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In the series of photographs Silencios (2010-present), Juan Manuel Echavarría portrays the abandoned rural schools in Colombia caused by enforced displacement in the frame of the armed conflict. Unlike the abundant representations of violence in Colombia in which the human body is the protagonist and direct violence prevails (such as mutilated bodies, corpses, and grieving physiognomies), in these images, there is no presence of human bodies. Conversely, the photographer decided to depict the ruins and in four of them, he portrays farm animals in front of the school boards, such as a rooster, a calf, and a donkey. Departing from the title of the series, which alludes to sound, I articulate the way in which, by decentering the human body and centering the animal as a witness of violence, a nonhuman soundscape is configured that challenges the scopophilia and anthropocentrism that dominates the visuality of the armed conflict in Colombia. Even though this article departs from the question of the visual representation of violence in Colombia, it is also intended to contribute to the intersection between sound studies, visual studies, and more than human perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of implementing ecological bridges in the Andean region of Colombia is increasing, it is enough to review the numerous deaths of animals on the roads and realize that many of them are animals in danger of extinction. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the great need to implement ecological bridges on the Girardot-Melgar road. Therefore, in the present investigation, the road from Girardot-Cundinamarca Km 8+000 to Melgar-Tolima Km 24+000 was analyzed, where an analysis of the animals that are run over on the roads was carried out, evaluating the feasibility of implementing ecological bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, society is focused on acquiring pets for the purpose of companionship, disregarding the duty of attending their needs and take responsibility for their actions. Consequently, social groups sensitive to this problem promote cultural changes and exert pressure on the governments of Latin American countries in order to formulate and implement guidelines to protect pets. This article compares essential aspects of pet protection regulations in four countries in Latin America, Colombia, Chile, Uruguay and Mexico. A narrative review of published literature and the websites of the government entities responsible for the formulation and implementation of the regulations in the four countries was carried out with the purpose of establishing a comparison between their content and their performance. Through this review, differences regarding the objectives of the guidelines and the process of their formulation were identified. The actors that intervened in the process of formulation, structure, object, and what is more important, results reported in each country since the implementation of these regulations are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To establish the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in the canine and human populations of slum neighborhoods in the city of Tunja. Materials and methods. Sixty-one canine serums were obtsined in slum neighborhoods of the city, sera of 46 human pet owners were also obtained, an interview was done as well. The microagglutination-lysis (MAT) technique was used to process the samples for six serotypes of Leptospira spp. Results. 67.2% of the canine population tested was found to be seropositive, the seroprevalence by serovars resulted in 14.8% for L. icterohemorragica, 8.2% for L. pomona; 9.85% for L. hardjo; 18% for L. Canicola, 6.6% for L. automnalis and 9.8% for L. sejroë. Humans showed a prevalence of 21.7%, the distribution was as follow: L. Automnalis (4.35%); L. Hardjo (2.17%), L. Sejroë (6.52%), L. icterohaemorragiae (6.52%) and L. Cani¢ola (2.17%). Conclusions. These results showed a great problem with high impact, in contrast with prevalence rates in other municipalities in Colombia, revealed a high positivity rate in this area and produces big concern because of its rapid dissemination, which may be caused by the close contact between vectors, such as rodents and canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]