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The conservation of the Mercator Atlas of Europe was undertaken as a joint project between a paper specialist and a book specialist. The conservation project had unexpected aspects to it as documentation and analysis brought to light information about the order of the maps and the materials used to make them, including the use of a green copper pigment and gypsum. This information not only affected treatment decisions but also added to the body of knowledge about this very significant book. Treatment included the use of a newly-adapted technique using fine-fibre stitch repairs. Resume «Le Fabricant et le Moine: conservation de l'Atlas Mercator de l'Europe» La conservation de l'Atlas Mercator de l'Europe est un projet entrepris en commun par un specialiste en papier et un specialiste en livre. Le projet de conservation a apporte des aspects inattendus puisque la documentation et les analyses ont mis en lumiere des informations sur l'ordre des cartes et les materiaux utilises pour leur realisation, notamment l'emploi de pigments verts a base de cuivre et l'emploi du gypse. Cette information a non seulement influence les decisions de traitement mais aussi contribue au corpus de connaissances sur ce livre tres important. Le traitement incluait l'emploi d'une technique nouvellement adaptee utilisant des points de reparation a l'aide de fibres fines. Zusammenfassung „The Maker and the Monk: Die Restaurierung-Konservierung des Mercator Europa Atlasses” Die Restaurierung des Mercator Atlasses wurde als Gemeinschaftsprojekt zwischen einem Papier-und einem Buchspezialisten unternommen. Das Restaurierungsprojekt entwickelte einige unerwartete Aspekte, da die Dokumentation und Analyse Informationen uber die ursprungliche Anordnung der Karten und der Materialen, die in der Konstruktion gebraucht worden waren, einschliesslich des Gebrauchs eines grunen Kupferpigmentes und Kalziumsulfat zu Tage brachten. Dies beeinflusste nicht nur die Behandlungsentscheidungen, sondern truge auch dazu bei, den Wissensfundus uber dieses sehr wichtige Buch zu erweitern. Die Behandlung beinhaltete den Gebrauch einer Methode von 'fine-fibre-stitch' Reparaturen. Resumen “El fabricante y el monje: conservacion del Atlas de Europa de Mercator” La conservacion del Atlas de Europa de Mercator fue realizada como un proyecto conjunto entre un especialista de papel y un especialista de libros. El proyecto de conservacion presento aspectos inesperados cuando el analisis y la documentacion revelaron informacion sobre el ordenamiento de los mapas y los materiales usados para hacerlos, incluyendo el uso de un pigmento de cobre verde y yeso. Esta informacion no solo afecto la decision sobre el tratamiento sino que aumento los conocimientos sobre este significativo libro. El tratamiento incluyo el uso de una tecnica recientemente adaptada que usa puntadas con fibras finas en sus reparaciones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Flash floods are one of the most significant natural hazards in Europe, causing serious risk to life and destruction of buildings and infrastructure. This type of flood, often affecting ungauged watersheds, remains nevertheless a poorly documented phenomenon. To address the gap in available information, and particularly to assess the possible ranges for peak discharges on watersheds with area smaller than 500km2 and to describe the geography of the hazard across Europe, an intensive data compilation has been carried out for seven European hydrometeorological regions. This inventory is the first step towards an atlas of extreme flash floods in Europe. It contains over 550 documented events. This paper aims at presenting the data compilation strategy, the content of the elaborated data base and some preliminary data analysis results. The initial observations show that the most extreme flash floods are greater in magnitude in the Mediterranean countries than in the inner continental countries and that there is a strong seasonality to flash flood occurrence revealing different climatic forcing mechanisms in each region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The incidence of suicide exhibits marked geographic variability; however, documentation of features in its spatial distribution, or the magnitude of differences, is limited. Standardised mortality ratios, commonly presented in maps, are calculated in each area independently and incorporate no information about heterogeneity or clustering. Bayesian hierarchical models with random effects for between-area and local variability in neighbouring areas were used to map age- and sex-specific estimates of rate ratios of suicide across wards in England and Wales. Differences were greater than expected due to random variation alone. Although the geography of suicide differed across age/sex groups, some common patterns emerged e.g. high rates in (a) central parts of cities and (b) remote and coastal areas. Some features were common to all, while others appeared male specific or specific to the younger age group. Suicide prevention strategies can be informed by an understanding and addressing the geography of suicide. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article discusses linguistic and geographical aspects of the frequency of exonym use in selected European languages. In addition to true exonyms, exographs and exophones are presented. Frequency is discussed by individual languages and, within these, by appertaining countries and the semantic types of adapted foreign geographical names. In addition, certain typical concepts of exonym use are presented with an emphasis on how they are written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geothermal resources of most European countries have been estimated and compiled in the recently published Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe, a companion volume to the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in the European Community, Austria and Switzerland. Publication of this Atlas comes at a time when the promotion of a sustainable and non-polluting energy is high on the agenda of local energy suppliers, municipal administrations and all European governments. The participating countries are: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the UK. A volumetric heat content model for porous reservoirs was the basis for calculating the resources, assuming that exploitation of the geothermal resources would take place in a doublet well system. The geothermal reservoirs are defined in a set of 4 maps, by depth, thickness, temperature and resources. The assessment methodology is simple and is based on a small number of parameters so that regions with very limited data coverage can also be evaluated. An example is given in this paper of the eastern North German Basin. The maps presented in the Atlas permit a first order evaluation of the geothermal potential in terms of technical and economic viability. This uniform procedure applied to all countries and regions allows comparisons and serves as a guide for setting priorities and planning geothermal development. This Atlas also helps in the search for appropriate partners for international cooperation in geothermal exploration in Europe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Odontoid-lateral mass asymmetry is a finding occasionally noted on properly centered, open-mouth anteroposterior (AP) radiographs obtained following trauma. Controversy exists as to the clinical significance of this finding in patients with few or no symptoms. We retrospectively evaluated 13 patients who presented with radiographic evidence of odontoid-lateral mass asymmetry following trauma. The mean age was 23.8 (range 16–50) years. Injury most commonly followed a road traffic accident (RTA). Of the 13 patients, 31% were asymptomatic, 69% had cervical pain, and 31% had diminished range of cervical motion. No patient had torticollis or neurological deficit. Odontoid processes were anatomically normal. In the neutral position, asymmetry varied from 2 to 4 (mean 2.4) mm. No patient had radiographic evidence of fixation. The atlantodental interval (ADI) was normal in all cases and no translation was noted on the dynamic lateral radiographs. No fractures were identified on CT scans, and the mean rotation of the atlas on the axis was 6° (range 4–10°). No patient had formal treatment. At their most recent follow-up, 12 patients were asymptomatic with a normal range of cervical motion. One patient had persisting cervical pain. We conclude that the radiographic finding of an asymmetric odontoid-lateral mass interspace following trauma may be a normal variant in the minimally symptomatic patient and require no formal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant phenotypes significantly increased for Klebsiella pneumoniae • Carbapenem-resistant rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased from 2004–2012 to 2013–2018 • The highest carbapenem resistance was noted for Acinetobacter baumannii in 2013–2018 (32.3%) • Resistance rates for most organism groups were lowest in North-Western Europe Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the paediatric patient population are scarce. This study assessed the AMR rates and phenotype distribution of Gram-negative isolates in paediatric patients in Europe from 2004–2012 and 2013–2018. Isolates that were collected were stratified by age groups (< 1, 1–5, 6–12, and 13–17 years) and regions (North-Western, Eastern and Southern Europe). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (broth microdilution) were interpreted according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Resistance rates and phenotype prevalence were identified for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Haemophilus influenzae. In the overall paediatric patient population (0–17 years), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production significantly decreased (from 20.7% to 15.4%, P < 0.0001) in Escherichia coli , whereas it increased for Klebsiella pneumoniae (from 35.0% to 39.2%, P = 0.015). Carbapenem resistance was highest for Acinetobacter baumannii (32.3%) compared with Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.4%) in 2013–2018, and rates were significantly increased relative to 2004–2012. There was no change in resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials for Haemophilus influenzae. The lowest resistance rates for most organism groups were observed in North-Western Europe. The results revealed a significant increase in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with an ESBL and carbapenem-resistance phenotype as well as in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 2004–2012 to 2013–2018. Conversely, a decrease in ESBL E. coli was observed. Continued surveillance and awareness of resistance in these bacteria causing serious infections is crucial for improving treatment quality in paediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2014 and 2017, 6,662 Enterobacterales and 1,953 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected by 19 centers in four central European countries and Israel. A further 2,585 Enterobacterales and 707 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected in 2018 by 28 centers in seven European countries and Israel as part of the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) study. A central laboratory performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution panels according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Susceptibility rates among Enterobacterales were highest to ceftazidime-avibactam (≥98.5%), colistin (≥97.3%), and meropenem (≥95.8%). Ceftazidime-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales subsets were highly susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam (≥94.9%) and colistin (≥94.7%). Susceptibility rates to colistin among all P. aeruginosa were ≥97.4% and were ≥96.3% among ceftazidime-resistant and MDR subsets. Susceptibility rates to ceftazidime-avibactam were 91.9% (2014-2017), 86.3% (2018) and, in common with comparator agents, were lower among ceftazidime-resistant (≥51.7%) and MDR isolates (≥57.1%)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Katalin Kristóf, Václava Adámková, Amos Adler, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska and Alexandru Rafila have no competing interests. Sabina Billová, Barbara Możejko-Pastewka and Ferenc Kiss are employees of Pfizer. During the study and development of this manuscript, Ferenc Kiss was in the role of Hospital Senior Medical Advisor at Pfizer., (Copyright © 2021 Pfizer Kft. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

• 21 850 Enterobacterales and 6156 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Europe, 2015–2017, were examined • 99.0% of Enterobacterales isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam • 92.3% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam Between 2015–2017, 21 850 Enterobacterales isolates and 6156 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates were collected by 77 centers in 18 European countries as part of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) study (which was included into the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance [ATLAS] study in 2018). A central reference laboratory performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution panels according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The presence of β-lactamases was confirmed using multiplex PCR assays. Among Enterobacterales isolates, the highest rates of susceptibility were to ceftazidime-avibactam (99.0%; MIC 90 0.5 mg/L), meropenem (96.3%), amikacin (95.2%), and imipenem (92.8%). All Enterobacterales organisms were highly susceptible to colistin (≥ 94.6%), apart from Proteus mirabilis , which is intrinsically resistant to colistin. Susceptibility rates among ceftazidime-resistant isolates were 95.7% for ceftazidime-avibactam and 87.9% for colistin, and 78.5% and 71.1%, respectively, among carbapenemase-positive isolates. Colistin was the only agent with activity against metallo-β-lactamases (100% susceptibility) among Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates. Overall susceptibility rates among P. aeruginosa were highest to colistin (99.5%) and ceftazidime-avibactam (92.3%), and were similar to ceftazidime-resistant isolates for colistin (98.9%) and reduced to 66.2% for ceftazidime-avibactam. Susceptibility rates among multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were 98.9% to colistin and 71.7% to ceftazidime-avibactam. Clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa collected from Europe, between 2015–2017, were highly susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, suggesting it is a useful alternative agent for patients whose treatment options may be limited. Persistent antimicrobial resistance requires continued surveillance and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]