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Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. is an epiphytic moss mainly recorded from East Asia. To clarify its morphological variations and their potential genetic basis, we morphologically compared fourteen samples assigned to M. japonicum, and constructed a phylogenetic tree including these samples based on trnL-F, trnG and ITS2. On the phylogenetic tree, these fourteen samples formed a single clade, being characterized by the typical features of M. japonicum. Comparing the types of M. japonicum var. makinoi (Broth.) Nog., M. dickasonii Bartr. and M. polygonostomum Dixon & P. de la Varde with these samples, and the types of M. japonicum and its former synonyms including Dasymitrium incurvum Lind. and M. bathyodontum Cardot, we found that the variations of the former three species fall within the morphological variation range of the above fourteen samples and the types of M. japonicum, D. incurvum and M. bathyodontum. Therefore, we treated M. japonicum var. makinoi, M. dickasonii and M. polygonostomum as three new synonyms of M. japonicum. Macromitrium giraldii Müll.Hal. is excluded from the synonyms of M. japoncium and likely an acceptable species name. Additionally, M. japonicum is newly recorded for Myanmar. Trois nouveaux synonymes de Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) sur la base de preuves morphologiques et moléculaires. Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. est une mousse épiphyte principalement observée en Asie de l'Est. Afin de clarifier ses variations morphologiques et leur base génétique potentielle, nous avons comparé morphologiquement quatorze échantillons attribués à M. japonicum, et construit un arbre phylogénétique incluant ces échantillons sur la base trnL-F, trnG et ITS2. Sur l'arbre phylogénétique, ces quatorze échantillons formaient un seul clade, caractérisé par les particularités typiques de M. japonicum. En comparant les types de M. japonicum var. makinoi (Broth.) Nog., M. dickasonii Bartr. et M. polygonostomum Dixon & P. de la Varde avec ces échantillons, et les types de M. japonicum et ses anciens synonymes dont Dasymitrium incurvum Lind. et M. bathyodontum Cardot, nous avons trouvé que les variations des trois premières espèces se situent dans la gamme de variation morphologique des quatorze échantillons ci-dessus et des types de M. japonicum, D. incurvum et M. bathyodontum. Par conséquent, nous avons traité M. japonicum var. makinoi, M. dickasonii et M. polygonostomum comme trois nouveaux synonymes de M. japonicum. Macromitrium giraldii Müll. Hal. est exclu des synonymes de M. japonicum et constitue probablement un nom d'espèce acceptable. En outre, M. japonicum est nouvellement signalé pour le Myanmar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbula schensiana, endemic to China is transferred to the genus Didymodon as D. schensianus. It is shown that B. schensiana and its variety longifolia has incorrectly been considered conspecific with Didymodon vinealis and D. constrictus, respectively. Examination of other type specimens from East Asia such as Didymodon guangdongensis, Barbula altipes, Barbula nipponica and B. nipponica var. gracilis revealed that are new synonyms of D. schensianus. The range of the species is extended to Japan, Taiwan and Philippines. The species is described, lectotypified, illustrated and its distribution is mapped. Its distinction from and relationships with, similar species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]