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The study aimed to develop and validate academic motivation measures among university students. The study adopted the correlational method. An available sample of university students selected from the Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University. The study sample consisted of 453 people. The scales responded online to the students after they accepted the informed consent and wrote their data online in the same submission file. The study investigated the factor structures of the Academic Motivation Scale (three-, four, five-, and seven-factor models). The seven-factor model, the four-factor model, and the five-factor model were the most appropriate. According to the convergent validity, it was positively associated with the motives of autonomy and measures of cognitive styles, However, the lack of motivation subscale was nonsignificant with the Cognitive Styles scale and the Self-motivation subscale. The study indicates the psychological validity of the academic motivation scale for university students.

This study investigated the effectiveness of using a social learning programme facilitated by Facebook to develop some creative writing skills and motivation to learn English among secondary-one school students. Seventy students in secondary-one grade in Al-Shahid Hussein A. Abdul-Raouf Mixed Secondary School in Al-Maabda in the second semester of the academic 2022\2023 year, Assiut Educational Directorate where the researcher works, were chosen as the study participants and were divided evenly into two groups. The researcher adopted the two-group quasi-experimental design. A creative writing pre-post test was administered to the participants of both study groups to assess students' development in the specified creative writing skills before and after the experimental treatment. A motivation scale was administered to the participants of the experimental group before the experimental treatment, and it was readministered to the participants of both the study groups after the experimental treatment to assess the effectiveness of the program in enhancing the students' motivation to learn English. The data collection process included both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results were analysed, and the outcomes were demonstrated. The findings of the study assured that there were statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the two research groups in the pre-post administration of the creative writing skills test and the motivation scale in favour of the post-testing. The study revealed that using activities based on Social Learning Theory (SLT) that were facilitated by Facebook proved to be effective and have considerable contributions to developing English creative writing skills of secondary-one school students. Future research should focus on integrating Social Learning Theory and the virtual educational environment of Facebook in the English language content and curriculum. Research should also be conducted to investigate the use of Social Learning and Facebook in other language skills (i.e., listening, reading, and speaking).

Objectives: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been reported to be more likely to experience lower levels of mental health as a result of the increased challenges associated with care provision and social inclusion of their children. Social inclusion in Arab countries differs in terms of quality and practices due to ecological and cultural variations. Based on an expected impact of culture and resilience, this study investigated the relationship between social inclusion practices and mothers' mental health in two Arabic-speaking countries. Methods: A total sample of 660 mothers of children with ASD from Oman and Egypt participated in the study and were administered measures of perceived social inclusion practices, mental health, and resilience. Results: Multi-group path analyses showed that culture and resilience have an impact on the association between social inclusion practices and mothers' mental health. Conclusions: Our findings have significant implications for social inclusion practices. They underscore the need to build mothers' resilience to improve their mental health. Additionally, social inclusion practices need to be prioritized by policy makers and professionals in Arab countries in order to develop a model of best practices of social inclusion across Arab countries.

COVID-19 has led to quarantines, isolations, and social separations worldwide. Universities use distance education and blended learning especially for practical courses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of blended learning via Edmodo on students' performance and attitude when learning some fundamental boxing skills. Thirty-two students from 124 enrolled in a boxing sport course were randomly selected. A quasi-experimental design was used by creating a control group and an experimental group. A flipped classroom strategy was used to teach basic boxing skills to the experimental group via Edmodo. The control group was taught via teacher command style. Results of the post-measurements of overall skill performance score indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group with a large effect size of ([eta][superscript 2] = 0.73). The Edmodo students also demonstrated positive attitudes. A blended learning program via Edmodo influences positively on learning boxing skills and motivates them to learn.

Expository writing (EW) is crucial for the literacy development of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in inclusive classrooms. Students with ID, however, struggle with EW due to problems with generating, organizing, and producing text. Similarly, teachers of students with ID face challenges with employing the appropriate instructional method to teach EW to students with ID. The current study, therefore, investigated the effectiveness of combining two instructional methods, namely the Four-Square Writing Method and Sentence Frames, in teaching EW skills to students with ID. Using a single group pretest posttest quasi experimental design, 8 students with mild ID who received their education in inclusive classroom in one of the suburban schools in Egypt participated in the study. Participants were aged between 11 and 12 and were enrolled in grades 5 and 6. An intervention instructional program was implemented to teach EW to participants. Prior to and following the intervention participants' EW was evaluated with regard to paragraph length, structure and coherence. Results showed that the use of both strategies had a positive effect on students' EW. Additionally, students retained their intervention gains after a follow up duration of eight weeks. Implications are discussed in relation to the context of teaching literacy skills to students with ID in Egypt.

The quality of the research can be measured by a set of standards and indicators that focus on the idea of research originality, the depth of discussion, the literature analysis techniques, and the quality of research instruments. This research aims to evaluate the quality of Arab journals of special education (AJSEs). Five AJSEs were evaluated, all specializing in special education in the Arab world. The AJSEs were issued in Egypt, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. A checklist of 20 indicators was developed and applied to these journals. Results revealed that 5 indicators were highly met, 11 indicators were moderately met, and 4 indicators were low met in AJSEs. The results also indicated a difference in the quality indicators achievability (QIA) according to the journal's name. The QIA in International Journal for Talent Development, and Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation was considerable. While, the QIA of the Saudi Journal of Special Education and Arab Journal of Disability and Talent Sciences was moderate, and it was low in Journal of Special Education.

We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of synchronous and asynchronous interaction modes when providing feedback for improving academic writing, achievement motivation and critical thinking. The participants undertook an academic writing task, and were given feedback by a mentor using one of three interaction modes: asynchronous, synchronous e-feedback, and face to face. Data was collected from the participants via an assessment rubric applied to their writing after each stage of interaction, along with pretest and posttest questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview at the end. We found that synchronous feedback is more effective in increasing the quality of academic writing and achievement motivation, but for critical thinking we did not find any significant difference. We suggest that a strategy combining the advantages of each mode of interaction, considering the writers' experience, may be the most effective way to promote academic writing, achievement motivation and critical thinking.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of Quizizz and Kahoot! applications on developing EFL vocabulary learning among freshmen students at Faculty of Education. The participants of the study consisted of 30 freshmen students enrolled in the English section at Faculty of Education, Benha University, Egypt. The study followed the one-group pre-posttest design. The instruments of the study included the Academic Word List (AWL) developed by Coxhead (2000), a list of confusing words, EFL vocabulary learning tests (pre. &post equivalent form). The EFL vocabulary learning pre-test was pre-administrated to the study participants. After implementing the intervention, the EFL vocabulary learning post-test was administrated to the study participants. The results revealed that the use of Quizizz and Kahoot! applications was effective in developing freshmen students' EFL vocabulary learning.

The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in schools' closing. Egyptian prospective teachers did not have enough time to continue the actual teaching practicum in schools as a prerequisite of their preparation program. The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of online transformational learning in developing EFL prospective teachers' pedagogical skills during COVID-19 Pandemic. Based on an interpretive paradigm, this mixed method study aimed at probing into the perceptions of Egyptian EFL prospective teachers of transforming actual teaching practicum into online one. Data collection was based on a sequential mixed methods approach; thus, in the first phase of the study, the researchers administered a pedagogical skills observation checklist and a teaching practicum course manual for EFL prospective teachers in the third year English section at the Faculty of Education of Menoufia University in Egypt (n=33). In Phase Two, 15 EFL prospective teachers completed a reflective journal. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of the current study indicated the effectiveness of the online transformational learning in enhancing EFL prospective teachers' pedagogical skills.

The study examined how teacher agency is manifested in Egyptian schools, how action research is perceived, and to what extent school contextual factors support or restrict teachers' agency to become action researchers. Interviews with 40 teachers from schools in northern and southern Egypt were conducted and analysed using the thematic analysis approach. Data were coded to build theoretical themes that describe Egyptian teachers' agency for action research. The study uses the ecological framework for teacher agency and the context of professional learning as conceptual tools to gain insight into teacher agency for action research. Results showed that teacher agency is defined in terms of teacher activeness rather than teacher critical discourse; teachers exercise agency as either internalizing or externalizing; teachers have a restricted agency for action research, action research is dependent on the teacher's identity commitment; teachers exercise adaptive agency in a dispirited school context; and, finally, that schools lack the collective agency for action research.

Background: Cognitive Enhancers (CE) are central nervous system stimulant substances known to improve cognitive functions. Due to high-perceived stress and academic pressure, CEs are becoming increasingly popular among medical students. As a result, they are more likely to misuse these substances. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CE consumption, compare the prevalence between countries and genders, and identify characteristics associated with CE consumption among students at medical schools in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Method: A population-based survey study was conducted among medical students from Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. An online self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to represent participant distribution across categories. Chi-square was used for categorical variables comparisons. All tests were two-tailed, considering p < 0.05 statistically significant. Demographic characteristics, reasons for use, types of CE used, and side effects were compared by country and gender. Results: A total sample of 1399 participated in the questionnaire, most of whom were females 824 (58.9%). Overall, 1236 (88.3%) were CE consumers, and 163 (11.7%) were non-consumers. Of the respondents who used CE, 814 (58.2%) reported using them daily. There was a statistically significant difference between the consumption of CE and the source of acquisition, nationality, and residence status regarding gender. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CE use is increasing among medical students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Efficient support, stress management programs, and awareness symposia may help reduce the misuse of these substances. Future longitudinal studies are still required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant threat to human health worldwide by increasing the harmful impact of traditional synthetic antibiotics. Traditional medicinal plants have bioactive metabolites that can significantly modulate the growth rate, cell survival, and pathogenicity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., known as Roselle or Karkade, belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is well-known for its edible aromatic red/purple calyces and is extensively utilized in the food industry and pharmacological applications. H. sabdariffa calyx bioactive phytocompounds have potent therapeutic activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Methods: This study utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine the volatile aromatic compounds that found in the hydroethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. The purpose was to verify the antibacterial properties of Roselle calyces against selective MDR clinical bacterial isolates, including A. baumanii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. Results: The GC-MS spectrum profile revealed the presence of twenty-seven volatile organic components, including organic fatty acid derivatives, ester compounds, sugar derivatives, and terpene components. The major GC-MS fractionations and the main active chemical compositions of the hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa flowers were (E)-10-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (59.23%), 8,11-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (11.51%), Butanedioic acid, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-, diethyl ester (6.22%), Diethyl succinate/Butanedioic acid, diethyl ester (2.35%), and Heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester/Methyl isostearate (2.31%). The hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa dried calyces demonstrated potent antibacterial properties (zones diameter of inhibition growth, MIC, MBC, and MBC/MIC) against selective MDR clinical bacterial isolates, such as A. baumanii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa, as determined by the phytochemical screening (TAC, TFC, and TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The surface morphological characteristics of the treated A. baumanii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa clinical isolates have been affected in comparison to the untreated forms by the hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa calyces, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In silico predictive investigation revealed that the volatile aromatic components of the hydroethanolic extract of Roselle calyces exhibited significant scoring functions, binding affinities, and non-covalent intermolecular interactions with the MenB lyase and DNA gyrase targets of E. coli. These interactions significantly enhanced the activities of the volatile aromatic components against the bacterial pathogenicity, cell survival, growth, and differentiation of selective MDR clinical bacterial isolates. Conclusions: According to the in vitro and in silico findings, the hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa calyces has shown potentials as an effective antioxidant and antibacterial treatment. It contains volatile aromatic compounds that can modulate selective MDR Gram-negative clinical bacterial isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure that must be accurately carried on to guard against complications. Presbyopia leads to difficulty in viewing close objects and may obstacle proper intubation even with the best hands. Purpose: This study supposed that the use of video-laryngoscope (VL) may provide better intubation conditions for presbyopic anesthetists and targets to evaluate the neonates and infants' intubation success rates (ISR) by anesthetists aged ≥ 45 years using the C-MAC VL compared to the standard laryngoscope (SL). Methods: Thirty-one neonates with an age of 18.2 ± 5.2 days and a body weight of 4.5 ± 0.3 kg and 103 infants aged 8.6 ± 1 months and weighing 9.4 ± 1.5 kg were randomly categorized into the SL group that received ETI using the SL and the VL group had intubated using the C-MAC® (Karl Storz, Germany) VL with the standard Miller blade and flexible Stylet (2 mm PORTEX® stylet; Smiths Medical International Ltd., UK) to strengthen the endotracheal tube (ETT) and adjust its curvature as C-shaped. The study outcomes included the frequency of successful intubation and the number of intubation attempts. Results: The ISR was significantly (P < 0.001) higher with significantly (P = 0.0037) lower frequency of using assistance maneuvers with VL. The mean score of the anesthetist's difficulty rating was significantly (P < 0.001) higher with SL (2.7 ± 2) than with VL (1.27 ± 1.27). Times for the full intubation process were significantly (P < 0.001) shorter with VL than SL. The 1st attempt success rate was significantly (P = 0.0195) higher with VL than SL (86.6% vs. 67.2%). The frequency of maneuver-related complications was insignificantly (P = 0.116) reduced with the use of VL (4.5%) than with SL (12%). The ISR showed a negative significant correlation (r=−0.973, P = 0.005) with the anesthetist's age. Conclusion: Neonatal and infantile intubation using VL is feasible and easy to handle by aged anesthetists and allows higher ISR and 1st attempt rate with minimal need for external assistant maneuvers and maneuver-related complications. VL might be more appropriate for the presbyopic pediatric anesthetists than the SL. Limitations: The limitations of the study are the small sample size of anesthetists and the use of one type of VLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently language learning is being facilitated by social networks and microblogging, which emerged as a quite new form of communication and content sharing through which users can publish online some small pieces of digital content. This relates to connectivism, a learning theory that views learning as the process of creating connections and expanding or increasing network complexity. While writing, EFL student teachers at Assiut University Faculty of Education always presented content that was full of redundancy and excessive elaboration. In addition, they demonstrated poor critical reading skills necessary for giving clear and comprehensive summaries of the linguistic content encountered online. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the effect of microblogging through Twitter on developing those student teachers' critical reading and summarization skills. To accomplish this aim, a review of literature was made supported with some open interviews with EFL specialists to come out with a list of those critical reading skills (3 main skills and 18 sub-skills) and another list of those summarization skills (4 main skills and 24 sub-skills) needed by EFL student teachers. Accordingly, a pre-test on those skills was administered to a group of 50 EFL student teachers (research participants). Then, a microblogging model based on Twitter was experimented with participants for 5 weeks. Finally, a post-test on critical reading and summarization skills was administered to participants, and the means of scores were compared. Results indicated statistically significant differences between the participants' means of scores in both the pre and post-administration of the two tests, and thus microblogging through Twitter was found to be effective in developing EFL student teachers' critical reading and summarization skills. Based on these results, many suggestions and recommendations were presented.

Objectives: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been reported to be more likely to experience lower levels of mental health as a result of the increased challenges associated with care provision and social inclusion of their children. Social inclusion in Arab countries differs in terms of quality and practices due to ecological and cultural variations. Based on an expected impact of culture and resilience, this study investigated the relationship between social inclusion practices and mothers' mental health in two Arabic-speaking countries. Methods: A total sample of 660 mothers of children with ASD from Oman and Egypt participated in the study and were administered measures of perceived social inclusion practices, mental health, and resilience. Results: Multi-group path analyses showed that culture and resilience have an impact on the association between social inclusion practices and mothers' mental health. Conclusions: Our findings have significant implications for social inclusion practices. They underscore the need to build mothers' resilience to improve their mental health. Additionally, social inclusion practices need to be prioritized by policy makers and professionals in Arab countries in order to develop a model of best practices of social inclusion across Arab countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In recent years, the mental health requirements of healthcare professionals have drawn attention as a significant public health issue and a danger to the provision of high-quality care. Healthcare workers are subjected to multiple stressors at work, which may negatively affect their physical, mental, and emotional health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and fatigue among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCWs) and to assess factors associated with depression and fatigue. Subject and methods: This cross-sectional survey used Google Form to build online questionnaires, including sociodemographic data, a 10-question fatigue assessment scale, and a depression assessment scale (PHQ-9 questionnaire). The study was conducted post-COVID-19 from November 28, 2022, to January 28, 2023. Results: The study involved 1511 Egyptian HCWs with a mean age of 37.4±7.7 years (range 26-71 years); 73% were female. Physicians constituted 77.8% of the participants. Mild depression was found in 26.1% of the participants, 26.8% reported moderate, and 43.1% had severe depressive symptoms. Fatigue symptoms were encountered in 88.7%. The independent factors affecting depression were female gender, single, living in a rural area, having a chronic disease, working > 8 h/day, being a public hospital worker, and studying for postgraduate degrees. Age of 35 years or younger, female gender, and studying for postgraduates were found to independently affect fatigue. Conclusion: Depression and fatigue are highly prevalent among Egyptian healthcare workers. Many factors related to the prevalence of depression and fatigue need to be considered to enhance the mental well-being of HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the detection of antigenically atypical very virulent Infectious bursal disease viruses (vvIBDV) in Egypt in 1999, the country has been experiencing recurrent outbreaks with high mortality rates and typical gross lesions associated with typical vvIBDV. However, a significant change occurred in 2023, marked by a notable increase in reported subclinical IBDV cases. To evaluate the field situation, samples from 21 farms in 2023 and 18 farms from 2021 and 2022, all of which had experienced IBD outbreaks based on clinical diagnosis, were collected, and subjected to VP2-HVR sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all samples collected in 2021 and 2022 clustered with classical virulent strains and vvIBDV. In 2023, one sample clustered with the Egyptian vvIBDV, another with classical virulent IBDV, and the rest with the novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) circulating in China. The alignment of deduced amino acid sequences for VP2 showed that all Egyptian classic virulent strains were identical to the Winterfield or Lukert strains, while vvIBDV strains exhibited two out of the three typical residues found in Egyptian vvIBDV, namely Y220F and G254S, but not A321T. Meanwhile, all Egyptian variant strains exhibited typical residues found in nVarIBDV. However, all Egyptian variants showed a mutation at position 321 (321V), which represents the most exposed part of the capsid and is known to have a massive impact on IBDV antigenicity, except for one sample that had 318G instead. This report highlights the emergence of a new variant IBDV in Egypt, clustered with the Chinese new variants, spreading subclinically in broiler farms across a wide geographic area. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS New variant IBDV which emerged in Egypt clustered with Chinese nVarIBDV. nVarIBDV spread subclinically across a wide geographic area. Mutation at 321 represents capsid's most exposed part, a defining feature. Antigenically modified vvIBDV still circulating in Egypt with typical lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a potentially fatal condition that has toxic effects on the brain and may have negative effects. Humanized care is a comprehensive approach that focuses on the nutritional, therapeutic and hygienic needs of neonates, which helps in the resolution of hyperbilirubinemia. Method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study to evaluate the effect of humanized nursing care application on the clinical outcomes of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. It was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tanta Main University Hospital. A total of 120 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who fit the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to both the study and control groups. The data were collected using the biosocial-demographic characteristics of the studied neonates and neonatal clinical outcome measures for humanized care. Results: On the seventh day after receiving humanized care, total bilirubin levels in the study group decreased to 4.03 ± 1.48 compared to 10.21 ± 2.08 in the control group; there was also a decline in the time of jaundice regression with a mean of 3.966 ± 1.09 in the study group compared to 4.66 ± 1.29. in the control group. The mean days of phototherapy were 1.83 ± 0.73 in the study group and 2.41 ± 1.01 in the control group. Additionally, oxygen saturation increased significantly on the 7th day in the study group compared to the control group; the mean amount of daily milk intake was 752.8 ± 262.9 ml in the study group compared with 600.76 ± 290.31 ml in the control group. Conclusion: Applying humanized care improved neonatal clinical outcomes, including O2 saturation, jaundice regression, enhanced newborn feeding and decreased duration of phototherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well‐known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience and self‐esteem. What does the paper add to existing knowledge?: Our research is recognized as a trailblazer in integrating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual elements for treating patients with OUD in the Egyptian context. This innovative approach marks a significant advancement in the field.The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self‐esteem, and spirituality (p <.001 each) following the spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group. What are the implications for practice?: The findings can guide psychiatrists and nurses in providing more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD by incorporating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual components into treatment plans. Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well‐known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing these factors among clients with OUD. Methods: A quasi‐experimental study with a control group was conducted using a pretest‐posttest design. The study included 49 clients with OUD and 46 clients in the control group. The Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale–Modified Arabic Version, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were used as measurement tools. CBT was delivered in 60‐min group sessions. After 3 months, the questionnaires were re‐administered to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions. Results: The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality (p <.001 each) following a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group. Discussion: A spiritual adaptation of CBT effectively enhanced resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality in clients with OUD. Implications for Practice: Understanding the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing resilience, self‐esteem and spirituality can enable psychiatrists and nurses to provide more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: The Relevance to Mental Health Nursing: This research paper explores the intricate relationship between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, and psychosocial performance in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Understanding these dynamics can help mental health nurses identify and address each patient's needs more effectively. It can guide them in devising personalized care plans that not only manage the symptoms but also improve the underlying mechanism that exacerbates the psychotic symptoms and social functioning and the overall quality of life. Moreover, the findings of this research can contribute to developing training programs for mental health nurses, equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide optimal care. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?•This study provides empirical evidence of the significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions in individuals with schizophrenia.•It highlights the role of certain demographic factors, such as younger age and single marital status, in increasing the likelihood of elevated OCS.•It underscores the inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning.•It identifies age and metacognitive scores as crucial predictors of psychosocial functioning across various domains.What are the implications for practice?•The findings suggest that therapeutic nursing interventions for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia should address metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs to improve overall functioning and well‐being.•Clinicians, including psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses, should consider the patient's age, marital status, and metacognitive scores when assessing the risk of elevated OCS and devising treatment plans.•The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive psychiatric nursing assessment, including metacognitive dysfunction and OCS evaluation.What are the implications for future research?•Future research could explore the causal relationships between metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs, OCS, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia.•Longitudinal studies could provide insights into the progression of these relationships over time and the impact of therapeutic interventions.•Further research could also investigate the effectiveness of specific therapeutic strategies such as Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), Schema Therapy (ST), Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to address this population's metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs. Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder that significantly impacts an individual's cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Recent research has highlighted the role of metacognitive beliefs and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the psychosocial performance of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Understanding these relationships could provide valuable insights for developing more effective nursing interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, OCS and psychosocial performance among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Design: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted involving 174 purposively selected participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. Tools: The Meta‐Cognitions Questionnaire‐30, Young Adult Self‐Report Scale for OCS and Specific Level of Functioning Scale were used to gather the necessary data. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between OCS and metacognitive dimensions. Age was a significant predictor with an Oddis Ratio of 2.471. The metacognitive dysfunction was a highly significant predictor in univariate and multivariate analyses, with Oddis Ratios of 1.087 and 1.106, respectively. The study also discovered that higher levels of metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs were associated with lower levels of psychosocial functioning. Age and the metacognitive dysfunction score were significant predictors of psychosocial functioning scores, accounting for 26.8% of the variance in these scores. Conclusion: The study reveals a compelling inverse relationship between higher metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and lower levels of psychosocial functioning in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. It also identifies certain demographic factors, such as younger age, as significant contributors to elevated OCS. Importantly, metacognitive dysfunction emerged as a critical predictor of psychosocial functioning across various domains. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating metacognitive‐focused interventions in the treatment plans for schizophrenia patients. By addressing these cognitive patterns, healthcare professionals can enhance overall functioning and well‐being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The tourism and hospitality industry, well-known as a people-oriented industry, is not immune to the adverse outcomes of workplace bullying. This paper explores the darker side of the tourism and hospitality sector by investigating workplace bullying and its potential impact on shaping employee well-being. Specifically, the study explores how feedback avoidance can mediate the relationship between information flow and employee well-being and how psychological safety can moderate the relationship between information flow and employee well-being in bullying contexts. Methods: Using a quantitative-methods approach, the paper analyzed survey data from 341 employees at five-star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, with structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM program). Results: The findings indicated that the spread of information about workplace bullying promotes the feelings of stress among employees which negatively affects their wellbeing in the workplace. Additionally, feedback avoidance as a mediator was found to foster the harmful impacts of bullying. Conversely, psychological safety as a moderator functioned as a protective element, mitigating the negative influence of workplace bullying on employees' well-being. Conclusions: This paper enhanced our understanding of the dark side of the hospitality industry, specifically workplace bullying, by highlighting the key role of information dynamics about bullying in the workplace and the role of psychological safety in shaping overall employee well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: University students encounter a variety of challenges and stressors that have an impact on various aspects of their lives, including their personal well-being, resilience, socialization, and character development. The identification of students' personality traits and their correlation with future anxiety is crucial in determining the degree to which they possess the capacity to adjust and confront challenges. Methods: This cross-sectional, correlational study involved 654 students from the Faculty of Nursing at Mansoura University. Data were collected by a sociodemographic questionnaire, a Big Five Inventory questionnaire, and Zung's self-rating anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests with the IBM SPSS software package, version 20.0. Results: The personality trait of openness was the most frequently observed among the participants, with a mean of 33.15 ± 7.22. A significant proportion of students76.0%, demonstrated an absence of feeling anxiety. A statistically significant relationship (P < 0.001) was detected between the personality traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism and levels of anxiety. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between anxiety and the traits of openness and extraversion. Conclusions: This study contributes to understanding the correlation between undergraduate nursing students' academic achievement, personality traits, and anxiety levels. Thus, students must understand their personalities and highlight the importance of their psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (ABCDE) approach is crucial in emergency care, but there may be variability in adherence among healthcare professionals. Inconsistent application of this approach may lead to variations in patient care quality and outcomes. Identifying the factors influencing adherence can help improve training to ensure more effective application across emergency settings. This study explores the theoretical knowledge of the ABCDE approach among Egyptian resident doctors and medical interns. Methods: An online survey was conducted in Egypt targeting resident doctors and medical interns. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26 and Excel, descriptive statistics and association tests were used to measure the relationship between knowledge and demographic factors. Results: The study included 422 medical residents and interns, with most in university hospitals. The average knowledge score of 59.1% exposed specific gaps in understanding, emphasizing deficiencies in 12 questions answered by less than 50%. Notably, 49.5% acquired ABCDE knowledge from medical school, while 28.2% had ALS/BLS courses. Encouragingly, 91.2% expressed willingness for life support training. Statistical analyses unveiled significant associations between knowledge scores and both medical practice settings and sources of ABCDE knowledge. Surgeons exhibited the lowest knowledge scores among participants, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions across specialties. Conclusion: This study addresses a critical gap in ABCDE approach knowledge among Egyptian resident doctors and medical interns. The study points to the need for focused education, especially for surgeons, to improve emergency care skills and patient outcomes through continued training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pompe disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. This condition leads to muscle weakness, respiratory problems, and heart abnormalities in affected individuals. Methods: The aim of the study is to share our experience through cross sectional study of patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) with different genetic variations, resulting in diverse clinical presentations. We evaluated their phenotype, genotype, radiological and laboratory findings including their cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM) status. Infantile Pompe disease was diagnosed by measurement of the activity of the enzyme alpha-glucosidase. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic testing using PCR amplification and sequencing of the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene. Routine two-D echocardiography, and multi-parametric ECG-gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were done to patients six months after starting enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Results: The results of our study revealed different genetic mutations among our patients, different CRIM status and also CMR abnormalities. CMR imaging revealed abnormalities in all cases that underwent the procedure, including myocardial and vascular changes, with feature tracking indicating issues across all parameters and LGE suggesting fibrosis. The patient with a positive immune response had the most severe cardiac abnormalities, despite improvements in muscle weakness and motor skills from ERT. This underscores that delayed diagnosis and ERT can lead to irreversible heart damage from autophagy buildup. Conclusion: Pompe disease has various clinical presentations and results in significant CMR findings, which can be attributed to different genetic mutations. Early initiation of enzyme replacement therapy in infantile-onset Pompe disease is important to maximize its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Climate change is a global challenge, caused by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dental clinical practice contributes to these emissions through patient and staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption and procurement. Carbon footprinting quantifies GHG emissions. This study assessed the Carbon Footprint (CFP) of private dental clinics in Egypt. Materials and methods: Data were collected from private dental clinics in Alexandria and Elbeheira, in Northwestern Egypt from July to August 2024 through interview questionnaires. A CFP calculator was used to estimate carbon emissions from patient and staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption, and procurement. To determine the average CFP per clinic and per patient visit, the CFP of all clinics was averaged, both with and without considering the depreciation of dental equipment. Results: Data from 27 dental clinics were collected. The average CFP of an Egyptian private dental clinic, which, per year, received 3,322 patient visits, and where 5 personnel worked 279 days was 14,426.8 kg CO2e, or 4.3 kg CO2e per patient visit. The largest contributor to the CFP was patient travel (45.6%), followed by staff travel (19.6%), energy consumption (18%), procurement (12.4%), waste (4.2%), and water consumption (0.3%). After considering the yearly depreciation of dental equipment, the CFP per clinic in a year increased by 12.2%. Conclusion: Private dental clinics in Egypt produce substantial carbon emissions. Patient travel was the major contributor to the CFP. While there was a high CFP of electricity consumption, the CFP of gas was zero. The high CFP of waste was likely due to improper segregation and the lack of recycling. Country-specific CFP calculators are needed to accurately measure the carbon emissions of dental clinics in various settings. Preventing oral diseases, raising public awareness to sustainable practices, promoting walking and cycling, improving public transportation, implementing waste recycling, shifting to renewable sources of energy, and local manufacturing of dental products are important to reduce carbon emissions in dental clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is an emerging disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is a globally serious disease and is considered endemic in Egypt, affecting all age groups and being common in low-standard and overcrowded areas. Early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for suspected bacterial meningitis, even before the causative pathogen is identified. This is because definitive laboratory confirmation can take several days and may not always be successful. Those who do recover, especially if there was delayed appropriate intervention, can have permanent disabilities, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. Rapid intervention in such cases is mandatory, which is not easy in countries with limited income due to weak capabilities and resources. Therefore, we are in dire need of making an Egyptian consensus that suits our country as a low-resource one, in order to facilitate and speed up the process of managing such cases. This consensus-based paper is under the supervision of the Egyptian Society of Fever comprising clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health representatives. They convened to assess the current situation and develop a new consensus on the management of ABM, taking into consideration the human and health potential of Egypt. All the experts who participated in writing and directing this conference belong to different Egyptian universities, and their main clinical interest was infectious diseases. Others work in fever hospitals that are affiliated with the Ministry of Health. They collaborated on the statements' writing, reviewing, and voting to reach the final version. Each statement was voted as strongly, moderately, or weekly recommended. Each statement should have a predefined score of 80% agreement to be accepted and reported in this consensus. Conclusion This Egyptian consensus model offers a feasible and context-specific approach to managing ABM, aiming to improve outcomes and reduce disparities in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has made use of the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index to explore the association between shiftwork (SW) and insulin resistance (IR). However, the limitations of the HOMA-IR index restrict its use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SW and IR in professional drivers using four alternative non-insulin-based IR surrogate measures (NIRS), and to determine the predictors of elevated NIRS. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on professional drivers at four Egyptian companies, where 187 SW were compared to 193 dayworkers (DW). Measurements included: sociodemographic, work, and clinical characteristics. Laboratory and NIRS data included: triglyceride glucose (TyG), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), and metabolic score of insulin resistance (METS-IR). Further assessments included insomnia severity index (ISI), and perceived stress scale (PSS-10). Results: Shiftwork-drivers showed significantly higher levels of NIRS compared to DW-drivers. Shiftwork was significantly associated with elevated TyG (OR: 5.04, 95% CI: 1.98–12.84), TyG-BMI (OR: 4.50, 95% CI: 2.45–8.26), and METS-IR (OR: 6.30, 95% CI: 2.72–14.58). Significant interactions between SW and insomnia or meal-timing habits existed, where SW-drivers with clinically significant insomnia had 11 times higher odds of elevated TyG compared to DW drivers without insomnia. Likewise, SW-drivers experiencing poor meal timing habits had 5.5- and 6.8-times higher odds of elevated TG/HDL-C and METS-IR, respectively, compared to DW divers without poor meal timing habits. Other significant predictors for elevated NIRS included: age, income, stress, overweight/obesity, and poor meal timing habits. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant association between shiftwork and elevated insulin resistance in professional drivers. Insomnia and poor meal timing habits significantly increases the odds of insulin resistance among professional drivers, suggesting interventions targeting sleep quality, meal timing, and stress management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite advancements in therapies, the severity of depressive symptoms continues to challenge psychiatric nurses. However, research has indicated that a higher sense of coherence (SOC) can act as a protective factor against the development of diseases and promote faster recovery. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether SOC could serve as an indicator of depressive symptom severity among clients with depression. Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design and followed the STROBE checklist for reporting observational studies. Methods: A convenient sample of 169 clients with depression participated in the study. The researchers utilized the Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Scale-29 and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to assess SOC and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: The study findings indicated that a substantial proportion of the participants (35.5%) had low Sense of Coherence (SOC) levels, associated with higher depressive symptoms. The severity of depression showed a significant negative correlation with difficulties in understanding and finding meaning in life and challenges in effectively coping with life's demands (r = -0.626, p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that for every one-unit increase in SOC, there was a corresponding decrease of 0.5 units in depressive symptoms. The SOC variable accounted for 39.1% of the variance in depressive symptoms severity. Conclusion: Psychiatric nurses should consider implementing interventions to enhance SOC, such as Life Skills Training (LST), psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness practices, particularly for depressive disorder clients with a poor sense of coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging in developing nations presents complex demographic challenges that conventional forecasting approaches often struggle to address effectively, particularly when confronted with endogenous volatility in demographic structures and limited data availability. This study introduces an enhanced hybrid grey forecasting framework to predict population aging patterns in Egypt, incorporating advanced grey models to improve prediction accuracy and capture regional demographic variations. Using comprehensive demographic data from 2011-2023, we evaluate multiple grey forecasting models to identify optimal prediction methodologies for different population segments. Our findings reveal that the Grey Optimization Model with Interval Analysis (GOM_IA (1,1)) demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error for urban populations, rural and aged populations during the testing period. While, Unbiased GOM (1,1) model give the best performance for the total population prediction over the other grey models. The model projects significant regional variations in aging patterns, with urban areas experiencing accelerated aging rates compared to rural regions. This study makes several key contributions by it establishing a robust methodological framework for demographic forecasting in developing nations with limited data availability. As well as providing quantitative evidence of regional disparities in aging patterns across Egypt. Finally, offering a data-driven insights for policy formulation in healthcare infrastructure development and social service delivery. The findings have significant implications for resource allocation and policy planning in Egypt and other developing nations experiencing similar demographic transitions. Furthermore, our research demonstrated the effectiveness of grey forecasting models in capturing complex demographic patterns and supports evidence-based decision-making in addressing the challenges of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research paper investigates love-hate relationship in regard to the concept of good and evil, i.e., the antithesis between love of good and hatred of evil in ancient Egypt. The objective is to uncover the rationale and functional relationship behind this antithetical relation. By examining the nuances, contextual variations, and semantic valences, the researcher investigates this antithesis relationship in textual sources. The convergence of loving good, symbolising acceptance, and hating evil, symbolising rejection, holds political necessity, imposes a social imperative, moral urgency, and religious significance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt is the eighth-leading country in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). It was estimated that more than ten million adults would suffer from DM in Egypt in 2022. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of DM, which can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There is limited information on the efficacy of pioglitazone and/or rosuvastatin in diabetic kidney diseases (DKD). In this study, 40 male rats were divided into two groups: the control group (8 rats) and the diabetic group (32 rats), in which rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then injected intraperitoneally (IP) with streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic group was then subdivided into four equal groups as follows: Group 1: diabetic non-treated; Group 2: diabetic + treated with pioglitazone orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks; Group 3: diabetic + treated with rosuvastatin orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks; and Group 4: diabetic + treated with pioglitazone and pioglitazone orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for each of them once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment (8 weeks), blood samples were taken to study their effects on the diabetic kidney by evaluating kidney function tests. The left kidney was taken to detect the gene expression of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin (IL-1ß), as well as CYP 2E1, and the right kidney was taken to detect histopathological changes in renal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]