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Human mpox is a zoonotic disease, similar to smallpox, caused by the mpox virus, which is further subdivided into Congo Basin and West African clades with different pathogenicity. In this study, a novel diagnostic protocol utilizing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 12a nuclease (CRISPR/Cas12a)‐mediated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed to identify mpox in the Congo Basin and West Africa (CRISPR‐RPA). Specific RPA primers targeting D14L and ATI were designed. CRISPR‐RPA assay was performed using various target templates. In the designed CRISPR‐RPA reaction system, the exponentially amplified RPA amplification products with a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site can locate the Cas12a/crRNA complex to its target regions, which successfully activates the CRISPR/Cas12a effector and achieves ultrafast trans‐cleavage of a single‐stranded DNA probe. The limit of detection for the CRISPR‐RPA assay was 10 copies per reaction for D14L‐ and ATI‐plasmids. No cross‐reactivity was observed with non‐mpox strains, confirming the high specificity of the CRISPR‐RPA assay for distinguishing between the Congo Basin and West African mpox. The CRISPR‐RPA assay can be completed within 45 min using real‐time fluorescence readout. Moreover, the cleavage results were visualized under UV light or an imaging system, eliminating the need for a specialized apparatus. In summary, the developed CRISPR/RPA assay is a visual, rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection technique that can be used as an attractive potential identification tool for Congo Basin and West African mpox in resource‐limited laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]