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The operation and effectiveness of a solar-powered underground water pumping system are affected by many environmental and technical factors. The impact of these factors must be investigated to be considered when developing these systems and to ensure their dependability. This study evaluated the dependability and performance of photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) under real operating conditions by examining the effects of solar irradiance, panels' temperature, and components' efficiency. From December 2020 to June 2021, experiments were conducted on a 10 hp PVWPS located in Bani Salamah, Al-Qanater-Giza Governorate, Egypt, at latitude 30.3° N, longitude 30.8° E, and 19 m above sea level. The irradiance values reached 755.7, 792.7, and 805.7 W/m2 at 12:00 p.m. in December, March, and June, respectively. Furthermore, the irradiance has a significant impact on the pump flow rate, as the amount of pumped water during the day reached 129, 164.1, and 181.8 m3/day, respectively. The panels' temperatures rose to 35.7 °C, 39.9 °C, and 44 °C, respectively. It was observed that when the temperature rises by 1 degree Celsius, efficiency falls by 0.48%. The average efficiency of photovoltaic solar panels reached its highest value in March (13.8%) and its lowest value in December (13%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indirect hyperbilirubinemia is frequently encountered during neonatal period. Although it has different causes, in some cases it can't be explained. Previous studies have illustrated that jaundice could be a major sign of urinary tract infection (UTI) in neonates. Aim of the work: We aimed to determine the association between UTI and significant unexplained neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This prospective controlled study was performed on 150 neonates divided in two groups (100 as cases and 50 as controls) to investigate the incidence of UTI in neonates with significant unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. Urine sample was obtained using urine catheterization technique from neonates and full urine analysis was done and cases with pyuria had urine culture to confirm UTI. Immediate renal ultrasonography (USG) was performed for neonates with UTI. Results: UTI incidence was 11% in cases while none of neonates in control group had UTI with statistical significance between cases and controls (P value < 0.05). The most common (36.4%) pathogen was Escherichia coli. Posterior urethral valve with mild hydronephrosis was diagnosed in 18.2% of UTI positive patients by renal ultrasonography. Conclusion: In neonates with unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia, UTI should be considered as a pathological cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid micro-grid systems (HMGS) are small scale power system where the energy sources are installed to supply local customers. These systems may be considered as promising energy solution to meet the increased in energy demand and traditional sources depletion. Cost of electricity, system reliability, and environmental impacts of the system are three design criteria that must be considered in obtaining the accurate parameters of hybrid renewable energy system components. In this paper, hybrid micro-grid renewable energy system includes photovoltaic system, (PV) wind energy system, (WES) battery bank, (BB) and conventional diesel generator (DG) are proposed to meet the energy requirements in remote area, located in Red Sea called city of Bernice, Egypt, at 23° 54′ 31″ N, 35° 28′ 21″ E. Optimization of Cost of Electricity (COE), Renewable Factor (RF), and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) are main objective of the designing process of the hybrid system considered as the objective functions. Then, Multi-objective multi-verse optimization (MOMVO) algorithm is used with considering two scenarios, the first one is renewable sources and the second is renewable/diesel energy source. All the possible HMGS configurations namely: PV/battery, wind/battery, PV/wind/battery and PV/battery/diesel, wind/battery/diesel, PV/wind/battery/diesel are studied and analyzed. Moreover, one year hourly meteorological weather data for case study are recorded. Reverse osmosis desalination (ROD) is considered in conjunction with the residential load. The proposed power management strategy is used to manage the system operation when supplying the load. A linear fuzzy membership function is used for purpose of decision making. The simulation results show that MOMVO produces appropriate components size and the PV/wind/battery/diesel is the optimum configuration with values of COE = 0.2720$/KWh, LPSP = 0.1397, and RF = 92.37% at w 1 = 0.5, w 2 = 0.3, and w 3 = 0.2. Sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of changing system parameters on the objective functions. It is also shown that the techno-economic feasibility of using HMGS for rural electrification systems and enhance energy access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]