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Information about the workshop for chemiluminescence demonstration which observes the chemical reaction and factors that affects rate and supplies problem-solving challenge. Several demonstrations include the chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and luminol in alkaline conditions, the synthesis of ester, and introduced ideas of chemical kinetics through the ideal light stick mixture. The workshop featured chemistry students from the University of Oxford in England called the Alchemists.

The article focuses on the launching of the Society for Pure English (SPE) by Robert Bridges at Christ Church College in Oxford, England. Its goal was to identify the best speech which shall not be an exclusive local product but recognised as best English in America and the colonies. The idea for the SPE and the tracts coincided with Bridges' treatise on the condition of the English language, including the study of homophones.

Objectives To determine the level of demand from general dental practitioners (GDPs) for specialist restorative dental services in the Yorkshire region. To investigate barriers and promoters to referral and GDPs' perceptions of restorative mono-specialists.Methods A postal questionnaire was sent to 301 randomly selected GDPs (stratified for location) registered in the six Family Health Service Units in Yorkshire. Questionnaires were piloted prior to release; reminders were sent to non-respondents.Results A response rate of 72% (n=217) was achieved, of these 195 questionnaires were useable (65% useable response rate). Results showed a large demand for restorative specialist services. Main promoters for National Health Service (NHS) referral were dentolegal issues (77% GDPs ranked this as a top three promoter) and for private referral increasing patient expectations (78%). The top barriers against referral were length of waiting lists for NHS patients (79% GDPs ranked this as a top three barrier) and high cost of treatment for private patients (88%). Excessive distance to specialist centre was the greatest barrier common to both NHS and private referrals. Fifty-eight per cent of GDPs would prefer to refer private patients to mono-specialists, compared with 5% who would prefer restorative specialists.Conclusions There is a strong demand for specialist restorative services which may increase in the future. Results indicate a high regard for mono-specialists. Overall demand is for a prompt, locally based, low cost referral service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial C4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus has been recommended as a suitable biofuel crop for cultivation in England and Wales, and is eligible for planting grants from the UK government. Field trials have shown that the potential productivity of M. x giganteus is good, with sites that are suited to M. x giganteus cropping capable of dry matter yields in excess of 20 t ha−1 yr−1. The paper reports information on the long-term yield of M. x giganteus growing at seven sites in England. Significant seasonal differences in yield are seen at most sites and in many instances these are attributable to moisture stress.A simple predictive model of M. x giganteus above ground dry matter yield, both with and without constraints on water availability is developed supported by yield assessment and crop physiological data from the field sites. The model is applied to the seven field sites, in order to explore its predictive capability and limitations. In addition, to explore the temporal and spatial variability of M. x giganteus yield, the model is applied in a GIS framework, using a number of national geographic databases, to derive maps of potential and water limited yield for England and Wales. The average model estimates of above ground dry matter yields at harvest for M. x giganteus on arable land in England and Wales, given water limitation, are in the range 6.9–24.1 t ha−1 yr−1 d.m. Modelled inter-annual yield variation, as summarised by the coefficient of variation, ranges between 11 and 74% nationally and increases with decreasing mean yield. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]