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We discovered and reported that 0.01, 0.1 and 1% Ag-doped CsCl transparent ceramics by spark plasma sintering technique showed radiophotoluminescence (RPL). All the samples showed high transmittance (50–70%) in the visible range. Under 340 nm ± 40 nm excitation, the PL emission was observed around 450 nm before X-ray irradiation while PL emission peaks appeared around 450 and 610 nm after X-ray irradiation. Judged from excitation and emission spectra and lifetimes, the origins of emission bands around 450 and 610 nm would be Ag0/Ag 2 + and Ag2+ centers, respectively. The RPL signal was confirmed to be stable over 3 min under an excitation of 340 nm ± 40 nm. Among the synthesized samples, the lowest detectable sensitivity for the 1% Ag-doped CsCl samples was 3 mGy for the emission range of 400–550 nm. • Radio-photoluminescence phenomenon was observed in Ag-doped CsCl transparent ceramics by spark plasma sintering technique. • After X-ray irradiation, the synthesized ceramics obtained two emission peaks around 450 and 610 nm possibly associated with Ag0/Ag 2 + and Ag2+, respectively. • In the dose response functions, the lowest detectable sensitivity for the 1% Ag-doped CsCl ceramics was 3 mGy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]