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• Gender and interdependence emerge as key issues when analyzing mobility barriers. • Mobility barriers are different depending on gender, lifecycle, age, ethnicity. • Linking time-use surveys and ethnographic methods are useful for transport research. • Ethnography provide an understanding of individual and collective mobility strategies. Combining traditional transport research tools with qualitative research methods, particularly ethnography, can contribute to our understanding of the complexity of mobility strategies, particularly their gendered differences. Ethnographic approaches can both explain and disentangle some of the results that emerge from travel and time use surveys, hence providing a more complete picture of how and why these strategies take place, and the barriers people face when moving in the city. Using research-case studies based on in the city of Concepcion, Chile, the paper describes the application of these methods, presenting results which are particularly gender sensitive, as they shed light on the difficulty of understanding mobility strategies as individually decided and conceived, and help to explain how mobility strategies are interdependent and how determinant issues of care are in terms of mobility decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of an increasing interest in understanding travel for non-mandatory activities, such as recreation and socializing, this work focuses on studying the relationships between activity participation, social networks, and expenditures in daily travel patterns associated with leisure activities in order to understand people's strategies for performing activities in daily life. Using a 7-day time use diary from a resident sample of Concepción, Chile, along with information about people's socio-demography, social network and expenditure behavior, structural equations models were estimated to study the role of social networks on people's space–time and monetary patterns. The results suggest a positive relationship between people's interaction with their social networks, their expenditure levels, and their space–time activity patterns. The analysis adds empirical evidence towards a better understanding of people's decision-making processes by using a time use and a social networks approach. The model results reveal that out-of-home leisure time has a strong impact on the interactions with alters and monetary expenditures. In this context, "with whom" and how much time someone spends doing a specific activity act as key intermediary dimensions to explain leisure activity participation and travel behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the interest in the contextual role of transport in health outcomes, this paper explores the relationship between these two dimensions and food purchasing patterns in the city of Concepción, Chile. The modeling framework corresponds to a Generalized Heterogeneous Data Model, composed of a structural equation and a measurement equation model. Socio-demographic variables and constructs are used to study the relationship between food purchasing patterns (store type choice and frequency), transportation patterns (purchasing usual mode), and health (body mass index, BMI). Individual's healthy lifestyle propensities and time pressure are defined as latent constructs. The results identify how key socio-demographic characteristics, such as age and income, are crucial to understanding store type choice and frequency, controlling the built environment's role in-store supply and distance from home. These variables also influence transportation patterns and health outcomes. The model also captures the endogenous effects among the three dimensions of interest, finding a statistically significant impact of the transportation mode on food purchasing patterns through the interaction with distance. No direct effects were found between BMI and transport patterns when including the latent constructs. This result suggests that promoting active transportation may not necessarily lead to better health. Health-conscious individuals engage in active transport, taking care of their diet, and seeking a healthy daily routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]