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To understand why young women engage in the (sub)culture of badness whilst 'on road', as opposed to more conventional employment pathways, it's imperative to consider their access (or lack of) to legitimate opportunities. Living in deprived urban areas creates a set of conditions which can impact on life chances, thus demonstrating the continued importance of intersecting factors class, gender, race and place in their lives as they navigate precarious transitions against a backdrop of neo-liberalism and racial disadvantage. The Teesside transitions literature, based on white young people from a deindustrialised area of the north-east of England, is considered in terms of its usefulness of thinking about young women 'on road' in London, given that the interest in capturing and analysing their experiences has been notably absent in the British criminological literature. Consequentlyvery little is known about those who are entrenched in road culture as the majority of what we know around crime and violence is focused on the experiences of young men, so experiences of young women of colour are even more limited. This paper has begun to make some headway in terms of addressing these gaps so they are more visible in marginalised urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second chapter, the field of literary translation in Russia is presented in detail, with its political, social, and cultural aspects, while the third part presents British children's literature in Russia. Translating England into Russian: The Politics of Children's Literature in the Soviet Union and Modern Russia. Elena Goodwin investigates these and other Russian images of Englishness on the basis of Russian translations of British children's classics. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores English national identities in the early twentieth century through the regional case study of Shropshire. Building on existing research on English regions, this article addresses the scarcity of border case studies. I argue that Shropshire was perceived as a border region that, at the same time as being incorporated into the model of the South Country, was also powerfully shaped by its proximity to Wales. Shropshire was valued as an escape from commercial modernity through its countryside landscapes, as a gateway to the past through its buildings, place-names, and folk customs, as a borderland of medieval conflict with Wales, and as a mysterious region of superstitions and the supernatural. This article suggests that the motifs and themes which worked through the images of 'Shropshire' and 'England' supported an imagination of diversity, multiplicity and contradiction—not solely one of national unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal metamorphosis was a traditional component of witchcraft beliefs during the European early modern witch-hunts, during which it was taken for granted that witches could and did turn into animals regularly in order to easier do evil. It must be noted, however, that the witch-turned-animal motif was much less common in England, where witches did possess the shape-shifting abilities but relatively rarely used them. A likely reason for the difference, explored in the present paper, was the specifically English belief that most witches were accompanied and served by familiar spirits, petty demons that customarily assumed the shape of animals. It seems that the ubiquity of such demonic shape-shifters effectively satisfied the demand for magical transformations in the English witchcraft lore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2012, Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond announced a radical measure that would see every Scottish school student study a Scottish text from a prescribed list. In 2010, Michael Gove announced that ‘Our literature is the best in the world’ and that every pupil should study particular authors. The ‘cultural heritage’ model of English is increasingly dismissed by teachers and students However, it is this ‘cultural heritage’ model which is preserved in the discourse of politicians. This paper explores the role that literary heritage texts play in the discourse of education policy in the context of devolution in twenty-first century Britain and considers the drivers and differences which can be seen in England and Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Marie Corelli's The Sorrows of Satan (1895) presents a paradoxical test case for the practice of academic literary criticism. The best-selling work of fiction of the nineteenth century, the book was demeaned by Victorian critics and has been long ignored by criticism since. In spite of Corelli's recent mini-revival, the formally self-conscious properties of this work deserve further examination: the text insistently foregrounds the act of literary criticism and demands that the reader's attention is focussed on not only the content of the narrative but also the nature of the procedure of reading. Such a strategy allows Corelli's romance to participate safely in the kinds of literary transgressions enacted in the work of her since-canonized contemporaries such as Thomas Hardy and Oscar Wilde. The narrative mode warns against the production of the wrong kinds of readings of the narrative, inoculating its consumer against the corruption suffered by many of Sorrows's characters – and by the readers of the kinds of contemporary fiction Corelli seeks to warn against. As a consequence, The Sorrows of Satan, while exiled from the canon, shows itself to be surprisingly representative of the image of fin-de-siècle literary culture constructed by its afterlife. Like so many 1890s fictions, it is a work of art about the work of art, and dramatizes such by now familiar late-Victorian tropes as: decadence, moral relativism, debates over literary taste, realism, post-Ibsen drama, the sexual double standard, the marriage market, the New Woman, motherhood, hysteria and female pathologies, degeneration anxiety, mesmerism. The Sorrows of Satan's status as forgotten best-seller, a 'great bad book', asks difficult questions about the relationship between literary criticism and literary pleasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the contribution of elegy and ode to the development of formal and thematic resources to new sonnet writers in England. It explores the association of genres to the emergence of a vernacular canon which is a critical factor in the sonnet's late-century vogue. It provides an analysis on the works of Charles Emily, an exemplary mid-century poet, which explains the development of the British literature.

Clergymen's prescriptions that wives should confine themselves to the home were hardly pragmatic for most households. Popular literature reveals both an anxious misogyny and a grudging acceptance of the necessity of female forcefulness in the household and market place. Loud, abusive and profligate wives populate popular ballads and city comedies, but so too do careful, frugal housewives who, all too often, had to reform their immoderate husbands. Authors of ballads and city comedies sometimes celebrated sharp, aggressive market women, for the survival of the household often depended on the acuity and assertiveness of women in the marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author discusses the relevance of prophecy to life in London in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He argues that Thomas De Quincey foresaw a shift in the division of British culture, in which poetic imagination and redemptive spirituality shifted from the urban to the rural. The author also discusses the Romantic poetry of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in relation to the conceptual urban/rural split.

The dominant cultural image of veteran teachers is conveyed in the fictional life story of Mr Chipping of Brookfield School as conveyed in James Hilton's short novel Goodbye, Mr Chips. This reflects emerging ideals and practices of teacher professionalism in England from the 1920s onwards in terms of its emphasis on autonomy and individuality, and its characteristic of a conservative tendency in English institutions of male middle class secondary education to celebrate the continuity and renewal of established traditions. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries the elite male Mr Chips stereotype has retained a significant influence, representing a moral universe that is increasingly anachronistic yet with a continuing role of harking back to lost values and standing firm against contemporary educational and social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This essay examines the codification of ideal male friendships as it appears in the play "Damon and Pithias" by Richards Edwards. The classical ideals of male friendship appeared in secular English literature as a form of sworn brotherhood. The play was performed in 1564 before the Queen at Whitehall in London, England.

Examines the Percey version of the poem "Sir Patrick Spence" in England. Interpretation on the role of the king in the poem; Description of the lords in the literature; Arguments on the heroic deeds of the main character.

Focuses on several aspects on the history of reading in Elizabethan England. Schema theory; Distinction of conventions; Reading strategies that readers may adopt.

Comments on an article which focused on the formation of canon in 18th English literature. Interpretation to a claim on canon-making from a modern perspective; Perspective on the origin of canon-making; Recommendations.

The article focuses on the study made by the British literature in the libraries of British Museum and the University of London in England which deals with the nature, origin and development of waterlogged and peat lands. It states that It appears that most of the basic facts and theories concerning such habitats were established long before the development of ecology as a separate discipline by professional scientists in the nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the different types of waterlogged habitats such as marsh, fen, moss, carr and mire belong to the Old English period and were very ancient in origin.

Discusses English literature before the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Consciousness of the imaginative writers regarding social condition in England; Works of purely literary violence; Fear of a future war and possible invasion of England by many writers.

In this article, author used understandings of physical pain symptoms for personal psychological suffering. Topics discussed include information on the development of neurobiological mechanisms which helps in the diagnosis and treatment of radiating pain symptoms that are present in most cases of cervical and lumbar radiculopathies; discussions on the effects of nerve inflammation, called neuritis; and the presence of inflammation and constituent inflammatory mediators leads to tonic discharge.

The author relates what he learned from a six-week summer seminar entitled "Chaucer's Canterbury Comedies" held in Canterbury, England by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The author says that the seminar made British literature more alive for him and helped him discover how to make literature come alive for his students. The seminar, led by Pete Beidler, was designed for secondary language arts teachers to receive information about and engage in scholarly discussions of "The Canterbury Tales." The teachers learned how to read and pronounce Middle English and read Chaucer's probable sources and criticisms of the tales.

Explores canonicity as a modern concept in 18th century English literature. Factors that support canonicity as a modern concept; Description of canonicity; Conclusion.