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• The mafic rocks in the Zhongxiang complex emplaced at ca. 2.03–2.02 Ga; • The 2.03 Ga and 2.02 Ga mafic rocks show MORB-like and arc-like geochemical features, respectively; • The ca. 2.03–2.02 Ga mafic rocks were formed in arc-back-arc settings. To better understand Paleoproterozoic tectonic processes in the Yangtze Block during the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent, an integrated geochronological and geochemical study of amphibolite facies mafic rocks exposed in the Zhongxiang Complex in the northern Yangtze Block is presented. Based on trace element and rare earth element (REE) characteristics, these mafic rocks can be divided into two coeval groups. The MORB-like mafic rocks show flat REE patterns and are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, K, Sr). Their zircon ɛ Hf (t) values range from + 3.43 to + 4.90. The other mafic rocks are arc-like and have elevated REE contents and display relatively light REE enriched patterns, as well as depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). The zircon ɛ Hf (t) values of the latter group range from + 0.17 to + 2.68. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2029 ± 15 Ma for the MORB-like mafic rocks, and 2023 ± 14 Ma for the arc-like mafic rocks, respectively. The elemental and isotopic characteristics indicate that the MORB-like mafic rocks may be derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source, whereas its counterpart with arc-like signatures originated from a lithospheric mantle source. The low (La/Yb) CN (1.10–2.84) and Sm/Yb (0.99–1.29) ratios indicate that the mafic rocks are formed by partial melting of spinel lherzolite mantle. Combined with other geological observations, these mafic rocks are inferred to constitute part of a mid-Paleoproterozoic continental arc–back-arc basin system. The 2.03–2.02 Ga mafic rocks from the northern Yangtze Block indicate that the continental margin experienced subduction in response to assembly of the Columbia supercontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]