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Sanguisorba is a small genus which consists of about 15 species widely distributed in North America and Eurasia. Previous studies on Sanguisorba are useful for understanding its phylogeny and chloroplast (cp) genome evolution, however, the cp genome resources of Sanguisorba are still limited, and the phylogeny and molecular dating for Sanguisorba and its relatives still need to be further explored. Here, we report four cp genomes of Sanguisorba and conduct comparative analysis of these four Sanguisorba cp genomes plus five previously published ones. The nine cp genomes have a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 154 282–155 730 bp and their gene content, gene structure and gene order are relatively conserved. Analysis of single copy (SC)/inverted repeat (IR) boundaries shows only very slight boundary differences among the Sanguisorba cp genomes. Eight variation hotspots were screened as excellent candidate markers for future studies in Sanguisorba. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sanguisorba is monophyletic and a member of Agrimonieae subtribe Sanguisorbinae. Within Sanguisorba, S. filiformis is the sister group of the six other taxa in the present sampling. Estimation of divergence times indicates that the subtribes Agrimoniinae and Sanguisorbinae diverged at the transition between the Oligocene and the Miocene, and divergent times of Agrimonieae genera ranged from the late Miocene to the Middle Pleistocene. This study enriches the available cp genome resources of Sanguisorba, and it is of great significance to further study of the phylogeny and evolution of Sanguisorba and its relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ca. 154 ~ 154 Ma magmatic/hydrothermal episode is recognized. • The granitoids in Donghua exhibit characteristics of both A-type and I-type. • Favorable environment for mineralization in Donghua is distinguished. Located in the southern section of the Wuyi Mountain metallogenic belt, the Dehua-Youxi-Yongtai (DYY) ore district is one of the potential areas of gold deposits in the Fujian province, Southeast China. Gold mineralization is widely distributed in this district, including Qiucun, Shuangqishan, Ancun, and Dongyang gold deposits. However, the DYY ore district is still at a low degree of exploration and research. This paper focuses on the Donghua area in the northwest of the DYY ore district as its typical and integrated volcano-magma mechanism revealed in this study. Combined approaches including zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, Rb-Sr isochron dating and mineral chemistry of pyrite, and hyperspectral remote sensing are employed, aiming to identify the magmatism, alteration, geological setting, and metallogenic potential of the Donghua area. The zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the granite porphyritic dykes in Donghua are 154.6 ± 1.1 Ma and 153.2 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively, indicating that the dykes were formed in the late Jurassic. The Rb-Sr geochronological age of hydrothermal/epithermal pyrite in Donghua is 153.7 ± 2.4 Ma, which is almost coeval with that of the granite porphyritic dykes within error, and consistent with the regional volcanic-magmatic activity and the metallogenic age of the regional metallogenic event. The granitic dykes in Donghua exhibit the characteristics of both A-type and I-type granitoids, thus indicating the presence of transitional geochemical characteristics. As a result of the subduction of the Pacific Plate towards the Eurasia, the ca. 154–153 Ma magmatic event in the Donghua area occurred at the beginning of large-scale delamination of the continental crust. The zoning distribution of the mineral alteration of chlorite, dickite, kaolinite, and gypsum, the interpretation of volcanic activity from the annular structure of hyperspectral remote sensing, and the inferred deep-seated intrusion emplacing from northwest to southeast are in agreement, thus displaying the volcano-magma-alteration mechanism developed in the Donghua area. The magmatism, dykes, faults, and Neoproterozoic metamorphic rock provide favorable advantages for the mineralization in Donghua, suggesting metallogenic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]