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The Quaternary aquifer in the western Nile Delta is threatened by seawater intrusion. Few studies have integrated diverse techniques for the assessment of seawater intrusion in this aquifer. The present study aims to determine the geochemical processes and impact of seawater intrusion on this aquifer. To accomplish this investigation, the integration of hydrogeochemical, statistical, multivariate statistical, and graphical tools were implemented on 75 groundwater samples and 5 soil samples. The physicochemical variables were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), saturation index (SI), ionic ratios, ionic relationships, the seawater intrusion index (SWI) and the correlations among 16 hydrochemical parameters, to identify the influencing processes of groundwater quality in the study area. According to the statistical study, the groundwater is divided into four groups. Those are distributed, from north to south: Group1 (G1), Group2 (G2), Group4 (G4), and Group3 (G3). The samples of G1 and G2 are distinguished by Na–Cl chemical type. While G4 has two main ion associations, HCO3–Ca–Mg and Cl–SO4–Na, G3 is characterized by HCO3–Cl–SO4–Ca–Na type. The processes that affect the chemistry of the groundwater are the seawater intrusion, ion exchange, silicate and Ca-rich mineral weathering, and mineral deposition. G1 and G2 groups are primarily influenced by seawater incursion, evaporation, and the ion exchange mechanism. In addition, the weathering of silicate minerals has a substantial effect on G3 and G4 groups, resulting in the creation of carbonate minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is conducted for developing separation of some elements of nuclear interest from zirconium-concentrate explored from Egyptian zircon mineral, using certain cationic exchangers. The main results revealed that Amberlite IR-120 is more efficient than Chelex-100 for separating La and Zr in 0.01 mol. L−1 (various acid, carbonate) from single or binary solution with separation factor (SF) of ∼2.1 × 103 (HCl) > 239 (HNO3) >56 (K2CO3) > 17.5 (HClO4). Separation of La and Zr was largely influenced by acid concentration, equilibration period, and temperature. Thermodynamically, values of Δ G o , Δ H o and Δ S o indicated that retention of the metal ions is disordered and endothermic nature. In a column application, Zr is separately eluted without La; with recoveries reached to 98% for Zr and 50% to 67% for La. The larger negativity of free energy of hydration of Zr (−6950 KJ/mol) that of La (−3418 KJ/mol) confirm that Zr exists as a non-sorptive species; meanwhile La forms adsorptive species onto the column bed resin. As a result, this study can be extended in the future to help exploration of the strategic elements (e.g., Zr, Hf, lanthanides) from their minerals in Egypt. Moreover, developed procedure by Amberlite IR-120 resin can be considered as highly efficient and promising for separation and purification of tri-valence lanthanides (e.g., La3+) and/or actinides (e.g., Am3+) from tetra-valence metal ions such as Zr4+ and Hf4+ or their homologous as Ce4+, Th4+ and Np4+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese silicomolybdate (Mn–Si–Mo) was prepared using sol–gel technique and employed for Pb2+, and Fe3+ adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermo-gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, and UV were applied to characterize the prepared exchanger. Experiments using batch were proceeded via the distribution coefficient, isotherms, and thermodynamic. The maximum adsorption capacity was established 8.5 and 6.5 meq/g at 25°C for Pb2+, and Fe3+ ions, respectively. Freundlich isotherm successfully fitted for the adsorption of lead and iron ions which implied that the adsorption process was physi sorption, the thermodynamic parameters like ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were computed, demonstrating that the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. A mechanism describing the interaction of Mn–Si–Mo and different pollutants is briefly explained. The presented low cost-effective material is advanced to prepare Mn–Si–Mo adsorbent for the abstraction of toxic pollutants from real water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The performance of the kaolin-based zeolites toward Pb2+ removal was studied. [•] Na-Y zeolites prepared from different Egyptian kaolins were used. [•] The zeolitic contents are proportional to the kaolinite contents in raw kaolins. [•] Pb2+ removal and Na+ release are in accordance with the zeolitic contents. [•] Loading capacities of our zeolites are higher than the commonly used adsorbents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Eocene aquifer system in Egypt is an important source of water to meet the increasing necessities of the agricultural, drinking, and domestic purposes. This study aimed to assess the impact of the hydro-structural features identified as lineaments on the groundwater occurrence, assess the water quality status for various purposes, and provide useful information for future management. To achieve this, Landsat images have been used in conjunction with the chemical data (major, trace ions, and physicochemical parameters) and statistical analysis. The hydrochemical facies showed that the water samples belong to (1) Ca-HCO 3 ; (2) mixed facies CaMgHCO 3 and mixed CaNaHCO 3 , and (3) Na-Cl hydrochemical facies. The water chemistry is controlled by the carbonate weathering, ion exchange, and evaporite dissolution. The groundwater analysis has indicated that the water is suitable for drinking purposes when compared with the drinking water standards. Furthermore, salinity, electric conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and sodium percentage (%Na) assessment show that majority of the groundwater samples are appropriate for irrigation. The satellite imagery of the area has been analyzed to determine the orientation, density, and intersection. The orientation of the lineaments is well-confirmed with regional structural setting; in addition, density maps show that the density is high throughout the study area. The results reflect a correlation between the lineaments and the hydrologic phenomena. The statistical analysis with the one-way ANOVA confirmed the importance of lineaments as explanatory variable for the observed variation in water quality. This in turn supported that the fracture is structurally controlled and mostly influences both the occurrence and quality.

Virus control in drinking water is considered one of the serious problems to be encountered in the near future. Trials to remove viruses from drinking water were directed to enhance water treatment processes, use of different disinfectants or use of a good virus adsorbent material. In the present study, four materials were prepared, dimethylaniinoethyl chitin, chitosan and cellulose and starch acrylate and examined for adsorption of hepatitis A virus from drinking water. Also, three types of eluates (3% beef extract-glycine, 3% beef Virus control in drinking water is considered one of the serious problems to be encountered in the near future. Trials to remove viruses from drinking water were directed to enhance water treatment processes, use of different disinfectants or use of a good virus adsorbent material. In the present study, four materials were prepared, dimethylaniinoethyl chitin, chitosan and cellulose and starch acrylate and examined for adsorption of hepatitis A virus from drinking water. Also, three types of eluates (3% beef extract-glycine, 3% beef extract and glycine) were used for virus recovery from adsorbed materials. The results obtained showed that dimethylaminoethyl chitosan was a good adsorbent (99.16%) and the three eluents were poorly desorb viruses.