1. Isolation and characterization of circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus from sewage and stream waters in Hispaniola.
- Author
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Vinjé J, Gregoricus N, Martin J, Gary HE Jr, Caceres VM, Venczel L, Macadam A, Dobbins JG, Burns C, Wait D, Ko G, Landaverde M, Kew O, and Sobsey MD
- Subjects
- Animals, Dominican Republic epidemiology, Female, Haiti epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Neutralization Tests, Poliomyelitis epidemiology, Poliovirus genetics, Poliovirus Vaccines adverse effects, Poliovirus Vaccines genetics, Poliovirus Vaccines isolation & purification, Prevalence, RNA, Viral chemistry, RNA, Viral genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Viral Nonstructural Proteins chemistry, Viral Nonstructural Proteins genetics, Disease Outbreaks, Poliomyelitis virology, Poliovirus isolation & purification, Poliovirus Vaccines analysis, Sewage virology, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
Twenty-one cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were reported on the island of Hispaniola in 2000. Laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) type 1 in stool samples obtained from patients. As a complement to the active search for cases of AFP, environmental sampling was conducted during November and December 2000, to test for cVDPV in sewage, streams, canals, and public latrines. Fifty-five environmental samples were obtained and analyzed for the presence of polioviruses by use of cell culture followed by neutralization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the 23 positive samples, 10 tested positive for poliovirus type 1, 7 tested positive for poliovirus type 2, 5 tested positive for poliovirus type 3, and 1 tested positive for both poliovirus type 2 and type 3. By sequence analysis of the complete viral capsid gene 1 (VP1), a 2.1%-3.7% genetic sequence difference between 7 type 1 strains and Sabin type 1 vaccine strain was found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses are highly related to cVDPV isolated from clinical cases and form distinct subclusters related to geographic region. Our findings demonstrate a useful role for environmental surveillance of neurovirulent polioviruses in the overall polio eradication program.
- Published
- 2004
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