16 results on '"Saunders, J."'
Search Results
2. An evaluation of the performance of OraQuickw ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Test in a high-risk population attending genitourinary medicine clinics in East London, UK.
- Author
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Zelin, J., Garrett, N., Saunders, J., Warburton, F., Anderson, J., Moir, K., Symonds, M., and Estcourt, C.
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HIV-positive persons ,POINT-of-care testing ,HIV antibodies ,HIV - Abstract
To date, no data have been published on the use of OraQuick® ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Test (OraQuick) in the UK. We report preliminary findings of an ongoing evaluation of OraQuick in UK genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics. A total of 820 samples from patients in high-risk groups for HIV were tested with OraQuick and results were compared with standard HIV antibody testing. HIV prevalence (enzyme immunoassay [EIA]) was 5.73%, sensitivity of OraQuick was 93.64% (95% CI 82.46-98.66%), specificity 99.87% (99.28-100%), positive predictive value 97.78% (88.27-99.94%) and negative predictive value 99.61% (98.87-99.92%). This includes three false-negatives considered to be due to observer error and now rectified by further training. This has increased test sensitivity to 100%. Our observed test performance of OraQuick compares well with EIA and with other rapid tests. We believe that simple, non-invasive antibody detection tests such as OraQuick can increase HIV testing and diagnosis in UK GU medicine and community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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3. Impact of national commissioning of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on equity of access in England: a PrEP-to-need ratio investigation.
- Author
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Coukan F, Sullivan A, Mitchell H, Jaffer S, Williams A, Saunders J, Atchison C, and Ward H
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- Humans, Male, Female, Pandemics, Homosexuality, Male, England epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections diagnosis, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition. In England, NHS availability was limited to participants of the PrEP Impact Trial until late 2020. Some key populations at greater risk of HIV were under-represented in the trial suggesting inequities in trial PrEP access. We used the PrEP-to-need ratio (PnR; number of PrEP users divided by new HIV diagnoses) to investigate whether PrEP access improved following routine commissioning in October 2020 and identify populations most underserved by PrEP., Methods: Aggregated numbers of people receiving ≥1 PrEP prescription and non-late new HIV diagnoses (epidemiological proxy for PrEP need) were taken from national surveillance data sets. We calculated the PnR across socio-demographics during Impact (October 2017 to February 2020; pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and post-commissioning PrEP era (2021) in England., Results: PnR increased >11 fold, from 4.2 precommissioning to 48.9 in 2021, due to a fourfold reduction in non-late new HIV diagnoses and near threefold increase in PrEP users. PnR increased across genders, however, the men's PnR increased 12-fold (from 5.4 precommissioning to 63.9 postcommissioning) while the women's increased sevenfold (0.5 to 3.5). This increasing gender-based inequity was observed across age, ethnicity and region of residence: white men had the highest PnR, increasing >13 fold (7.1 to 96.0), while Black African women consistently had the lowest PnR, only increasing slightly (0.1 to 0.3) postcommissioning, suggesting they were the most underserved group. Precommissioning, the PnR was 78-fold higher among white men than Black women, increasing to 278-fold postcommissioning., Conclusions: Despite the overall increase in PrEP use, substantial PrEP Impact trial inequities widened postcommissioning in England, particularly across gender, ethnicity and region of residence. This study emphasises the need to guide HIV combination prevention based on equity metrics relative to the HIV epidemic. The PnR could support the optimisation of combination prevention to achieve zero new HIV infections in England by 2030., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Flavien Coukan has received funding from the BHIVA/ViiV Implementation Science Scholarship to investigate the barriers and facilitators to PrEP access faced by Black women., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2024
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4. COVID-19 infection and vaccination uptake in men and gender-diverse people who have sex with men in the UK: analyses of a large, online community cross-sectional survey (RiiSH-COVID) undertaken November-December 2021.
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Ogaz D, Allen H, Reid D, Brown JRG, Howarth AR, Pulford CV, Mercer CH, Saunders J, Hughes G, and Mohammed H
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- Infant, Newborn, Male, Humans, Female, Adult, Homosexuality, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, COVID-19 Vaccines, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2, England, Vaccination, Sexual and Gender Minorities, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Men and gender-diverse people who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by health conditions associated with increased risk of severe illness due to COVID-19 infection., Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of men and gender-diverse people who have sex with men in the UK recruited via social networking and dating applications from 22 November-12 December 2021. Eligible participants included self-identifying men, transgender women, or gender-diverse individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB), aged ≥ 16, who were UK residents, and self-reported having had sex with an individual AMAB in the last year. We calculated self-reported COVID-19 test-positivity, proportion reporting long COVID, and COVID-19 vaccination uptake anytime from pandemic start to survey completion (November/December 2021). Logistic regression was used to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioural characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) test positivity and complete vaccination (≥ 2 vaccine doses)., Results: Among 1,039 participants (88.1% white, median age 41 years [interquartile range: 31-51]), 18.6% (95% CI: 16.3%-21.1%) reported COVID-19 test positivity, 8.3% (95% CI: 6.7%-10.1%) long COVID, and 94.5% (95% CI: 93.3%-96.1%) complete COVID-19 vaccination through late 2021. In multivariable models, COVID-19 test positivity was associated with UK country of residence (aOR: 2.22 [95% CI: 1.26-3.92], England vs outside England) and employment (aOR: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.01-2.38], current employment vs not employed). Complete COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age (aOR: 1.04 [95% CI: 1.01-1.06], per increasing year), gender (aOR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.09-0.72], gender minority vs cisgender), education (aOR: 2.11 [95% CI: 1.12-3.98], degree-level or higher vs below degree-level), employment (aOR: 2.07 [95% CI: 1.08-3.94], current employment vs not employed), relationship status (aOR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.25-1.00], single vs in a relationship), COVID-19 infection history (aOR: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.25-0.88], test positivity or self-perceived infection vs no history), known HPV vaccination (aOR: 3.32 [95% CI: 1.43-7.75]), and low self-worth (aOR: 0.29 [95% CI: 0.15-0.54])., Conclusions: In this community sample, COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high overall, though lower among younger age-groups, gender minorities, and those with poorer well-being. Efforts are needed to limit COVID-19 related exacerbation of health inequalities in groups who already experience a greater burden of poor health relative to other men who have sex with men., (© 2023. Crown.)
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- 2023
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5. Minimum dataset for monitoring national human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PrEP) programmes: a five-nation consensus, 2019.
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Saunders J, Gill ON, Delpech V, and Estcourt C
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- Consensus, England, HIV, Humans, Northern Ireland, Scotland epidemiology, Wales, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the use of antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV acquisition, is a highly effective biomedical prevention tool. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends PrEP for people at substantial risk of HIV infection, as part of combination prevention, and highlights the need for robust evaluation of PrEP programmes. Based on suggested WHO core indicators, we created a concise set of HIV PrEP-related dataset variables, to harmonise the monitoring and evaluation of PrEP programmes across five closely related nations (England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, Scotland and Wales). The dataset is based on the PrEP cascade and is intended to represent the minimum variables needed for reporting and comparison of meaningful data at national and multinational level. The dataset can be modified for settings with different health and surveillance systems. It is intended for public health, academic, clinical and health planning, and public audiences. Here we describe the dataset and illustrate its use with data from the first year of the Scottish National PrEP programme.
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- 2021
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6. Accelerated partner therapy (APT) partner notification for people with Chlamydia trachomatis : protocol for the Limiting Undetected Sexually Transmitted infections to RedUce Morbidity (LUSTRUM) APT cross-over cluster randomised controlled trial.
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Estcourt CS, Howarth AR, Copas A, Low N, Mapp F, Woode Owusu M, Flowers P, Roberts T, Mercer CH, Wayal S, Symonds M, Nandwani R, Saunders J, Johnson AM, Pothoulaki M, Althaus C, Pickering K, McKinnon T, Brice S, Comer A, Tostevin A, Ogwulu CD, Vojt G, and Cassell JA
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- Adolescent, Adult, Chlamydia trachomatis, Cross-Over Studies, England, Female, Humans, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Scotland, Sexual Partners, Young Adult, Chlamydia Infections drug therapy, Chlamydia Infections prevention & control, Chlamydia Infections transmission, Contact Tracing, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control, Time-to-Treatment
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Introduction: Partner notification (PN) is a process aiming to identify, test and treat the sex partners of people (index patients) with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Accelerated partner therapy (APT) is a PN method whereby healthcare professionals assess sex partners, by telephone consultation, before giving the index patient antibiotics and STI self-sampling kits to deliver to their sex partner(s). The Limiting Undetected Sexually Transmitted infections to RedUce Morbidity programme aims to determine the effectiveness of APT in heterosexual women and men with chlamydia and determine whether APT could affect Chlamydia trachomatis transmission at population level., Methods and Analysis: This protocol describes a cross-over cluster randomised controlled trial of APT, offered as an additional PN method, compared with standard PN. The trial is accompanied by an economic evaluation, transmission dynamic modelling and a qualitative process evaluation involving patients, partners and healthcare professionals. Clusters are 17 sexual health clinics in areas of England and Scotland with contrasting patient demographics. We will recruit 5440 heterosexual women and men with chlamydia, aged ≥16 years.The primary outcome is the proportion of index patients testing positive for C. trachomatis 12-16 weeks after the PN consultation. Secondary outcomes include: proportion of sex partners treated; cost effectiveness; model-predicted chlamydia prevalence; experiences of APT.The primary outcome analysis will be by intention-to-treat, fitting random effects logistic regression models that account for clustering of index patients within clinics and trial periods. The transmission dynamic model will be used to predict change in chlamydia prevalence following APT. The economic evaluation will use mathematical modelling outputs, taking a health service perspective. Qualitative data will be analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and framework analysis., Ethics and Dissemination: This protocol received ethical approval from London-Chelsea Research Ethics Committee (18/LO/0773). Findings will be published with open access licences., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN15996256., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2020
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7. Impact of postoperative complications on disease recurrence and long-term survival following oesophagogastric cancer resection.
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Saunders JH, Yanni F, Dorrington MS, Bowman CR, Vohra RS, and Parsons SL
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anastomotic Leak mortality, Disease-Free Survival, England epidemiology, Esophageal Neoplasms mortality, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Stomach Neoplasms mortality, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local mortality, Postoperative Complications mortality, Stomach Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Background: Postoperative complications after resection of oesophagogastric carcinoma can result in considerable early morbidity and mortality. However, the long-term effects on survival are less clear., Methods: All patients undergoing intentionally curative resection for oesophageal or gastric cancer between 2006 and 2016 were selected from an institutional database. Patients were categorized by complication severity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (grades 0-V). Complications were defined according to an international consensus statement. The effect of leak and severe non-leak-related complications on overall survival, recurrence and disease-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses to evaluate differences between groups. All factors significantly associated with survival in univariable analysis were entered into a Cox multivariable regression model with stepwise elimination., Results: Some 1100 patients were included, with a median age of 69 (range 28-92) years; 48·1 per cent had stage III disease and cancer recurred in 428 patients (38·9 per cent). Complications of grade III or higher occurred in 244 patients (22·2 per cent). The most common complications were pulmonary (29·9 per cent), with a 13·0 per cent incidence of pneumonia. Rates of atrial dysrhythmia and anastomotic leak were 10·0 and 9·6 per cent respectively. Patients with a grade III-IV leak did not have significantly reduced overall survival compared with those who had grade 0-I complications. However, patients with grade III-IV non-leak-related complications had reduced median overall survival (19·7 versus 42·7 months; P < 0·001) and disease-free survival (18·4 versus 36·4 months; P < 0·001). Cox regression analysis identified age, tumour stage, resection margin and grade III-IV non-leak-related complications as independent predictors of poor overall and disease-free survival., Conclusion: Beyond the acute postoperative period, anastomotic leak does not adversely affect survival, however, other severe postoperative complications do reduce long-term overall and disease-free survival., (© 2019 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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8. Understanding how local authorities in England address obesity: A wider determinants of health perspective.
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Nobles J, Christensen A, Butler M, Radley D, Pickering K, Saunders J, Weir C, Sahota P, and Gately P
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- England, Exercise, Health Policy, Humans, Life Style, Socioeconomic Factors, Weight Reduction Programs, Health Promotion organization & administration, Local Government, Obesity prevention & control, Obesity therapy
- Abstract
Local government organisations (LAs) have a major role in the prevention and treatment of obesity in England. This study aims to 1) understand what actions are being taken by LAs to address obesity, and 2) determine how actions counter the perceived causes of obesity when mapped against the Wider Determinants of Health (WDoH) model. Thirty-two LAs were invited to complete an Action Mapping Tool, 10 participated. The tool requires LAs to document actions being implemented locally to address obesity. This then enables LAs to map their actions against the perceived causes of obesity, using the WDoH model as an analytical lens. We collated data from the 10 LAs and used an adapted framework synthesis method for analysis. 280 actions were documented across the 10 LAs; almost 60% (n = 166) targeted Individual Lifestyle Factors (ILF), with 7.1% (n = 20), 16.8% (n = 47) and 16.4% (n = 46) targeting Social and Community Factors (SCF), Living and Working Conditions (LWC) and Wider Conditions (WC) respectively. Conversely, 60% of causes were spread across the LWC and WC, with 16.4% regarded as ILF. Physical activity-, weight management-, and health improvement- programmes were most frequently implemented by LAs. There is a stark mismatch between LA actions on obesity and its perceived causes. Given that LAs acknowledge the complex aetiology of obesity, an equally comprehensive approach should be implemented in the future., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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9. Prevalence of new variants of Chlamydia trachomatis escaping detection by the Aptima Combo 2 assay, England, June to August 2019.
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Roberts DJ, Davis GS, Cole MJ, Naik D, Maru H, Woodford N, Muir P, Horner P, Simms I, Thickett G, Crook P, Foster K, Andrews N, Saunders J, Fifer H, Folkard K, and Gill ON
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- Adult, England epidemiology, False Positive Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Young Adult, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia Infections epidemiology, Chlamydia trachomatis genetics, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Genetic Variation, Mass Screening methods, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
- Abstract
We identified two new Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) variants escaping Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) assay detection, in clinical specimens of two patients. One had a C1514T mutation the other a G1523A mutation, both within the AC2 23S rRNA target region. The prevalence of such variants among persons tested for CT in England was estimated to be fewer than 0.003%.
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- 2019
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10. Fast-food outlet availability and obesity: Considering variation by age and methodological diversity in 22,889 Yorkshire Health Study participants.
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Hobbs M, Griffiths C, Green MA, Jordan H, Saunders J, Christensen A, and McKenna J
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- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, England epidemiology, Female, Food Supply statistics & numerical data, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Fast Foods statistics & numerical data, Obesity epidemiology, Restaurants statistics & numerical data, Spatial Analysis
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This study investigated if the relationship between residential fast-food outlet availability and obesity varied due to methodological diversity or by age. Cross-sectional data (n = 22,889) from the Yorkshire Health Study, England were used. Obesity was defined using self-reported height and weight (BMI ≥ 30). Food outlets ("fast-food", "large supermarkets", and "convenience or other food retail outlets") were mapped using Ordnance Survey Points of Interest (PoI) database. Logistic regression was used for all analyses. Methodological diversity included adjustment for other food outlets as covariates and continuous count vs. quartile. The association between residential fast-food outlets and obesity was inconsistent and effects remained substantively the same when considering methodological diversity. This study contributes to evidence by proposing the use of a more comprehensive conceptual model adjusting for wider markers of the food environment. This study offers tentative evidence that the association between fast-food outlets and obesity varies by age., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2019
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11. Do healthcare professionals and young adults know about the National Chlamydia Screening Programme? Findings from two cross-sectional surveys.
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Currie S, Mercer CH, Dunbar KJ, Saunders J, and Woodhall SC
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- Adolescent, Chlamydia trachomatis, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Guideline Adherence statistics & numerical data, Guidelines as Topic, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data
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The extent to which healthcare professionals (HCPs) and young people (YP) are aware of, and adhere to, National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) recommendations on testing frequency is unclear. To address this two cross-sectional surveys in 2015-2016: one among genitourinary medicine (GUM) and non-GUM HCPs (n = 109) and the other among YP attending a GUM clinic in England (n = 195). For both, questions were designed to measure awareness of NCSP guidance and whether respondents acted on that knowledge. This included questions about YP's most recent test(s) (if ever) and the time since first and last sex with their most recent partners. Knowledge of NCSP testing guidelines varied among both GUM and non-GUM HCP respondents. However, lack of knowledge of the guidelines did not preclude HCPs from recommending testing in line with NCSP recommendations in practice. While most YP were not aware of NCSP recommendations, around two-thirds had tested for Chlamydia at least once in the last year. However, testing seldom appeared to coincide with partnership change. There is a knowledge gap and a discord between testing recommendations and practice. Interventions are needed to encourage appropriate testing patterns to maximise the individual and public health benefits of testing.
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- 2019
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12. Handling unexpected distress on the telephone: the development of interdisciplinary training.
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Saunders J
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- Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence standards, Communication, Curriculum, England, Family psychology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel psychology, Helping Behavior, Humans, Professional-Family Relations, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Role Playing, Social Support, Stress, Psychological prevention & control, Stress, Psychological psychology, Counseling education, Counseling organization & administration, Health Personnel education, Hospice Care organization & administration, Inservice Training organization & administration, Patient Care Team organization & administration, Telephone
- Abstract
St Nicholas's Hospice recognized that its non-clinical staff needed support and guidance regarding the management of particularly difficult telephone conversations. It is understandable that patients and family members who are experiencing extreme uncertainty, fear and worry might express anger and despair, however, non-clinical staff were troubled by having to handle such raw emotions on the telephone. Despite palliative care excelling at counselling skills and training in breaking bad news, no material or courses exist to help these staff handle unanticipated distress on the telephone. A training session was established and, unexpectedly, many clinical staff enrolled. Although a formal in-depth evaluation did not take place, participant feedback suggested it was equally beneficial to non-clinical and clinical staff. A key element of the apparent success was the interprofessional, interagency, interpersonal sharing and exchange of ideas.
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- 2004
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13. Weighted Census-based deprivation indices: their use in small areas.
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Saunders J
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- England, Humans, Poverty Areas, Censuses, Health Care Rationing statistics & numerical data, Poverty statistics & numerical data
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Background: The concept of deprivation refers to the conditions experienced by people who are poor, whereas the concept of poverty relates to the lack of income and other resources that make these conditions difficult to break away from. The usual Census-based deprivation indices are often based on equally weighted (and highly correlated) variables. This is in spite of the fact that different social groups have been shown in numerous studies to have differing probabilities of suffering from deprivation. A weighted deprivation index based on individual level data and Census data produces a more accurate and more easily understandable method of estimating deprivation within an area, as it reflects the differences between social groups. This paper will describe how a technique used by Gordon (J Epidemiol Commun Hlth 1995; 49(Suppl. 2): S39-S44) can be applied to smaller areas to give estimates of the number of deprived living within them, producing a weighted index., Methods: Breadline Greenwich data together with Census data were used to estimate the percentage of poor households in Greenwich wards using similar methods to those of Gordon., Results: The results produced were very similar to the numbers estimated using the Breadline Britain weightings but there were differences in individual weightings for some of the variables., Conclusion: Gordon's approach can be applied to smaller areas to give estimates of the number of deprived using the nationally derived weightings. More accurate local estimates, subject to the different local conditions, can be easily derived if a similar survey to the Breadline Britain survey is conducted locally.
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- 1998
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14. Results and costs of a computer-assisted immunization scheme.
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Saunders J
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- Diphtheria prevention & control, England, Family Practice, Humans, Immunity, Infant, Local Government, Poliomyelitis prevention & control, Smallpox prevention & control, Tetanus prevention & control, Wales, Whooping Cough prevention & control, Computers, Costs and Cost Analysis, Immunization
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- 1970
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15. A computer-based cervical cytology service.
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Saunders J and Snaith AH
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- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, England, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Social Class, Appointments and Schedules, Computers, Mass Screening, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis
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- 1970
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16. Cervical cytology consent rate.
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Saunders J and Snaith AH
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- Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Computers, England, Female, Humans, Mass Screening, Physical Examination, Statistics as Topic, Attitude to Health, Cytodiagnosis, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 1969
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