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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of QhaliKay: Revista de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of QhaliKay Revista de Ciencias de la Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent one of the greatest challenges for development of the 21st century due to their devastating social, economic and public health impact. The objective of this article are to describe the evolution and risk factors for NCDs in Cuba, mainly in the period 1990-2015, to outline actions undertaken by the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, and to highlight the most important challenges with a focus on their prevention and control. The information is based on data collected and published by the Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, research on risk factors, other studies and documentation of comprehensive actions. Mortality in Cuba is determined by four major health problems: cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract and diabetes mellitus, which together cause 68.0% of deaths. Cancer presents a growing trend, and chronic kidney disease emerges as a serious health problem. Cuba has a known baseline on risk factors, and hypertension and tobacco consumption are the main factors related to NCDs mortality. In line with the importance of these diseases, there are milestones and interventions with a positive impact, as well as gaps and challenges within the framework of the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Dengue is a priority public health problem. During epidemics in Cuba and Haiti, ethnic African descendents population had lower risk of dengue, and ethnic was proposed as a protective factor. Objective: To determine the relation between the cumulative incidence of dengue and the proportion of Afro-Colombians in communities of Cali, during the epidemic of 2013. Methods: This study was conducted in Cali, Colombia. The design was ecological, using information from the National Census 2005 projected to 2013, from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), and the National Epidemiological Surveillance System. It was obtained the Pearson´s correlation coefficient between cumulative incidence and the proportion of Afro-Colombians population by communities; additionally it were evaluated the cummulatives incidences of two zones with different proportion Afro-Colombians inhabitants. The Association was evaluated for aggregation bias, confounding by social variables, and interaction by area of residence, too. Results: Dengue cumulative incidence was significantly lower for AfroColombian, regardless of the proportion of Afro-Colombians population in the area of residence. The Relative Risk of dengue between non-Afro-Colombians and Afro-Colombians was 9.4 (95% CI= 8.4- 10.6) in the high proportion zone of Afro-Colombians population, while the Relative Risk in the low proportion zone of Afro-Colombians population was 4.0 (95% CI= 3.6-4.4). There was no evidence of aggregation bias or confounding in the association by social variables. Conclusions: The Afro-Colombians population had a significantly lower risk of getting dengue and its complications, compared with the non-Afro-Colombians population. The non-Afro-Colombians populations living in areas with a high proportion of Afro-Colombians increase their risk of dengue more than double, suggesting an asymptomatic viremic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An analytic case-control study was carried out in order to identify some risk factors in children under 1 year with sepsis admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of "Juan B. Viñas González" General Teaching Hospital of Palma Soriano in Santiago de Cuba, from June 2010 to the same month of 2012, for which the following variables were considered: age, birth weight, personal history of chronic diseases, and nutritional status, maternal age, previous use of antimicrobial agents, smoking habit in the mother and overcrowding. Of 60 infants, 20 formed the case group and 40 the control group. In the analysis of the results the chi-square test was used (p <0.05), and the degree of association of risk factors with sepsis was determined by relative risk univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis through the odds ratio. A strong causal relationship of the age under 6 months and malnutrition with the occurrence of sepsis was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the progress of children with risk factors for neurodevelopmental retardation treated at the community early intervention program in Habana Vieja. Methods: Prospective assessment study of the program whose universe was 189 (study) children with risk antecedents born between 1998 and 2000 who remained five years in the program. We considered risk factors for perinatal insults, low birth weight and social risk. We compared the assessment by the scales of infant development study and control groups (188 children without stimulation and risk). Stimulation was performed at home. We analyzed the contrast of average scores on the assessment. The statistical method was t-Student, considering unknown sigma, level of alpha⩽ 0.05. Results: The study group had a mean mental assessment in the second period (101.69). Comparing each group with the same, an average contrast with significant values of t was shown in the motor area (p= 2.31). The mean contrast between study and control groups showed significant differences in favour of the study group in the mental area (t= -5.65), motor area (t= -6.71) and Brunet-Lezine scale (t= -5.78) significant in the second period. Conclusions: We infer a significant qualitative leap, showing that improvement was achieved in most children with risk factors without neurodevelopmental retardation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and their risk factors in children in urban and rural settings in two Cuban municipalities. Methods A total of 1320 Cuban schoolchildren aged 4–14 were tested by stool examination for intestinal parasite infections and evaluated by parental questionnaire for a number of common environmental, sanitary, socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the relationship between the respective parasite infections and the risk factors. Results Prevalences of intestinal parasite infections were 58% in Fomento and 45% in San Juan y Martínez; for helminth infections, these were 18% and 24% and for protozoa infections, 50% and 29%, respectively. Helminth infections were associated with high parental education (maternal: OR 0.68, CI 0.50–0.93; paternal: OR 0.71, CI 0.52–0.96), absence of toilet (OR 1.57, CI 1.12–2.19), consumption of water from a well or river (OR 0.56, CI 0.41–0.77) and eating unpeeled/unwashed fruit (OR 1.37, CI 1.01–1.87); protozoa infections were only associated with high maternal education (OR 0.72, CI 0.57–0.91). Conclusions Paediatric intestinal parasite infections are still prevalent in certain areas in Cuba and associated with a number of common environmental, socioeconomic and sanitary risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is usually acquired in childhood. In Cuba, its study in pediatric ages is a little explored field., Aim: To identify the prevalence of the infection and its associated risk factors in 3-year-old children in Havana., Materials and Methods: An analytic, cross-sectional, epidemiologic analysis was conducted on 1,274 children belonging to the cohort of participants in the Natural History of Wheezing in Cuba study (HINASIC for its Spanish acronym) that were 3 years of age and provided a stool sample. H. pylori infection was identified by determining the H. pylori antigen (Ag) in stool, utilizing the commercial Spinreact kit, from Spain. The data were collected through a questionnaire applied by the researchers that included sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle variables, as well as infection from other parasites. Prevalence and the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval were calculated and the dichotomous logistic regression analysis was employed., Results: The prevalence of positive H. pylori Ag was 5%. Sleeping together was the risk factor found (PR:1.27; 95% CI: 1.03-1.50). Protective factors were drinking water from water delivery trucks (PR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04-0.72) and living in a nuclear family unit (PR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99)., Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in early childhood places Havana in an intermediate position at the international level. To control the infection, causal studies should be conducted and opportune interventions implemented., (Copyright © 2020 Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the third-leading cause of death and the second-leading cause of disability and dementia., Objective: Determine stroke incidence and risk factors in a population of adults aged 65 and over in Cuba (Havana and Matanzas)., Material and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study, completed between April 2008 and Abril 2011, re-evaluated 2916 elderly adults with an average follow-up time of 4 years. Cases included 2316 living subjects and 600 verbal autopsies. Study variables were age, sex, educational level, self-reported health, and description of chronic diseases and substance abuse. Laboratory tests included genotyping APOE. Stroke was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization definition. We calculated the global incidence rate for stroke, broken down by sex, age group, and risk factors for incident stroke., Results: Stroke incidence was 786.2 in 100000 persons/year (95% CI: 672.3-906.4). History of alcohol consumption (HR: 3.5; 95% CI: 3.3-3.7), dementia (HR: 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.5) and male sex (HR: 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8) were shown to be risk factors for incident stroke., Conclusions: Stroke incidence was similar to rates reported in developed countries and lower than that in low- to middle-income countries. Given that diabetes mellitus, heart disease, arterial hypertension, smoking, APOE4, etc. are associated with higher mortality rates, they will require separate analysis in a study of stroke risk factors., (Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introducción: En la actualidad la obesidad y el sobrepeso son un importante problema de salud para los niños y adolescentes en los países desarrollados y también en Cuba. Objetivo: Determinar algunos factores de riesgo asociados en adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso del Policlínico Julio Grave de Peralta de la provincia Holguín (Cuba) durante el periodo de agosto del 2011 a Febrero del 2012. Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal. Se estudiaron 37 adolescentes entre 15-19 años. Variables incluidas: sexo, evaluación nutricional, presión arterial, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Para el análisis comparativo se empleó el test de Chi cuadrado. En todos los casos, se trabajó con un nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se encontró obesidad en el 24,32% de los adolescentes y fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino. En el grupo de pacientes con malnutrición por exceso 12 presentaron antecedentes patológicos familiares de obesidad (80,0%), X² = 13,87. Los adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso tuvieron altos niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos. El 20,0% de los adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso presentó Hipertensión Grado I. Se encontró asociación significativa entre la malnutrición por exceso y los niveles elevados de colesterol y triglicéridos. Conclusiones: Los antecedentes patológicos familiares de obesidad, los niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos y las cifras tensionales elevadas resultaron factores de riesgo asociados a la malnutrición por exceso en los adolescentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental and maxillofacial anomalies have multiple and complex causes. Most frequent among these are poor oral habits. A large number of children present with oral malocclusions, most of which are caused by deforming oral habits. It is important to learn about risk factors for this condition in order to institute preventive measures, early detection and treatment, and identification of low- and high-risk groups., Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with deforming oral habits, which, if maintained over time, are responsible for occlusion defects, speech disorders, and can affect physical and emotional child development., Methods: A case-control study of children presenting with deforming oral habits in the municipality of Manzanillo in Granma province was conducted between January and August 2013. 540 children aged 5 to 11 were included of which 180 had deforming oral habits and were asked to fill out a survey to identify specific type of habits leading to malocclusion. The case group was composed of children with deforming habits, and the remaining 360 children without poor oral habits were the control group. Each case was randomly matched to two control cases. The children mothers were also surveyed to gather supplemental information., Results: Children with deforming oral habits were mostly female. At age 10, onychophagia was the predominant oral deforming habit. Risk factors detected for these habits were sociobiological maternal and child variables such as low and high birth weight, maternal breastfeeding inexperience, and discord in the family., Conclusions: The study identified likely risk factors associated with deforming oral habits. These are discord in the family, birth weight, and lack of breastfeeding experience.