The Brazilian Pantanal wetland is the largest floodplain in the world, mainly influenced by water regime between periods of floods and droughts and presents a mosaic of different vegetation types, distributed in 11 sub-regions. The sub-region of Aquidauana Pantanal wetland stands out for the development of extensive cattle ranching, which over the years has promoted changes mainly in the substitution of natural plant formations for the introduction of exotic grasses causing rapid changes and transformations in the landscape. The objective of this study is to map the land use patterns and the different plant formations that make up the vegetation cover of the Pantanal of Aquidauana between 1984, 1993, 2000 and 2015. The methodology used were the Object-Based Image Analysis classification (OBIA - Object-Based Image Analysis). The results of mapping in land use and vegetation cover culminated in four maps with eleven thematic classes that are: 1) Forest Savanna, 2) Savanna Arborea, 3) Grassy-Woody Savanna, 4) Disjunction Cerrado, 5) Ecotone, 6) Formation Pioneer, 7) Riparian Vegetation, 8) Grass Plant, 9) Baía, 10) Vazantes and 11) Bare Soil. Detected significant changes in the landscape of Pantanal de Aquidauana between the years 1984 and 2015, highlight increase in the areas of grass plant currently occupying 40,17% in the region consequently there was a decrease in the areas of native vegetation as forest savanna (6,22%), Savanna Arborea (22,96%), grassy-woody savanna (12,68%); floristic contact áreas: disjunction cerrado (0,33%), ecotone (6,31%); formation pioneer (5,25%) and riparian vegetation (4, 06%). Also reduction in the areas of baía (0,58%), vazantes (0,75%) and bare soil (0,68%). The validation of mappings allowed classify as excelent according to statistical parameters (Kappa Index and Overall Accuracy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]