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The article discusses several developments involving the arbitration laws in Europe as of 2014, and it mentions issues such as jurisdiction and Great Britain's Arbitration Act 1996, as well as several decisions by national courts such as the English High Court and the Austrian Supreme Court. Litigation dealing with arbitration clauses and contractual disputes is examined, along with the Dutch Parliament's adoption of an updated Arbitration Act on may 27, 2014.

The article discusses several developments involving the arbitration laws in Europe as of 2013, and it mentions litigation dealing with topics such as arbitration agreements and clauses, choice of law concerns, and the English Arbitration Act 1996. Judgments by national courts such as the English High Court and the German Federal Court of Justice are examined, as well as the Serbian Arbitration Association's establishment of the Belgrade Arbitration Center.

A wide range of geomaterials were worked at industrial settlements scattered over an area of c.225 km2 in the Poole Harbour–Isle of Purbeck district of modern Dorset. These materials, more than one handled at some sites, included shale (‘coal’), burnt shales (yellow, red) and cementstones from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Upper Jurassic), Purbeck marble from the Purbeck Group (earliest Cretaceous), hard chalk from the Chalk Group (Upper Cretaceous), and potting clays and sands from the Bracklesham Group (Palaeogene), for South-east Dorset Black-burnished Pottery Category 1. There was also a salt industry, which could have used pottery for packaging. The industrial products are conterminously distributed in southern and central Britain and, in the case of pottery and shale items, reached as far as the northern frontiers. Raw material of red burnt shale was exported to Silchester ( Calleva Atrebatum), where it was made into mosaic tesserae. Of proven Kimmeridgian age on the evidence of fossils, the mudstone used to make it had been collected and quarried on the coast of the Isle of Purbeck before being burnt. The decline in the demand for stone products, excepting shale, in the second century AD saw an expansion of the potting industry, which persisted into the fifth century. The term complex-agglomerative is introduced to describe this diverse and dispersed enterprise at this highest hierarchical level, examples of which occur elsewhere in the Roman world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:. The concept of comorbid mental health problems and substance misuse has gained prominence in the last two decades, due in part to the closure of large psychiatric hospitals and to the increasing prevalence of drug use in the community. This client group has a dual requirement for both medical and social care needs and is at risk for social exclusion. Methods:. A retrospective matched case-control study to examine aspects of social exclusion between service users who have comorbid diagnoses and those with a single diagnosis. Samples were drawn from the service users of a mental health Trust in the South-East of England, from both Adult Mental Health (n = 400) and Drug and Alcohol services (n = 190). Data were collected from Care Programme Approach assessment forms and medical records. McNemar’s χ2 and odds ratios via a conditional logit regression model are used to test for differences in the social exclusion indicators. Results:. There were significant differences in social exclusion between the comorbid and singly diagnosed clients of the Adult Mental Health service, but differences were less pronounced between the comorbid and singly diagnosed clients of the specialist Drug and Alcohol service. Conclusions:. Recent Government policy advocates treating comorbid clients within mainstream mental health services. Health care workers need to recognise the likelihood of high levels of social exclusion among clients with comorbid problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to assess the impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in palliative care. The study was conducted at three hospices in south London, totalling 118 beds, and the following two methods were used. Firstly, a retrospective review of the notes of patients who were known to be MRSA positive at admission or were subsequently found to be MRSA positive was taken. Secondly, a prospective study of factors influencing bed occupancy in one hospice was conducted. The proportion of admissions who were MRSA positive ranged from 4% to 8% in the three hospices. Seven of the 43 patients who had MRSA suffered clinically significant infections. Risk factors for colonization and bacteraemia were similar to the general population. Sites of infection were variable and multiple and treatment regimes for eradication were variable, with varying outcomes. MRSA infection appeared to delay admission because of the need for single rooms, of which there are few. Time spent cleaning rooms after discharge or death also reduced the number of available beds. It was concluded that MRSA infection is associated with significant morbidity in a small number of palliative care patients. Beds unavailable because of MRSA should be considered in bed occupancy figures, otherwise bed occupancy may appear artificially low. The psychological and financial impact of the infection in palliative care patients needs further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a cytogenetic survey of a mentally retarded school-age population with special reference to fragile sites. The population to be studied was selected as described previously. The school medical records of all the boys at the educationally subnormal (severe) schoolboys (ESN(S)) schools in Walsall; North, South East and Central Warwickshire; and of all the girls and boys at ESN(S) and educationally subnormal (moderate) schoolboys (ESN(M)) schools in Coventry were examined. The parents of the children with apparently idiopathic mental retardation were sent a letter seeking permission for an examination and venepuncture for cytogenetic analysis. A note was made of their birth weight, history of epilepsy and early medical history from the school medical records. The IQ was assessed for each child. A Vineland Social Maturity Scale was filled in for each child at the ESN(S) school by his class teacher. The probands consisted of 443 mentally handicapped schoolchildren. Parental agreement was high among the ESN(S) children but lower among those with moderate handicap.

Aims: To elucidate the relationship between the human insulin gene INS VNTR regulatory polymorphism and insulin secretion. The polymorphism arises from tandem repetition of 14-15 bp oligonucleotides. In Caucasians, repeat number varies from 26 to over 200, with two main and discrete allele size classes: class I (26-63 repeats) and class III (141-209 repeats). Class I allele homozygosity is associated with elevated risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, while the class III allele has been associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with larger size at birth, which may influence development of adult disease., Methods: Thirty-one healthy adult subjects with normal glucose tolerance, underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test with one minute sampling. Seventeen subjects were homozygous for class I alleles (14 excluding individuals carrying alleles associated with parent-of-origin effects and heterogeneity in allele transmission) and 14 homozygous for class III alleles. The groups were well matched., Results: No significant differences in amount or rate of insulin secretion, or beta cell function were detected between the two groups. There was a difference in pattern of pulsatile insulin secretion with more 9-minute oscillations in class I homozygotes (P<0.026). The after-load glucose concentration was also higher in subjects with class I alleles (P<0.03)., Conclusions: These results warrant further analysis of possible association between allelic variation of the INS VNTR and the pulsatility of insulin secretion.