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En este estudio se examinan los efectos previstos del cambio climático en la cuenta corriente de Colombia. Para ello, se realiza una previsión del saldo de la cuenta corriente hasta 2050 en diferentes escenarios climáticos a fin de determinar si el impacto de los riesgos relacionados podría afectar la cuenta corriente del país a largo plazo. Los resultados indican que, si en lugar de mantener las políticas climáticas actuales, se alcanzara el cero neto en emisiones para 2050, el déficit en cuenta corriente podría ampliarse el equivalente al 4,6% del PIB. Si la transición se retrasara, el costo equivaldría al 2,6% del PIB. Ese resultado puede atribuirse a la caída permanente de los precios del petróleo y la expansión de la deuda pública que tendrían lugar debido a la disminución de la demanda mundial de combustibles fósiles y al gasto adicional destinado a cumplir los objetivos ambientales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Solidaria is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims an analysis about the impact of the technology implementation in the justice administration in Colombia from the changes introduced by the fourt industry revolution. although the use of TICs for a better development of justice isn´t a legal mandate, with the emergency derived from COVID-19, it was necessary to use different shock strategies against the possibility of physical contact in the judicial services. The main objective is to determinate the impact caused by the changes presented in the use of technology generated by the COVID-19 in Colombian justice: the application of Information and communication technologies (TICs) to the Law. In this context, it been used an analytical documentary approach by the study of juridical texts, specialized web pages and other documents that allow to go deeper in the subject. As a main conslusion, are evidente new cultural patterns and new autonomous regulations forms of human behavior, juridical traffic, wich are linked to data ownership, intimacy rigths, strategic and politic advantages that may arise from its use among other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A compilation of structural fire statistics at the national and international levels is presented in the paper. At the national level, data were obtained from Medellín, Manizales and Pereira Cities, the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD), which collects relevant information reported by the National Fire Department of Colombia (DNBC) and from the DNBC. These statistics allow to identify the types of buildings in which structural fires are most frequent and the number of people injured or deceased in structural fires in Colombia. At the international level, it was possible to identify the number of structural fires reported by different countries from 1996 to 2018. These data were reported by the International Association of Fire and Rescue Services (CTIF). It was possible to establish from this information that Colombia presents values lower than 0.3 fires per thousand of inhabitants, surpassed by European countries and the United States, where this index is higher than 1. It should be clarified that the methodology for the elaboration of fire statistics includes international parameters related to the comparison of damages caused by structural fires with the population, which do not apply in Colombia in all cases. Thus, the results were analyzed with great caution, taking into account that, when comparing the results with the population of Colombia, data were presented that do not represent the current state of the country in the face of fire events. This was due to the quality of the information available in Colombia. The paper includes recommendations to be included in the next version of the Colombian Code for Earthquake-Resistant Construction (NSR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents an analysis of the ways in which disease and suffering are commonly experienced by a high percentage of poor Venezuelan immigrants residing in Colombia. We link this problem to the late implementation of migratory classification measures, locate immigrants outside the margins of the state, and describe how their bodies become vulnerable in the enclaves they inhabit, which we consider zones of social abandonment. Our basis is a thorough description and the results of participatory observation developed in an immigrant neighborhood in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction--Aluminum is incorporated into water naturally and/or anthropically, health risk levels above 0,2 mg/l according to Colombian regulations. It can arise as an emerging contaminant when aluminum salt coagulants are used improperly in the clarification of drinking water. Objective--To evaluate air pollution for human consumption in the central region of Colombia, determine its potential origin and compliance with current regulations. Methodology--Exploratory research, analysis of the presence of aluminum in raw water and treated during the period 2008-2018, by means of samples and laboratory tests, as well as the hydraulic evaluation and the operation of water treatment plants, in municipalities of Los departments of Tolima and Cundinamarca, central region of Colombia. Results--In more than 30% of the municipalities evaluated, the presence of aluminum in the water for human consumption was evidenced, above the maximum allowed by the current regulations. In several cases it was due to deficiencies in the treatment process where aluminum salts are used for coagulation, without adequate dosage as occurred in the municipality of Melgar, or due to high concentrations present in the water supply sources, such as the case of Magdalena river in the central region of Colombia. Conclusions--Aluminum in water for human consumption is due to its presence in water sources and the product of hydraulic and operational deficiencies in the clarification process of treatment plants where aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant, due to inadequate application of optimal doses, poor intensity of agitation and speed gradients in fast mixing and flocculation, flocculation and sedimentation times outside the optimal range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: A large number of chemical products are used in industry and technological sectors, generating health risks for those who are exposed, and may induce alterations depending on the concentration, manipulation, exposure, and susceptibility of the worker. These chemical agents can produce a variety of irritating allergic, toxic and even carcinogenic effects. Knowledge gap: Lack of knowledge of the danger, together with the operating conditions of chemical carcinogenic chemicals that occur in the exercise of daily activities in the industry may affect human health. Purpose: The objective of the study is to identify and classify the risk related to these chemical substances in a meat food processing plant in the department of Cauca (Colombia). Methodology: In the first stage of diagnosis, an information search was carried out in specialized databases; in the second stage it was developed from the information collected through the inventory of chemical substances in the plant, which are distributed at different storage sites where there is probability of exposure. To identify the chemical risk identification, a qualitative analysis is applied using the risk characterization criterion "international chemical control toolbox". Subsequently, a review of the regulations in force in Colombia related to the handling, applications and corresponding requirements of these substances was made, establishing necessary control and prevention measures for the chemical nature of these agents. Results and conclusions: Through the inventory, 407 substances present in the plant were identified, 91% of which are classified as dangerous chemicals and 3% corresponds to chemicals with a potential carcinogenic effect. The risk assessment took into account the combination of risk factors for health and potential exposure that determines the level of control desired, divided into four levels of approach (1, 2, 3, 4), with approach 4 being considered Special for being the most critical and most dangerous point. Finally, it was determined that the substances of greatest attention in the plant are: portland cement, COD solution B, Gasoline, Sikadur 32 Primer Comp B, Sikadur Panel Comp B, for being within the approach 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Palermo Business Review is the property of Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: aluminum is incorporated into water naturally and/or anthropically, health risk levels above 0,2 mg/l according to Colombian regulations. It can arise as an emerging contaminant when aluminum salt coagulants are used improperly in the clarification of drinking water. Objective: to evaluate air pollution for human consumption in the central region of Colombia, determine its potential origin and compliance with current regulations. Methodology: exploratory research, analysis of the presence of aluminum in raw water and treated during the period 2008-2018, by means of samples and laboratory tests, as well as the hydraulic evaluation and the operation of water treatment plants, in municipalities of Los departments of Tolima and Cundinamarca, central region of Colombia. Results: in more than 30% of the municipalities evaluated, the presence of aluminum in the water for human consumption was evidenced, above the maximum allowed by the current regulations. In several cases it was due to deficiencies in the treatment process where aluminum salts are used for coagulation, without adequate dosage as occurred in the municipality of Melgar, or due to high concentrations present in the water supply sources, such as the case of Magdalena river in the central region of Colombia. Conclusions: aluminum in water for human consumption is due to its presence in water sources and the product of hydraulic and operational deficiencies in the clarification process of treatment plants where aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant, due to inadequate application of optimal doses, poor intensity of agitation and speed gradients in fast mixing and flocculation, flocculation and sedimentation times outside the optimal range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the physicochemical, microbiological and somatic cell count of raw milks marketed for human consumption in neighborhoods of Sincelejo and Corozal (Sucre). Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 97 samples of raw milk marketed for human consumption in different neighborhoods of Sincelejo and Corozal (Sucre). Physical-chemical, microbiological and somatic cell count parameters were determined. The data obtained were analyzed according to the regulations in normative measures in Colombia. Results. Most of the physical-chemical parameters of the raw milk samples analyzed were found within the normal range according to Colombian legislation. Mesophilic count and somatic cells count was found to be above what is allowed by the legislation. The presence of total and fecal coliforms, antibiotics and adulterants such as sucrose and starches were determined. Conclusions. Raw milks distributed for human consumption in Sincelejo and Corozal presents good physical-chemical quality but poor microbiological quality; it becomes necessary to increase surveillance and to demand the production of excellent quality milk in the primary sector in the dairy chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review article refers to the management and baking processes to deal with environmental problems, specifically those that have to do with risk by water supply in rural areas, making an analysis of the integral management of water, the different international and national approaches, to reach the approach in Colombia and how the country welcomes these global guidelines for the proper management of water; It also proposes the analysis of three concepts that make it possible to complement IWRM, as a central approach that promotes multiple convergences from the academic sphere, such as adaptive management, resilience and governance to strengthen the systemic approach required in the management of water under the premise of sustainability. As a consequence of this analysis, the microbasin is considered as a socioecosystem given the intrinsic characteristics to provide water for different uses, being adversely affected by climatic anomalies, which deserves an analysis of the vulnerability of supply microbasins to climate change and climate variability to make a critical approach to the problems in the region in terms of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the results of an analysis of the operational risks present in the leather, footwear and leather goods industry in the city of Bogotá. To do this, the experience of the Zasca CSE project is taken as a reference, which is considered relevant for this analysis, because this intervention allows the description of the interrelationships of the risks to which companies in the productive sector that make up the agglomeration Industrial located in the sector of the neighborhood the Restrepo. The methodological process employed had a qualitative approach of descriptive type, in which primary sources of information were used such as interviews with actors related to the project (coordinator, area leaders and small entrepreneurs), and secondary sources such as databases and institutional reports, from which a case was built specifically illustrating the proposed objective. As a final result, we obtained empirical evi-miendence of the situation of small enterprises in their real context and highlights the need and importance of articulation of joint efforts between small producers and institutional support as a strategy to face the Internal and external risks in order to improve the competitive position, the productivity and the use of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The occurrence of adverse drug reactions is an important issue due to the lack of drug safety data in children. Objective: To describe the Adverse Drug Reactions in inpatient children under 6 years of age in two general pediatrics wards located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Methods: A prospective cohort study based on intensive pharmacovigilance was conducted during six months in order to monitor the emergence of Adverse Drug Reactions in inpatients children under 6 years of age with at least one medication prescribed. The study was conducted in two pediatric wards of two hospitals located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Naranjo´s Algorithm was used to evaluate imputability, the modified Hartwig and Siegel assessment scale to establish severity and the Schumock and Thornton criteria to determine preventability. Results: Of a total of 772 monitored patients, 156 Adverse Drug Reactions were detected on 147 children. The cumulative incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions was 19.0% (147/772); the incidence density was 37.6 Adverse Drug Reactions per 1,000 patients-days (147/3,913). The frequency was higher in children under 2 years of age (12.7%). Emergence of Adverse Drug Reactions was higher in male patients (RR= 1.66; 95% CI= 1.22-2.22, p= 0.001) and in those who used systemic antibiotics (RR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.17-2.82, p= 0.005). Conclusions: Adverse Drug Reactions are common among hospitalized children and represent an additional burden of morbidity and risk, particularly in those who used several medicines, including antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the several financial theories related with the optimal portfolio selection, Black-Litterman proposal is the only one that considers the future expectation of investors over the assets that are being considered in the portfolio allocation problem. This works presents the Black-Litterman portfolio proposal as a tool that improves the optimal portfolio selection and also shows how the results obtained with this model could be used as an input to the classical Markowitz portfolio selection model. Besides the theorical presentation of the Black-Litterman portfolio model, a portfolio analysis over the COLCAP index in the Colombian Capital Market is presented, in this case the expectations of investors are taking into account and the results obtained from the Black-Litterman model are used to improve an optimal portfolio that consider the previous expectations under the Markowitz portfolio selection model, either under minimum variance and maximum return optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has called that climate change is a threat to public health, it is therefore necessary to know the perception of risk to climate change specifically on future health professionals. Materials and Methods: Descriptive quantitative research was undertaken with stratified random sampling. Chi2 analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with sensitive risk perception of climate change and increased climate change to infectious diseases. Results: By Chi2 was found that about 69% of students perceive climate change as harmful and between 50 and 59% of them perceive that infectious diseases will increase as a result of climate change. By logistic regression statistical significance was observed that students who belong to the sixth semester of study or higher semesters are 60% more likely to recognize that they can get sick from climate change, 63% more likely to perceive climate change as harmful, were associated 2.2 times plus the increase in global temperature to increase in patients with yellow fever and dengue, also have 58% more likely to relate the increase in cases of cholera and malaria, with respect to students belonging to lower semesters. Discussion: Students of different health programs that belong to the sixth semester of study or higher perceived climate change as a threat to public health and associated with increased infectious diseases, thus, can be considered health students as they progress in academic semesters perceive a greater risk of climate change as a threat to public health and an increase in sick for climate-sensitive infectious diseases. Conclusions: It can be concluded that students in health sciences at the University of Magdalena as found in higher semesters acquire a greater perception of risk from the impact of climate change on public health and the increase of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones ANDINA is the property of Fundacion Universitaria del Area Andina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The document estimates the risk embraced by Colombian commercial banks, and establishes a measurement of excessive risk-taking that is consistent with such estimation. The construction of the excessive-risk measurement follows the basic efficient-portfolio framework, in which the variance of an aggregate portfolio is minimized subject to an observed return. Return and risk-taking in Colombia's banking industry appear to decrease between December 2007 and May 2011. In spite of this, the excess-risk exhibits an upward trend, and denotes an increasing suboptimality when considered as a proportion of the observed risk. Hence, a reduction in the risk embraced by Colombian banks paradoxically coincides with an increase in their instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ad-minister is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses some relevant issues on the legal implications of medical liability focusing on the professional practice of medicine, based on the analysis of key aspects under the Colombian legislation. Some conflicting topics are considered with particular reference to related legal aspects. The responsibility of the psychiatrist and the various situations he/ she is exposed to are discussed, in addition to some protective measures for an adequate doctor - patient relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss the relevance of the program of social critical theory to examine the demands for justice in public health from a non-reductionist perspective —that is, a not sectorial one— that accounts for the intimate relationship between health and social arrangements and allows further exploration of the fundamental question about the necessary conditions for human self-realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the methodology of potential soil fragility, described by Alarcon and Gayoso (1999), the evaluation and spatial distribution of the potential fragility for erosion and landslides, was carried out in the soils of the municipality of Ibague. Edaphic variables were taken from units of soils according to two systems of classification: Comite de Cafeteros de Colombia (1973) and IGAC (2004). Environmental variables of precipitation and altimetry were obtained from the hydrographic basin ordination and management plan of the Coello and Torare rivers (CORTOLIMA, 2006) and the forestry planning project for the Department of Tolima (Universidad del Tolima and CORTOLIMA, 2007). According to the numerical information organized in maps and the mathematical models established for the nomograms of the base methodology, the rates of potential fragility of the two phenomena of soil degradation were determined. The results show that with the soil classification system IGAC, the municipality of Ibague is more sensitive to phenomena of landslides rather than to erosion, opposed to what is shown in the system of the Comite de Cafeteros de Colombia. Both systems coincide in stating that the zones with higher propensity to these phenomena are located mainly near the Combeima Canyon, in the mountainous area near the municipality of Cajamarca, as well as the hills and mountains that surround the urban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Entramado is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A descriptive study of the incidence, prevalence and mortality of HIV-AIDS event in the city of Manizales, capital of Caldas in Colombia, bringing together a case series of 805 reported cases from year 1996 to 2009, using official records as sources information, was conducted. The sex ratio in incidence for the whole period is 4.3:1. This trend is increasing in both sexes. 49.8% of all cases in the period, were identified as HIV +, asymptomatic, in apparent good health. In 2009, this proportion was 78.8%. In order to estimate the degree of concentration in the generation of cases, the Lorenz curve was implemented, obtaining a Gini index value of -0.14, considered relatively fair. Transmission mechanism is predominantly heterosexual. 33.2% of the cases occurred at ages between 20 and 29 years. The mortality rate for the event in the municipality for 2009 was 9.04 per 100 thousand inhabitants and the estimated prevalence of 0.21% for June 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short article intends to conduct an analysis regarding the application of legal institutions from the protection of international investments laws in Colombia, based on two main hypotheses: the enactment of measures by the State that have as purpose or effect the harm of an investment in a port concession under a Free Trade Zone regime. Hence, from the institutions of expropriation and minimum standard of treatment, we'll study the possibility to invoke a bilateral investment treaty to obtain compensation from the State. We'll include some other local legal institutions with the purpose of studying the implications of the risk clause in Colombian port concessions contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study determined the perception of sex workers in the city of Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia) against the risks associated with sexually transmitted infections. It is a qualitative study whose sample was composed of 44 sex workers who work in establishments the city of Montería. The data were obtained by applying a Likert scale focus group. Sex workers do not fully believe that the condom is a good method for preventing STIs, therefore do not consider it a good investment, they are afraid of becoming infected with an STI, but they perceived their income to pay current expenses generated by an STI. Beliefs and representations predominate in the adoption of high-risk behaviors. It requires more psycho-social and raising awareness of STIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article qualitatively links the disasters associated with landslides and flooding in Medellin with characteristics of the process of urban growth, such as double marginality and the intensive transformation of nature. It identifies the social construction of risk, a process that defines the social nature of disasters, thus suggesting ways to question the supposed natural character of such disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetive. We report a series of obstetric patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases, using a risk based strategy to develop peripartum plans in which the anesthetic management is included. Methodos. Case reports. Retrospective analysis of 37 pregnant patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases admitted to the High Dependency Unit of Clínica del Prado, in Medellín, Colombia from 2005 to 2009. Results. From a total of 37 patients, 15 had congenital heart disease, 13 valvular disease, 5 postpartum cardiomyopathy, and the other 4 included rhythm abnormalities and ischemic heart disease. CARPREG study criteria were used for risk stratification. Eight patients were identified in the high risk group, and the rest as intermediate and low risk. Most of the patients had regional anesthesia management (89.2 %). The decision for caesarean section was decided for obstetric indication was performed in 35 % of the cases. There were cardiac complications in 10.8 % of the cases and there were no maternal deaths. Conclusions. The application of a morbidity and mortality cardiac risk stratification protocol in pregnant women allows the anesthesiologist to participate in a multispecialty treatment team, and so they are able to achieve the best possible maternal outcome in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current topics such as modernization, economic globalization, climatic change, and others are usually treated by the political, economic, and academic high classes without taking into account the perception of the most vulnerable social groups. These phenomena are risk sources particularly for the most vulnerable social groups: this is the case of the rural communities in the Paramo of Sonson Region in the Department of Antioquia, where this study took place. This is the place where the paramo ecosystem is located, and it was declared a special management area in 1995. This study's objective was to analyze Paramo Region farmers' perceptions and adaptation techniques to socio-environmental risks. Field work was based on qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews to 22 farmers. Cultural Risk theory by Mary Douglas and Risk Society theory by Ulrich Beck guided the research. Three types of farmers were identified coffee growers, extractors and diversified. Significant differences in risk perception and adaptation techniques among the three types of farmers were evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial evaluation is considered a fundamental issue to determine the feasibility of projects. In this process, the capital cost becomes a basic tool to measure not only the expected return, but also the risk as seen by shareholders. To an expected high capital return rate, projects would become more demanding and would require higher profitability rates that recover investment and generate the expected return for those who assume the risk of financing. In this paper, two financial models are presented as used to calculate capital cost and to make the necessary adjustments to also calculate this cost when investing in emerging countries. Both models are based on CAPM model (capital assets pricing model) or capital active pricing model and develop the necessary adaptations to calculate the highest risk observed in emerging countries that is finally reflected in a discount rate. Both models are applied to the Colombian case to determine the capital cost of investments made in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to investigate the emergence of risk management and disaster prevention in Colombian national and municipal policy, focusing on the city of Bogotá and using a methodology that combines historical and anthropological approaches. We establish its temporal framework as beginning in 1985, since the conjuncture that occurred in November of that year with the tragedy of Armero and the siege of the Palacio de Justicia just one week before generated, in the domain of political culture, a new emphasis on the issue of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The gastric cancer (GC) is one of the principal reasons of death in Colombia, but unfortunately the majority of cases are detected in advanced conditions when the treatment options are very poor. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of environmental and genetical factors (such as nourishing habits, smoking and familiar history of gastric cancer) in patients with gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Patients and Methods. It is an observational analytical study that compares differences with regard to the consumption of food and habits related to GC in two groups of patients, one with GC (cases) and the other one with duodenal ulcer (DU) (control). Results. 90 patients with GC and 93 with DU were included. Average age of the cases with GC was 60.5 years +/-15 and with DU 57.1 +/-13.5 years (p: NS). Men with GC 57.8 vs 60.2 % women (p: NS). A positive association with the following four factors was founded: to salt a plate before trying it OR 5.56 (IC95%1.8-17.1) p = 0.01, consumption of roasted food OR 3.97 (IC95 % 2.2-7.4) p = 0001, gastric cancer history in first degree relatives OR 4.2 (IC95 % 1.7- 10.4) p: 0.001 and consumption of oven cooked food OR 5.68 (IC95%1.21 to 26.7), p 0.014. Conclusion. With these results the study concludes that it is advisable to reduce the consumption of salt in the diet, to avoid the consumption of smoked food and to make a screening in first degree relatives of patients with GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuing changes in the system of guarantees in selection processes for public contracts, at a legal and regulatory level, have brought about significant jurisprudential and doctrinal shifts in relation to this insurance, a private law contract interlaced with elements of public policy. But, unlike the performance guarantee, not much has been written regarding the offer-reliability guarantee, which justifies making an analytical study, case law and regulatory-wise, regarding the concept, nature, classification and regime of this type of insurance --whether the provisions governing the insurance contract in the Commercial Code, or special rules of the administrative regulations are applicable--, its essential elements, its value, the claim and the prescription of the insurance contract. All of the above is meant to reveal the properties of this contract, as well as to identify which of the precedents and doctrinal pronouncements relating to the performance guarantee are applicable to it, given its particular nature, the presence of a public entity and the moment of its constitution, as a condition enabling the selection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]