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Abstract: Fractures appear predominantly in brittle rocks; hence in consolidated formations they are usually sub-vertical and perpendicular to the plane of group of more or less parallel fractures. Vertical fractures refer to the high-angle events (parallel to the borehole) while the horizontal ones indicate the truly horizontal or sub-horizontal events. The unfractured parts of the block matrix in hard rocks are slightly affected by invasion. Added, fracture aperture was estimated using the Dual Laterolog (DLL), which includes the deep (LLD) and the shallow (LLS) resistivities. The area of study is Rudeis-Sidri area, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Nine Wells were selected for applying the present technique to determine the reservoir performance of Nubia Sandstone Formation in the considered area. The technique depends on the separation between deep and shallow laterolog in case of vertical fracture and the sharp reduction of LLS log in case of horizontal fractures. In high-contrast formation the calculation of fracture aperture can be done if mud conductivity is also known. Also the dipping of the detected fracture is calculated to ensure the type of fracture. The obtained results show that the detected fractures are generally short vertical fractures with a few numbers in the Nubia Sandstone Formation which cannot be the main factor in production (if present) of this formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The organic-rich rocks of the Duwi Formation have gained much attention in recent years because of the growing demand for their utilization as energy and metal sources. A depositional model for these important rocks is delineated in the present study based on multiple analytical approaches. Samples from these organic-rich rocks were collected from eight mines in the Qusseir-Safaga region along the Red Sea coast in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. These mines are located at El Nakheil, Younis, El Beida, Atshan, Hamadat, Tundub Bahri, Tundub Qubli, and Zog EL Bahr. The depositional model is based firstly on organic geochemical and petrographical analyses of the organic matter to identify its enrichment, composition, hydrocarbon potential, types and origin, and their relationship to rock minerals. Secondly, the inorganic geochemical analysis, including mineralogy and trace elements, is integrated to explore the lithological characteristics and to confirm the results obtained from other analyses. Only the El Nakheil, Atshan, Tundub Bahri, and Tundub Qubli mines are found to have total organic carbon content above 10 wt%. These mines contain hydrogen-rich organic matter that reached a maximum in the El Nakheil Mine as reflected in the Rock-Eval parameters of S 2 (137.95 mg HC/g rock) and hydrogen index (HI of 707 mg HC/g TOC). The organic matter is composed mainly of large sheet-like alginite particles and prasinophytes that are finely laminated with minerals, planktonic debris of fish bones, and foraminifera without any sign of the presence of benthic organisms or bioturbation. This lamination is attributed to the occurrence of condensed sections in the studied mines. In addition, the high organic enrichment in terms of quantity and quality is accompanied by enriched metal composition including trace elements that signify anoxic conditions and low sedimentation rates. This composition points to the occurrence of prominent anoxic conditions that are stabilized by a slow sea level rise, which inhibits water circulation and water column stagnation in a restricted basin. The depositional model emphasizes the optimal balance between anoxia, sedimentation rate, and paleoproductivity that resulted in enhanced organic matter preservation in a condensed section. The deposition of the organic-rich rocks is situated in the deep parts of the basin or depocenters that reached their present-day distribution by topographic inversion. The organic and metalliferous reserves in these organic-rich sediments are calculated in the studied mines. The estimation of these reserves is found to be economic for many trace metals in an ore reserve that reached 151742 tons in one bed alone within the Duwi Formation. • The Duwi Formation in the Eastern Desert is economically evaluated by different methods. • The evaluation is based on petrographic and inorganic/organic geochemical analyses. • Variable enrichments with organic matter and trace elements are detected. • High economic enrichments deposited in anoxic environment under low sedimentation rate. • The economic ores are found in EL Nakheil, El Beida, Atshan, Hammadat and Tundub area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is a recognized risk factor for developing cataract, glaucoma and lens dislocation. PXF is also associated with increased risk of complications during cataract surgery due to poor mydriasis and zonular weakness. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among Upper Egyptians attending the ophthalmology clinic of Assiut University Hospital., Methodology: A retrospective, chart review study conducted in the period from February 2002 to August 2009. A total of 7738 patients aged 40 years or older attending the general ophthalmic clinics were included in this study. A detailed evaluation including ophthalmic and general history, slit lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy and dilated eye examination were performed. Patients with pseudoexfoliative material on the anterior lens surface and ⁄ or the pupillary margin in either or both eyes were labeled as having PXF., Results: Out of the 7738 patients included, three hundred twenty (4.14%) subjects had PXF. Mean age of PXF group was 68.15 years (SD 8.16, range 40-92 years). PXF was bilateral in 82.2% of cases. It was significantly associated with cataract, glaucoma and hearing loss. Of the PXF patients, 65% had cataract, 30.3% had glaucoma and 8.1% had hearing loss., Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation appears to be a common disorder in older individuals in Upper Egypt.

This report describes ocular injuries caused by syringes in children. The records of 12 children injured with syringes were reviewed. There were seven cases of endophthalmitis, two cases of panophthalmitis, one case of retinal detachment, one case of endophthalmitis with retinal detachment, and one case of traumatic cataract. All patients received treatment within 24 hours of presentation. Patients presented an average of 8.4 days after injury. Final visual acuity ranged from no light perception to counting fingers at 90 cm in eight patients and could not be assessed in four patients. Improperly disposed syringes may pose a significant risk for ocular injury and visual loss in children, especially when presentation is delayed., (Copyright (c) 2010, SLACK Incorporated.)