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Zafarana Wind Park is considered the largest wind farm in Middle East. By the year 2022, Zafarana wind farm will inject 545 MW to Egypt national electric network (ENEN). This wind farm has been connecting to ENEN in stages (eight stages) from ten years ago. Each stage represents a project of wind farm. Hence, the impact of the emergency condition of ENEN on the performance of the installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park should be studied. Moreover, determining the possible method to reduce the side effects of the emergency condition of ENEN on the installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park becomes an important issue. In this paper, a combination between Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and crowbar (Cro-SSSC) is used to enhance the performance of the one installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park. The studied stage of Zafarana Wind Park is Zafarana Z1 wind farm (Z1). Zafarana Z1 wind farm represents that first stage of Zafarana Wind Park that was connected to ENEN. Hence, the paper takes Zafarana Z1 wind farm as the studied case to examine the impact of Cro-SSSC. The crowbar is used to protect the power components of the SSSC from the high current during grid fault condition. Also, in this paper multi-objective lightning attachment procedure optimization algorithm (LAPO) and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) are used to evaluate and tune the control gains of SSSC and the value of crowbar's resistance. This step is important in order to determine the values of the control's gains of SSSC and the value of crowbar resistance which suit the studied system (one installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park). The sliding mode control (SMC) is used as an example of nonlinear control of SSSC. Also, a hybrid of LAPO and SMC is used to improve the performance of Zafarana Z1 during faults. The results of LAPO, SCA and SMC are compared during three-phase fault and single line to ground fault applied to the studied system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis and optimization of an isolated hybrid renewable power system to operate in the Alrashda village in the Dakhla Oasis, which is situated in the New Valley Governorate in Egypt. The proposed hybrid system is designed to integrate a biomass system with a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and battery storage system (Bat). Four different cases are proposed and compared for analyzing and optimizing. The first case is a configuration of PV and WT with a biomass system and battery bank. The second case is the integration of PV with a biomass system and battery bank. The third case is WT integrated with biomass and a battery bank, and the fourth case is a conventional PV, WT, and battery bank as the main storage unit. The optimization is designed to reduce component oversizing and ensure the dependable control of power supplies with the objective function of reducing the levelized cost of energy and loss of power supply probability. Four optimization algorithms, namely Heap-based optimizer (HBO), Franklin's and Coulomb's algorithm (CFA), the Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA), and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) are utilized and compared with each other to ensure that all load demand is met at the lowest energy cost (COE) for the proposed hybrid system. The obtained results revealed that the HBO has achieved the best optimal solution for the suggested hybrid system for case one and two, with the minimum COE 0.121171 and 0.1311804 $/kWh, respectively, and with net present cost ( NPC ) of $3,559,143 and $3,853,160, respectively. Conversely, STOA has achieved the best optimal solution for case three and four, with a COE of 0.105673 and 0.332497 $/kWh, and an NPC of $3,103,938 and $9,766,441, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a hybrid algorithm called a Gradient Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (GAHA) is developed for reducing energy cost (EC) of microgrid system; this hybrid approach is based on the combination between Gradient based optimizer (GBO) and Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA). This proposed GAHA is firstly tested on a group of 23 benchmark test functions, and its obtained results are compared with five well-known algorithms including supply-demand-based optimization (SDO), wild horse optimizer (WHO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) and original AHA algorithm. The obtained results using the GAHA algorithm show better performance in most cases and comparative results in other cases. Moreover, the developed GAHA algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal configuration of an isolated hybrid system, which is consists of photovoltaic (PV) modules, wind turbine (WT), biomass system, and battery storage system. The proposed standalone hybrid system is implemented for feeding loads in the new Tiba city, in northeast of Luxor in southern Egypt. GAHA technology is applied to four different system configurations to obtain the optimal system design. The GAHA optimization findings are compared with the findings from other optimization algorithms namely the original AHA, Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) methods. The GAHA method achieved the best results for all the suggested configuration scenarios compared to the rest of the algorithms used. • Hybrid algorithm called a Gradient Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm. • For reducing energy cost of microgrid system. • Optimal configuration of an isolated hybrid system. • The proposed method achieved the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]