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Merianthera is a genus endemic to rocky outcrops in eastern Brazil, with seven species, four of which are new and described here (M. bullata, M. eburnea, M. parvi/olia, M. verrucosa). The genus can be recognized by its caducous leaves, inferior ovaries and dry, rupturing fruits, as well as by the stamens with complex dorsal appendages. Merianthera is monophy-letic, and sister to a clade consisting of Dolichoura, Behuria and Huberia (all from tribe Merianieae); together these four genera are sister to Cambessedesia, but not closely related to other genera in tribe Merianieae, such as Meriania and Graffenrieda. Within the genus, there are two distinct clades, the first with two species with thite to pink petals and leaves abaxially covered with a dense indûment, both growing on sandstone and endemic to Minas Gérais (M eburnea, M. sipolisii). The other clade comprises the remaining five species, all with glabrous or glabrescent leaves and purple petals, growing on granitic/gneissic outcrops and endemic to Espirito Santo (M bullata, M. burlemarxii, M. parvifolia) or occurring in this state and also Minas Gérais (M verrucosa) or in both plus Bahia (M. pulchra). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species of Mandevilla from inselbergs in Espírito Santo, Brazil are described, including illustrations, and maps. Mandevilla declinata resembles M. crassinoda but differs by leaf blades acuminate to long acuminate and longer corolla. Mandevilla fornograndensis is distinguished from morphologically similar species by its yellow corolla. Mandevilla mysteriosa is morphologically similar to M. lucida but differs by its longer petioles, leaf blade characters, shorter corolla tube, and smaller anthers; Mandevilla obovata resembles M. hatschbachii, but it is separated by its puberulent leaves, longer sepals, and white corolla. An informal evaluation of the conservation status according to IUCN guidelines is proposed for each species: M. declinata (VU: D2), M. fornograndensis (VU: D2), M. mysteriosa (VU: D2), and M. obovata (VU: B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii)). A key to the species of Mandevilla in Espírito Santo is included. Quatro novas espécies de Mandevilla são descritas dos inselbergs do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, incluindo ilustrações e mapas. Mandevilla declinata assemelha-se a M. crassinoda, diferindo pelas lâminas foliares acuminadas a longamente acuminadas e corola mais longa. Mandevilla fornograndensis distingue-se de espécies morfologicamente semelhantes pela sua corola amarela. Mandevilla mysteriosa é morfologicamente semelhante a M. lucida, mas difere desta pelos pecíolos mais longos, caracteres das lâminas foliares, tubo de corola mais curto e anteras menores. Mandevilla obovata assemelha-se a M. hatschbachii, mas é diferenciada por suas folhas puberulentas, sépalas mais longas e corola branca. A avaliação informal do estado de conservação de cada espécie foi realizada de acordo com os critérios da IUCN: M. declinata (VU: D2), M. fornograndensis (VU: D2), M. mysteriosa (VU: D2), and M. obovata (VU: B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii)). É apresentada uma chave para identificação das oito espécies de Mandevilla do Espírito Santo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]