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Having breakfast is associated with improved diet quality, cognitive- and academic performance and can therefore positively impact learning and health, although the impact on reading literacy is unknown in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to assess the association between having breakfast often versus rarely and reading literacy achievement based on Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) from 2016. The sample consisted of Danish (N = 3508), Finnish (N = 4896), Norwegian (N = 4232) and Swedish (N = 4525) students, 10-11 years old. Students self-reported their frequency of having breakfast. Linear regression analysis (adjusted for socio-economic status and gender) showed that those who often vs. rarely had breakfast achieved a higher reading literacy score. The results suggest that having breakfast may be important for reading literacy achievement even after adjusting for socioeconomic status. This potential relationship between breakfast intake and students' academic achievement should be given priority for further research and practice as breakfast is a modifiable factor that can be both improved and be intervened on.

Schools are recognized as important locales for education and action to change food-related environmental and health behaviours. Research shows the potential for a whole school systems approach to integrate educational activities, food in school, and wider food-related interactions. However, little attention has been given to how theory is put into practice in terms of reforming school food practices in the everyday routines and commitments of schooling. This study aimed to identify how school practitioners operationalise whole systems approaches. The context was an exchange programme involving schools and national school food non-governmental organisations in England, Denmark, and the Czech Republic. Using case study design, the research involved school practitioner interviews and critical group reflection. Participants adopted perspectives and identified actions to create solutions in real-world practice settings, such as themes around, 'persistence, passion and belief'; 'bending the rules' 'supportive, respectful, and united teams'; 'having a holistic vision', 'resistance', and 'making-do'. Drawing upon a conceptual framework concerned with taking an integrated approach, we suggest that these 'everyday practices' have a critical role in food systems reform in schools.

If people want to be healthy they need to eat. However, food poverty (the inability to afford or access food to make up a healthy diet) is just one of the consequences of climate change. For many children in UK schools, food poverty is their everyday experience. The UK's food poverty rate is suggested to be among the highest in Europe; despite the UK being the sixth richest country in the world, millions are struggling to access the food they need. In this article, the authors describe how education is the key to leaving food poverty behind.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how students' participation in an integrated school food program was related to the development of components of food and health-related action competence (F & HRAC). These components were understood to be the knowledge, insight, motivation, ownership and social skills that made students able to take action regarding food and health in everyday life. Design/methodology/approach: Research was undertaken as a single case study of the development of an integrated education and health program called LOMA-Local Food (LOMA) in a secondary school in Denmark. Qualitative methods were applied, including an action research component, where researcher and teachers examined how students developed action competence. The program was based on a whole school approach with the aim of improving F & HRAC. As a way to obtain this, students participated in planning, preparing, cooking and serving their own school food as integrated in curriculum. The study applied the Health Promoting Schools' (HPS) conceptual framework and the Investigation, Vision, Action and Change (IVACE) approach. Findings: Students who participated in LOMA educational activities became motivated for developing a food F & HRAC, which included components such as knowledge, insight, motivation, ownership, action experience, commitment, cooperation and critical thinking. Students developed practical skills related to food and health, when they were cooking healthy school food together with professionals and peers. The study also points to the importance of capacity building among teachers. The IVACE matrix is suggested as a relevant tool for monitoring forms of participation that contributes to students' development of F & HRAC. Practical implications: There were indications of how participation in LOMA contributed to students' development of F & HRAC. The practical implication of this is that "setting" is very important for the success of food and health education initiatives. In this integrated approach the production kitchen and the dining hall are indispensable. Also the new organization of the school day and the introduction of a shared daily meal are important practical components for the improvement of the learning environment. The possibility of combining theory and practice seem conducive for students' achievement of action competence. Social implications: The current study is an example of how the IVACE matrix can be applied in order to plan, conduct and evaluate LOMA educational activities, which could be considered as a contribution to the HPS scientific community. It would be useful for other schools that intend to apply the LOMA approach. However, more research is needed, where teachers, students, staff and other stakeholders collaborate in an action research process. This could promote students' health and support other initiatives regarding public health, sustainable development and democracy. Originality/value: This research may have implications for the way that school food programs are developed and implemented if they are to make a contribution to students' development of F & HRAC. Taking the political interest for research-based interventions into account, it is important that future strategies include teachers' capacity building. Research is also needed regarding further development and test of the IVACE matrix as a method in participatory, health education approaches. This should be seen in combination with a renewed focus on integrated curricula models related to the on-going discussion on redesign of western school curricula.

Background: During the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic of Spring 2020, Denmark was one of the first countries to introduce lockdown measures, including closing of all daycare centers. Following the reopening of daycare centers, Danish Health Authorities implemented a mandatory intensive hand hygiene regimen. Objectives: To examine the occurrence and point prevalence of hand eczema as a consequence of more intensive hand hygiene among Danish children attending daycare. Methods: The heads of 1667 daycare centers in Denmark were contacted and asked to forward a link to a questionnaire to parents of the children attending the daycare center. Results: Among 6858 children, 12.1% had hand eczema before reopening of daycare centers, whereas 38.3% reported hand eczema after the children returned to daycare. Of the children who never had hand eczema, 28.6% developed hand eczema after returning to daycare. The risk of hand eczema was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis, female gender, higher age, and frequency of handwashing. Conclusion: Following the implemented hygiene regimen, a high proportion of young children rapidly developed hand eczema. Well‐established prophylactic skin care might have spared a proportion of the children from developing hand eczema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to test this in a nationwide register study of diagnoses used in child and adolescents psychiatry in Denmark. A larger number of different diagnoses were expected to be applied after the introduction of the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Reflecting the time trend, we particularly expected an increase in the number of neuropsychiatric diagnoses. From the Danish Psychiatric Central Register data were drawn on clinical discharge diagnoses. All patients aged 0–15 years examined at psychiatric hospitals from 1995–2002 were included; 22,469 children and adolescents with a first contact were registered. The most frequent discharge diagnoses were pervasive development disorders (PDD; 11.9%), adjustment disorders (10.6%), conduct disorder (9.5%), emotional and anxiety disorders (7.6%), hyperkinetic disorders (7.3%), and specific developmental disorders (7.3%). We found a significant increase in the number of neuropsychiatric and affective diagnoses and a significant decrease in the number of adjustment, conduct and anxiety diagnoses during the study period. Of the 22,469 diagnoses, 45% were only partly specified according to ICD-10. Thirty-four per cent had diagnoses unspecified on the four-character level (Fxx.9) and 11% had Z-diagnoses. A larger number of different diagnoses and an increase in the use of neuropsychiatric diagnoses were seen after the introduction of ICD-10. Many diagnoses were only partly specified; consequently, a more detailed specification of the ICD-10 is still required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) is often colonised by Staphylococcus aureus and the bacterial abundance increases during a flare. However, the role of S. aureus and the skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD, including its influence on the dysfunctional skin barrier and immune response, remains to be elucidated. In this study, the temporal relationship between alterations in the skin barrier function, inflammation and microbiome is examined in adults with AD., Methods and Analysis: This clinical study consists of 81 adult patients with AD, as defined by the Hanifin and Rajka criteria, and 41 age and sex-matched controls. The objectives are to examine alterations in the skin microbiome, skin barrier and immune response during (1) an untreated AD flare, (2) an AD flare treated with topical corticosteroids (TCS), (3) an AD flare treated with systemic dicloxacillin/placebo and TCS or (4) cutaneous exposure to either autologous S. aureus , staphylococcal enterotoxin B or a vehicle. Skin biopsies, tape strips, skin and nasal swabs are collected and analysed using RNA sequencing, multiplex immunoassays, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA. Blood samples are analysed for filaggrin gene mutations and leucocyte gene expression., Ethics and Dissemination: The scientific Ethical Committee of the Capital Region in Denmark (phases I and II: H-20011047, phases III and IV: H-21079287), the local data protection agency (phases I and II: P-2020-165, phases III and IV: P-2022-250) and the Danish Medicines Agency (phases III and IV: EudraCT 2021-006883-25, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05578482) have approved the studies. Participants will give written informed consent prior to study initiation. The study is conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Outcomes will be presented at national and international conferences and in international peer-reviewed publications., Trial Registration Number: NCT05578482, EudraCT 2021-006883-2., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Outside of this study, JT has been an advisor for AbbVie, Almirall, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Coloplast, OM Pharma, Aslan Pharmaceuticals, Union Therapeutics, Eli Lilly & Co, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron and Sanofi-Genzyme; a speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli Lilly & Co, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron and Sanofi-Genzyme; and received research grants from Pfizer, Regeneron and Sanofi-Genzyme. TB has been an advisor for SoftOx Solutions outside the submitted work. SFT has been a speaker or advisor for Sanofi, AbbVie, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Novartis, UCB Pharma, Almirall and Janssen Pharmaceuticals; has received research support from Sanofi, AbbVie, LEO Pharma, Novartis, UCB Pharma and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. LB has received research support from the Leo Foundation. A-SH-S has received a speaker honorarium from LEO Pharma and honoraria as a consultant from Coloplast., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Data from real-world use of new systemic treatments in atopic dermatitis (AD) is important for assessing safety and efficacy. The aim of this study is to describe the baseline characteristics of adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD enrolled in the Danish nationwide Severe and ChRonic Atopic dermatitis Treatment CoHort (SCRATCH) database, between October 2017 and August 2021. A total of 282 adult patients were included. Most (62%) were men, the median age at baseline was 43 years (interquartile range (IQR) 29-54 years), and median age at onset of AD was 1 year (IQR 0-6 years). The median Eczema Area and Severity Index at treatment initiation was 19.1 (IQR 11.9-25.7); median Patient Oriented Eczema Measure 21.0 (IQR 16.0-25.0); median Dermatology Life Quality Index 13.0 (IQR 7.0-19.0); and median itch and sleep numerical rating scale scores 8.0 (IQR 6.0-9.0) and 6.0 (IQR 4.0-8.0). Differences were found between the sexes. This registry will provide a source for future efficacy and safety studies.