was to determine the incidence and prevalence of congenital malformations for the 2016-2017 period in Caldas and to explore the maternal risk factors. Methodology. A retrospective and descriptive study with a secondary source of information based on the cases notified by Caldas to the National Public Health Surveillance System of Colombia in the 2016-2017 period. Results. Between 2016-2017, 18,979 births occurred in Caldas, of which 282 had congenital malformations, with a prevalence of 14.8 per 1,000 live births. The highest frequency of malformations was found in the osteomuscular system with 101 cases (35.8%), followed by the central nervous system with 43 cases (15.2%). The mothers' mean age was 26.2 SD=7.2 years. A statistically significant association was found between the type of congenital malformation and maternal age (P <0.05), when the ages of between 21 to 33 years were excluded from the analysis. Discussion. The coverage of population reports has increased from local hospital levels to the national level. The need to go beyond monitoring to an in-depth analysis of risk factors is evident. Conclusions. The incidence and prevalence of congenital malformations in Caldas follows the national and regional trend. Maternal age is a sensitive risk factor for the primary prevention of congenital malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultura del Cuidado Enfermería is the property of Revista Cultura del Cuidado Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the incidence of low libido in women using the levonorgestrel (LNG) subdermal implant for contraception after 12 months and to identify other adverse effects. Materials and methods: Cohort study that included women over the age of 18, with no children or prior gestations and in a stable relationship, with an LNG implant inserted at least three months before in a private teaching hospital in Armenia (Quindío), Colombia, between 2014 and 2019. Women with a history of sexual dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections in the past six months, weighing more than 89 kg and difficult to follow were excluded. Consecutive sampling was used. The characteristics of the study population were described, the cumulative incidence of low libido and the adverse effects related to the LNG subdermal implant after 12 months of follow-up were estimated. The tool used was the Female Sexual Dysfunction Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: The participants were 238 women with a mean age of 24.69 (SD ± 5.82) years. An 18.82% incidence of low libido was found. In 60.25% of the women were diagnosed with low libido in the first 6 months of follow-up. Adverse effects manifested as early as 3 months after the insertion of the implant, the most frequent being irregular bleeding (62.34%), followed by amenorrhea (38.91%) and weight gain (33.89%). Conclusions: It is important for practitioners and users to become aware of the presence of low libido disorder and the adverse events that may occur with the use of the levonorgestrel subdermal implant. Future research is required to confirm these findings and the underlying physiological cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with mortality due to severe dengue in five departments in Colombia. Materials and methods. Case-control study with patients admitted between 2009 and 2013. The cases were patients who died from dengue and the controls where patients with severe dengue who survived the disease. A multivariate analysis using the Mantel- Haenszel procedure identified risk factors associated with dengue mortality. Results. We analyzed 58 cases and 121 controls and identified four factors: in-hospital administration of dypirone (ORa=6.38 95%CI 2.41-16.86) and paracetamol (ORa=0.25 95%CI 0.10-0.61), comorbidities (ORa=3.52 95%CI 1.51-8.18), and a prior visit to the hospital (ORa=3.99 95%CI 1.63-9.77). Conclusions. Administration of dypirone in patients with severe dengue was associated with a higher risk of mortality. Considering that 20 countries have banned dipyrone because of its adverse effects, we advise against its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Bullying is a complex and multifactorial social phenomenon, which refers to the exposure of different forms of abuse on a repetitive, systematic and intentional basis. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with bullying in adolescents at three public educational institutions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 816 adolescents covering sixth to ninth grades from three educational institutions in Bucaramanga, Colombia, who were evaluated in 2014 through self-administered questionnaires. Results: 84.2% of the school-going adolescents reported having witnessed any type of violence, of which 33.8% were victims and 22.3% were aggressors. Verbal violence prevailed at 80.1%, followed by physical violence at 47.7% and psychological violence at 36.9%. No relationship was found in the bivariate analysis between bullying and gender, school, school hours, academic year, type of family and their role as witnesses and victims. An association was found in the bivariate and multivariate analysis between school bullying and gender, type of family, smoking and consumption of energy drinks in the aggressor role. Discussion: The identification of the variables associated with school bullying facilitates prioritizing and guiding decisions that will be made regarding this issue. Conclusions: School bullying is a complex phenomenon that requires the articulation of the academic community, parents, healthcare professionals and local authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In Colombia, according to Ceballos1, nearly 7,000 new cases are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, and around 2,500 women die from this cause, which is why it represents a public health problem that deserves to be fully addressed. In a large percentage, patients do not present the risk factors reported in the literature, but they do have some common psychosocial traits and antecedents that must be analyzed for their epigenetic role in the natural history of the disease. Objectives: To approach and study the biopsychosocial features of breast cancer in the resident population in Cúcuta, specific to patients treated at the Oncomedical Ips institution. Methods: It is a prospective, analytical and experimental study of cases and controls, in which the databases of the Oncomedical institution, located in the Jericó medical center in the city of Cúcuta, are analyzed, and data is collected from patients with Malignant breast disease between the month of October 2018 and the month of February 2019. The sample population of the research will be selected randomly and the selected patients will apply the instruments for measuring biopsychosocial factors to establish their own risk factors in the population Results: A total of 41 patients (cases) were followed, who were compared with a healthy population of 41 (controls), to whom the psychological instruments were applied, among which are: Instrument 1-The Internal biopsychosocial data questionnaire; Instrument 2-The Type C Behavior Test standardized and validated for the Colombian population by Amaya and Gordillo (2); The results that indicate the percentage of women with a type C behavior pattern is higher in the group of patients, since it can be seen that, within the group of women diagnosed with breast cancer, 95.12% have a type C behavior pattern. In this sense, it is evident that on average a woman who has type C behavior has 16.84 times more risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer than a woman who does not have this pattern of behavior. Similarly, women who have a history of anxiety have an average 7.1577 times more risk of developing breast cancer than women without a history, and women who have depressions have 10.142 times more risk of developing breast cancer than they do not. have depression. Conclusion: The significant relationship between type C behavior and breast cancer is established, as well as other affective aspects related to breast pathology such as depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cuarzo (REC) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Juan N. Corpas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To assess the risk of tuberculosis (infection and disease) in children less than 15 years' old who are household contacts of pulmonary tubercul03osis patients in three Colombian cities (Medellín, Cali, and Popayán). Methods: A cohort of 1,040 children household contacts of 380 adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was followed up for 24 months. Study period 2005-2009. Results: Tuberculin skin test was positive (≥10 mm) in 43.7% (95% CI: 39.2-48.2). Tuberculin skin test positivity was associated with age 10-14 years (Prevalence Ratio -PR= 1.43, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), having a BCG vaccine scar (PR= 1.52, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1), underweight, closer proximity to the index case and exposure time >3 months. The annual risk of infection (tuberculin skin test induration increase of 6 mm or more per year) was 17% (95% CI: 11.8-22.2) and was associated with a bacillary load of the adult index case (Relative Risk -RR= 2.12, 95% CI: 1.0-4.3). The incidence rate of active tuberculosis was 12.4 cases per 1,000 persons-year. Children <5 years without BCG vaccine scar had a greater risk of developing active disease (Hazard Ratio -HR= 6.00, 95% CI: 1.3-28.3) than those with scar (HR= 1.33, 95% CI: 0.5-3.4). The risk of developing active tuberculosis augmented along with the increase from initial tuberculin skin test (tuberculin skin test 5-9 mm HR= 8.55, 95% CI: 2.5-29.2; tuberculin skin test ≥10 mm HR= 8.16, 95% CI: 2.0-32.9). Conclusions: There is a need for prompt interruption of adult-to-children tuberculosis transmission within households. Conducting proper contact investigation and offering chemoprophylaxis to infected children could reduce tuberculosis transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments of patients admitted to the high-risk obstetric service who underwent a consultation with a liaison psychiatrist., Methods: A descriptive observational study that included pregnant women from the high-risk obstetric service of a highly specialised clinic in Medellín, who had a liaison psychiatry consultation between 2013 and 2017. The main variables of interest were psychiatric and obstetric diagnoses and treatments, in addition to biopsychosocial risk factors., Results: A total of 361 medical records were screened, with 248 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The main prevailing psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder (29%), followed by adaptive disorder (21.8%) and anxiety disorders (12.5%). The pharmacologic treatments most used by the psychiatry service were SSRI antidepressants (24.2%), trazodone (6.8%) and benzodiazepines (5.2%). The most common primary obstetric diagnosis was spontaneous delivery (46.4%), and the predominant secondary obstetric diagnoses were hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy (10.4%), gestational diabetes (9.2%) and recurrent abortions (6.4%). Overall, 71.8% of the patients had a high biopsychosocial risk., Conclusions: The studied population's primary psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorders, which implies the importance of timely recognition of the symptoms of these perinatal mental pathologies, together with obstetric and social risks, in the prenatal consultation. Psychiatric intervention should be encouraged considering the negative implications of high biopsychosocial risk in both mothers and children., (Copyright © 2022 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is difficult to control, has high morbidity and mortality, and demands priority public health intervention. In Colombia, MDR/RR-TB has been becoming more widespread annually. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, over an 8-year period, the number of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Colombia was close to a thousand cases. Timely identification of the different risk factors for MDR/RR-TB will contribute fundamentally to the systematic management., Objective: To determine which risk factors were associated with the presentation of MDR in Colombia between 2013 and 2018., Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was carried out, for which the data from the routine surveillance of MDR/events in the country were used., Results: The cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were mainly in young people, Afrodescendants, and males. Of the clinical conditions, comorbidities such as malnutrition, diabetes, and HIV, presence of at least one factor, such as drug dependence, taking immunosuppressive medications, belonging to the black race, afro, and living in an area of high disease burden were risk factors., Conclusion: In addition to the diagnosis and timely provision of MDR-TB treatment, it is necessary that public health programs at the local level pay special attention to patients with the identified risk factors.

Introduction: Proper development of gross motor skills in early childhood is considered as an important factor for the child's development. Objectives: To determine the risk factors that influence the development of gross motor skills in children from 1 to 5 years of age from Neiva, Huila, Colombia. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of 240 children. The Abbreviated Development Scale (ADS) -3 was used for the assessment of gross motor skills. Furthermore, a questionnaire was designed to assess perinatal (prenatal and postnatal) risks, which was completed by mothers of children who participated in the study. Results: Around 15% of the assessed children in our study presented any risk (10.8%) or suspicion of developmental problems (3.8%) in gross motor skills. This was related to different factors including month of the first pregnancy visit, gestation time, important health conditions of the children and constant falls. Conclusion: The need for both clinical follow-up and implementation of effective health programs for children with delay in motor development should be very relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a public health problem. In this group, coronary artery disease has shown an increase, in particular, in the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in 35-54-year-old women. The World Health Organization suggests studying this issue based on regional differences to find solutions. Objective: To analyze socio-cultural and healthcare characteristics associated with coronary artery disease in women from Nariño. Materials and Methods: Case study (women with coronary artery disease) and controls (women without coronary artery disease) served in reference institutions of Nariño. The sample was made of 35 cases and 105 controls through non-probability sampling. Results: Features such as being a smoker, hypertensive and living in an urban area showed greater association with coronary artery disease: Odd ratios= 21.11; CI 95% 3.97-112.26 and Odd ratios= 9.47; CI 95% 2.87-31.23, accordingly. A proportion of women with coronary artery disease stand out as culturally characterized by keeping their illness a secret not to worry others. Discussion: Being a smoker and hypertensive are key factors to develop coronary heart disease; these situations can be induced by family, social, cultural and occupational issues faced by women. Conclusions: Women with coronary artery disease were characterized as being smokers, hypertensive and living in an urban area; it is thus necessary to generate specific prevention and control strategies for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies in Colombia depict a downward trend in the use of alcohol and tobacco; however, the beginning of their consumption in childhood multiplies the risk of dependence other diseases and injuries. Therefore, obtaining evidence about factors that reduce the likelihood of alcohol and cigarette consumption is the basis of evidence-based prevention. Hence, the association between alcohol and cigarette consumption with risk perception and normative influence was estimated through a cross-sectional study in a sample of 4,071 adolescent students between 12 and 18 years old, linked to a prevention program. The results of the study showed that there is a significant association between the perception of risk and the normative influence, with the intention of consumption of alcohol and cigarettes and the consumption of cigarettes in the last month. This association was not confirmed by multivariate analysis in all subgroups of adolescents. In any case, these factors must be integrated into a broader analytical context to achieve better preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) negatively impact patients undergoing surgical procedures under anesthesia. The scientific evidence on the risk factors for PONV after antiemetic prophylaxis is unsatisfactory, so there is a need to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of PONV. Objective: To identify the factors associated with failed prophylaxis for PONV in patients at Fundación Valle del Lili in 2017. Methods: Case-control study. Patients admitted to the postanesthesia care unit after having undergone surgery under general anesthesia were included. The cases were patients who, despite receiving antiemetic prophylaxis, had PONV, and those who did not develop these symptoms after prophylaxis, were considered the control group. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, or χ², according to the type of variable. Finally, crude odds ratios were estimated and subsequently adjusted via a logistic regression. Results: A total of 80 cases and 332 controls were included. The median age for all patients was 47 years. Women represented 61.6% (n=254). The variables associated with PONV were age (odds ratio [OR]=0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.99, P=0.013), female (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.66-5.47, P<0.001) and the use of desflurane during surgery (OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.09-7.30, P<0.032). Conclusion: Female sex and the use of desflurane during surgery increase the odds of experiencing PONV, regardless of pharmacological antiemetic prophylaxis. Moreover, elderly patients show lower odds of developing this complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the sociodemographic and health characteristics of the elderly in the Life Center programs in four municipalities of the department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with quantitative variables, non-probabilistic design with selection of units by discretionary sampling, in a sample of 819 older adults. A cognitive evaluation was carried out, along with depression scale, basic activities of daily living, evaluation of gait and balance, index for the instrumental activity of daily living, and comorbidity index. Results: The multiple correspondence analysis indicates independent men with absence of non-depressive comorbidity and null risk of falls. In turn, women (profile: without studies, widowed) do have comorbidity, cognitive impairment, dependence, and greater fall risk. Conclusions: It is fundamental to work on strengthening the formation of professionals, community agents, caregivers of older adults, as well as in the development of programs for health promotion that foster active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Analyze the behavior of direct medical costs in relation to the number of suicide attempts and compare the costs of cognitive-behavioral therapy with those of conventional treatment. Methods. The cost of hospital services for attempted suicide was quantified for 248 patients with a diagnosis of mental illness treated at the Antioquia Mental Hospital, a state social enterprise (E.S.E.), and a cost-outcome analysis was performed. Results. It was found that the average direct cost of care for patients with four or more suicide attempts was equivalent to US$ 5,641, a US$ 5,490 difference vis-à-vis the group with a single attempt. Moreover, the cost increased with the number of attempts. Finally, the diagnosis of mental illness (e.g., chronicity), the method used in the suicide attempt, and the need for specialized services were associated with the increase in direct costs. Conclusions. The use of a public health approach involving preventive strategies that assess and monitor psychosocial factors could reduce the problem and its direct medical costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The National Response Framework for HIV / AIDS infection in Colombia (In Spanish, Plan Nacional de Respuesta ante la Infección del VIH/Sida) emphasizes the promotion of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and practices for the development of an autonomous, responsible and pleasurable sexuality. Objective: To identify risk behaviors for transmission of HIV / AIDS in adolescents and young people from private universities in the municipality of Villavicencio. Method: A descriptive study. Multistage probability sampling design. Population: 10,324 students-IP 2014 (n = 357). Error: 1%; confidence level: 95%. The survey Conocimientos was used for gathering information as well as, practices and counseling in voluntary testing for HIV in young people aged 15 to 24, the program that was used to process information was SPSS v. 14. Results: 95% of students have knowledge about HIV / AIDS. The main source of information is television programs (28.6%). 51.6% had their first intercourse before age 16; 32.5% between 17 and 19 years. 31.9% did not use a condom at first intercourse. 86.6% believe that AIDS can be prevented by using condoms. From all respondents, 35.5% have had a sexual partner in the last year, 37.2% between 2 and 4 sexual partners, 13.4% more than 5. 31.1% did not use condoms in their last relationship. Conclusions: The study suggests that the risky sexual practices from the population studied is the early onset of sexual relations, there is also a significant predominance of non-condom use despite of the fact that they identify it as a way of preventing HIV infection. It is important to develop educational strategies for health promotion in university context that encourage healthy lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, cancer is a public health problem. Its incidence and mortality affects both adult and pediatric population. Since 2010 the country has been preparing to address this problem. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has conducted research to characterize epidemiologically cancer as well as other factors that influence their lethality. 1384 and 1388 laws of 2010 laid the foundation for comprehensive cancer control and designated the INC to advise the Ministry of Health and Social Protection in this task. We analyzed the contents of the plan, based on a guide developed by the School of Public Health at the University of Antioquia. Because of the importance of the problem and the complexity of the policy concludes: Only a strict monitoring system, continuous evaluation and timely corrective plan of activities, Colombia could reach targets in cancer control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and to examine of associated factors among schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: From a total of 8,136 schoolchildren and adolescents (age 9-17.9 years) taking part in the FUPRECOL Study. Sugar-sweetened beverages intake was based on intake from “regular soda”, “drink tea” and/or “concentrated juices”. Body weigth, heigth, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat by electrical bioimpedance analysis were measured such as adiposity markers. Associated factors (sex, age, abdominal obesity, BMI classification, mothers’ and fathers’ educational level and nutritional status by “Krece plus” questionnaire), were collected by structured questionnaire. Associations were established through a binary logistic regression. Results: Of the subjects, 58.4% were women. According to sex, boys response highest intake of “regular soda” daily/weekly frequency of the 70.9% and 21.0%, respectively, followed by “concentrated juices” (64.4% weekly vs.11.3% daily). In both gender, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in schoolchildren that responded to intake “regular soda” (23.3%), “concentrated juices” (13.2%) and “drink tea” daily (9.7%). Age [OR 1.15 (95%CI 1.03 to 1.28)], mothers’ [OR 1.30 (95%CI 1.03 to 1.65)], and fathers’ [OR 1.34 (95%CI 1.01 to 1.79) low educational level and nutritional status [OR 2.60 (95%CI 2.09 to 3.25)], were associated with daily intake of “regular soda”. Conclusion: Age, parental education level and dietary patterns were associated with sugar-sweetened beverages in schoolchildren in Bogotá, Colombia. We recommended comprehensive interventions which are involved nutritional and educational component among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heart failure is a habitually progressive clinical syndrome that frequently starts as left ventricular systolic dysfunction and culminates with diverse clinical manifestations of pump failure and low cardiac output and even death. Objective: The research sought to characterize the risk factors associated to the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and secondary heart failure as part of the spectrum of the heart failure syndrome in the population of Barranquilla-Colombia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with secondary source from a global health study in the city of Barranquilla-Colombia, which performed univariate and bivariate analysis to describe risk factors associated to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Results: The study obtained the prevalence of four risk factors associated to the development de left ventricular systolic dysfunction: arterial hypertension (29.7%), obesity (26.5%), hyperglycemia (4.6%), and hypercholesterolemia (8.2%) in patients over 40 years of age, who are at higher risk. Discussion: This study sought to draw attention on the left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as a condition of relatively recent description and of potential impact on the health of populations and the resources of health systems. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors for this pre-clinical state could be high and these patients would merit, per recommendation of certain evidence, screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as well as additional studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze synergies and continuities between municipal agreements related to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Medellín, Colombia between the years 2000-2013, as a process that goes beyond the formalization of discourse. Methodology: qualitative study, 57 agreements were reviewed and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. Findings: the formulation of some agreements was based on external orientations or local diagnosis, which shows continuity and coherence in the sequence of the policy cycle. Regarding synergy, they propose actions to positively impact the decisions taken: building alliances and networks at different levels; development of information, education, and communication strategies; fostering citizen participation, and improving access to health care. Conclusion: the analysis involved considering relationships between policies that contemplate actions that have an effect on cardio- cerebrovascular diseases and enable their continuity given the budgetary, administrative, and implementation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicidal behaviour is the cause of half of all violent deaths. It is considered to be a public health problem with one million victims a year. Suicide attempt is the most important risk factor. In Colombia, in 2017 the suicide attempt rate was 51.8/100,000 inhabitants, and the fatality rate reached 10.0/100,000. The objective is to identify suicide attempt factors associated with death and determine survival after the attempt for 2 years., Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study and survival analysis. A total of 42,594 records of the suicide attempt surveillance system databases and 325 records of death by suicide in 2016 and 2017 were analysed. The risk factors were examined and a χ 2 -test and multivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Cumulative survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression model was applied to determine the proportional relationship of the suicide attempt variables that are related to suicide., Results: Men die by suicide 4.5 times more often than women. One in four suicide victims had made at least one prior suicide attempt. The attempt factors related with death by suicide were: male gender (HR = 2.99; 95% CI, 2.27-3.92), adulthood (over 29 years, HR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.90-2.99), living in a rural area (HR = 2.56; 95% CI, 2.04-3.20), chronic disease history (HR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.66-3.57) and depression disorder (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.55-2.41). Some 50% of suicide deaths occur up to 560 days after the suicide attempt., Conclusions: The risk of suicide is highest in male patients, with a history of depression, chronic illness and exposure to heavy workloads., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The suicide attempt has a multifactorial character which is an element of great importance for Public Health in order to prevent its fatal ending. This way, the suicidal attempt in patients of the Institute of the Nervous System in Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) from 2013 to 2014 is characterized. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional, analytical study that includes 73 medical records of people aged 12 years or older with a record of hospitalization, and who have tried to commit suicide. Incomplete medical records and organic mental disorders are excluded. Results: The female sex with 60.3% was the most frequent; the average age is 33.16 ± 16.1 years. The most commonly used suicide attempt mechanism is drugs with 45.2%; the residence with 69.7% is the place where most self-harm behaviors are committed; also, family conflict is the most frequent precipitating factor with 42.6%. The single population represents 58.9%, marijuana is the psychoactive drug with the highest consumption with 21.9% and depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder with 61.8%. Conclusions: The drugs for suicide attempt keep being the first non-lethal self-harm method; the place to commit suicide is the residence and its main precipitating factor is family conflict. In this study was found a greater proportion of events between the ages of 21 and 65, which differs from other records in which this event is more frequent in teenagers. It is important to know the variables that characterize the suicide attempt, in order to generate a greater impact on at-risk categorized population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dengue is a priority public health problem. During epidemics in Cuba and Haiti, ethnic African descendents population had lower risk of dengue, and ethnic was proposed as a protective factor. Objective: To determine the relation between the cumulative incidence of dengue and the proportion of Afro-Colombians in communities of Cali, during the epidemic of 2013. Methods: This study was conducted in Cali, Colombia. The design was ecological, using information from the National Census 2005 projected to 2013, from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), and the National Epidemiological Surveillance System. It was obtained the Pearson´s correlation coefficient between cumulative incidence and the proportion of Afro-Colombians population by communities; additionally it were evaluated the cummulatives incidences of two zones with different proportion Afro-Colombians inhabitants. The Association was evaluated for aggregation bias, confounding by social variables, and interaction by area of residence, too. Results: Dengue cumulative incidence was significantly lower for AfroColombian, regardless of the proportion of Afro-Colombians population in the area of residence. The Relative Risk of dengue between non-Afro-Colombians and Afro-Colombians was 9.4 (95% CI= 8.4- 10.6) in the high proportion zone of Afro-Colombians population, while the Relative Risk in the low proportion zone of Afro-Colombians population was 4.0 (95% CI= 3.6-4.4). There was no evidence of aggregation bias or confounding in the association by social variables. Conclusions: The Afro-Colombians population had a significantly lower risk of getting dengue and its complications, compared with the non-Afro-Colombians population. The non-Afro-Colombians populations living in areas with a high proportion of Afro-Colombians increase their risk of dengue more than double, suggesting an asymptomatic viremic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Generate recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of chronic hyperkalemia., Method: This consensus was made by nephrologists and cardiologists following the GRADE methodology., Results: Chronic hyperkalemia can be defined as a biochemical condition with or without clinical manifestations characterized by a recurrent elevation of serum potassium levels that may require pharmacological and or non-pharmacological intervention. It can be classified as mild (K + 5.0 to < 5.5 mEq/L), moderate (K + 5.5 to 6.0 mEq/L) or severe (K + > 6.0 mEq/L). Its incidence and prevalence have yet to be determined. Risk factors: chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, age ≥ 65 years, hypertension, and drugs that inhibit the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAASi), among others. There is no consensus for the management of chronic hyperkalemia. The suggested pattern for patients is to identify and eliminate or control risk factors, provide advice on potassium intake and, for whom it is indicated, optimize RAASi therapy, administer oral potassium binders and correct metabolic acidosis., Conclusions: The recommendation is to pay attention to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of chronic hyperkalemia, especially in patients with risk factors., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)