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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest malignancy in Egypt secondary to endemic hepatitis virus. Dual malignancy with HCC is infrequently reported. We herein retrospectively collected data of HCC patients with another primary tumor from a tertiary cancer center. Fifteen patients were enrolled in this case series, epidemiologic data, type of second malignancy, time interval between both tumors, treatment applied, and pattern of recurrence and survival are displayed. Third of the tumors were synchronous, while in the rest HCC was mostly the second malignancy. Breast cancer was the commonest encountered other primary. None of the second malignancies recurred after treatment except for prostate cancer which was not treated radically. The median overall survival of the patients was shorter than previously published series about 29 months. In conclusion, dual malignancy with HCC had more complicated treatment panels; however, they are not necessarily carrying a worse prognosis. HCC tumor outcome remains the main predictor of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of farm raw milk and ultra-heat treated (UHT) sterile market milk collected from different sources at Mansoura Province in Egypt using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC- MS) during different seasons from August 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that the total amount of Σ18 PAHs levels was within the range of 11.778 -- 26.331 µg/kg in farm milk samples and 1.151 -- 2.946 µg/g in market UHT sterile milk. The results proved that the highest mean level of Σ PAHs in farm milk samples was 17.931 µg/kg followed by that of market sterile milk samples 2.123 µg/kg. European Commission (EC) has established safe level in milk for regulations require the concentrations of Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) and the total Σ PAH4 to be less than 1.0 μg/kg. Mean concentration of BaP residues that was detected in farm milk samples was 0.251µg/kg with a range of 0.000 -- 1.124 µg/kg and was not-detected in all market milk samples. Mean concentrations of Σ PAH4 levels were 0.561 µg/kg within the range of 0.046 -- 2.433 µg/kg in farm milk and 0.047 µg/kg within the range of 0.012 -- 0.110 µg/kg in market milk samples. These results were slightly higher than the critical limit set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The assessed dietary exposure was established by comparing the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) with Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). By comparing the obtained results, we found that for the BaP, the EDI for farm raw milk can be exceeded the maximum levels set in Regulation 1881/2006 (EFSA) for PAHs in milk, but UHT market sterile milk not exceeded the maximum levels. Therefore, there should be concerns regarding the effects of the consumption of different kinds of raw milk on the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abu Rusheid area is a part of the Arabo-Nubian basement exposures and is located in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt, 95 km southwest of Marsa Alam City on the Red Sea coast. The Precambrian basement rocks include (a) ophiolitic metagabbros, (b) ophiolitic mélange, (c) mylonitic rocks, and (d) granites which were later intruded by lamprophyre dikes, pegmatite, and quartz veins. Geochemical studies revealed that both the mica schist and mylonite are mainly arkoses to greywacke in composition and confined to the passive margin tectonic setting. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns illustrate enrichment in HREEs in mica schist relative to LREEs, and there is a balance between them in mylonite. The minerals that have been identified in both mica schist and mylonite are soddyite, uranophane, kasolite, metazeunerite, thorite, uranothorite, and zinnwaldite. These mineralizations are related to shear zones and mainly coincide with the Najd fault (left lateral strike-slip) shear system. Field spectrometric measurements revealed that the average eU is 219 ppm and eTh is 451 ppm along trenches, whereas along channel samples the average eU is 64 ppm and eTh is 271 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) is a minimally invasive technique that gives superior surgical outcomes than open inguinal lymphadenectomy (IL) for treating lymph node metastasis in penile, vulvar, and skin cancers. This study compared surgical outcomes obtained with two different approaches of VEIL, standard VEIL and lateral VEIL (L-VEIL), in cancer patients. Methods: Sixty-two patients who underwent standard VEIL (n = 15) or L-VEIL (n = 47) for treatment of lymph node metastasis were evaluated retrospectively from three centers in Brazil, Egypt, and India. Primary endpoint analyzed was conversion rate to open IL in the two groups, and the secondary endpoints included operative time, estimated blood loss, nodal yield, nodal positivity, postoperative drain duration, and postoperative complications. Results: The conversion rate to open IL was higher in L-VEIL compared with VEIL group (2% vs. 0%). Significantly lesser blood loss was reported with L-VEIL compared with VEIL (mean difference: 3.63 mL; P = .01). Postoperative drain duration was significantly lower with L-VEIL (-4.34 days; P < .05) than VEIL. The L-VEIL group had a higher number of lymph nodes without infiltration (mean difference: -0.48; P = .02). Operative time, nodal yield, nodal positivity, and hospitalization duration were similar in both groups. Postoperative complications were higher in the L-VEIL versus VEIL group (35 vs. 11 cases). Lymphedema events were significantly higher with L-VEIL in comparison with VEIL (38.8% vs. 16.7%; P = .03). Among patients with penile cancer, no significant difference was observed in outcomes obtained with VEIL and L-VEIL. Conclusion: As L-VEIL and VEIL approaches lead to comparable surgical outcomes, surgeons may choose either of these as per their convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt has been strickenby several extreme weather events during the last decades. The most famous heat wave was during winter season of 2010 and summer season of 2015. Global climate change will cause serious impacts on agriculture in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate heat wave events during the period from 1980up to 2015 in 3 governorates in Egypt. Major agricultural climatic regions were represented in this study; Behira governorate represents North Delta, Giza governorate represents Middle Egypt and Qena represents Upper Egypt. Monthly maximum and minimum air temperature were recorded in all governorates during the study period. The highest monthly maximum air temperature was recorded in summer season was in August 2015 followed by August 2012. Qena Governorate had the highest maximum air temperature followed by Giza Governorate while the lowest maximum air temperature was recorded in El-Behira Governorate. The daily maximum air temperature of the highest months was investigated to determine severe period of heat waves during these months. On the other hand, the highest extreme heat waves were recorded in winter season of 2010. In addition, monthly mean relative humidity percentage was collected for the same concerned governorates. The productivity of two of the major cereal crops in Egypt, during the heat waves events, were estimated during winter as well as summer seasons. The highest reduction of productivity for wheat and maize was recorded in Upper Egypt followed by Middle Egypt; while the lowest reduction was recorded in North Delta for wheat (winter season) and maize (summer season). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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