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This paper focuses on the dynamic characteristics of wheel–rail collision vibration for high-speed train under crosswind. The wind load model is established by using fast Fourier transform harmonic synthesis method and Davenport coherence function, the lateral displacement of wheelset of high-speed train under crosswind is calculated, the dynamic model of wheel–rail collision vibration system of high-speed train under crosswind is established. The effects of vibration frequency, wheel–rail clearance and lateral damping on the characteristics of wheel–rail lateral clearance impact vibration system of high-speed train are discussed. Numerical simulation results show that the impact velocity of wheelset collision on left and right rails increases with the increase of vibration frequency. When ω > 3.3, the system changes from chaos state to single period stable state through inverse doubling bifurcation; when b < 0.0033, it is in a chaos state, and with the increase of b, the inverse doubling bifurcation occurs until the hunting motion of the wheel–rail system is in a stable state; when ζ ≤ 0.1 , the system is in a stable single period operation state, and with the continuous increase of ζ , it begins to have hop bifurcation, enters a multi-period and chaos state, and finally it is in a stable single period operation state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]