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Background: Primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST) among adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15-39 y) have rarely been reported. We present a nationwide report of PCNST histologically confirmed in the French AYA population between 2008 and 2013., Methods: Patients were identified through the French Brain Tumor Database (FBTDB), a national dataset that includes prospectively all histologically confirmed cases of PCNST in France. Patients aged 15 to 39 years with histologically confirmed PCNST diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 were included. For each of the 143 histological subtypes of PCNST, crude rates, sex, surgery, and age distribution were provided. To enable international comparisons, age-standardized incidence rates were adjusted to the world-standard, European, and USA populations., Results: For 6 years, 9661 PCNST (males/females: 4701/4960) were histologically confirmed in the French AYA population. The overall crude rate was 8.15 per 100 000 person-years. Overall, age-standardized incidence rates were (per 100 000 person-years, population of reference: world/Europe/USA): 7.64/8.07/8.21, respectively. Among patients aged 15-24 years, the crude rate was 5.13 per 100 000. Among patients aged 25-39 years, the crude rate was 10.10 per 100 000. Age-standardized incidence rates were reported for each of the 143 histological subtypes. Moreover, for each histological subtype, data were detailed by sex, age, type of surgery (surgical resection or biopsy), and cryopreserved samples., Conclusion: These data represent an exhaustive report of all histologically confirmed cases of PCNST with their frequency and distribution in the French AYA population in 2008-2013. For the first time in this age group, complete histological subtypes and rare tumor identification are detailed., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) and EUropean RAre CANcer (EURACAN) guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of post-pubertal and adult patients with medulloblastoma. The guideline is based on the 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the CNS and on scientific developments published since 1980. It aims to provide direction for diagnostic and management decisions, and for limiting unnecessary treatments and cost. In view of the scarcity of data in adults with medulloblastoma, we base our recommendations on adult data when possible, but also include recommendations derived from paediatric data if justified. Our recommendations are a resource for professionals involved in the management of post-pubertal and adult patients with medulloblastoma, for patients and caregivers, and for health-care providers in Europe. The implementation of this guideline requires multidisciplinary structures of care, and defined processes of diagnosis and treatment., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

It is increasingly accepted that survival alone is an inadequate measure of the success of childhood brain tumour treatments. Consequently, there is growing emphasis on capturing quality of survival. Ependymomas are the third most frequently occurring brain tumours in childhood and present significant clinical challenges. European Society of Paediatric Oncology Ependymoma II is a comprehensive international program aiming to evaluate outcomes under different treatment regimens and improve diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, there has been agreement to lower the age at which children with posterior fossa ependymoma undergo focal irradiation from three years to either eighteen months or one year of age. Hitherto radiotherapy in Europe had been reserved for children over three years due to concerns over adverse cognitive outcomes following irradiation of the developing brain. There is therefore a duty of care to include longitudinal cognitive follow-up and this has been agreed as an essential trial outcome. Discussions between representatives of 18 participating European countries over 10 years have yielded European consensus for an internationally accepted test battery for follow-up of childhood ependymoma survivors. The 'Core-Plus' model incorporates a two-tier approach to assessment by specifying core tests to establish a minimum dataset where resources are limited, whilst maintaining scope for comprehensive assessment where feasible. The challenges leading to the development of the Core-Plus model are presented alongside learning from the initial stages of the trial. We propose that this model could provide a solution for future international trials addressing both childhood brain tumours and other conditions associated with cognitive morbidity., (Copyright © 2019 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The survival rate improvement of childhood cancer survivors lead to question about their educational and social outcome. Authors suggest an international review in order to find risk factors of school or social failure after cancer experience. Principal cohort is studied in USA (the Children Cancer Survivor Study). Nevertheless, European studies are also published. The results vary, depending on subpopulation studied and on control choice (siblings or general population). Treatment improvement and supportive care make difficult to compare studies with current situations. Moreover, there are not international standard of education or social outcome. School and social behaviour are influenced by: types of tumor (cerebral tumor but also sometimes hemopathy and osteosarcoma), age at diagnosis (very young children and adolescent), treatments (neurotoxical treatments, hematopoietic stem cell transplant), and social or educational status of the parents., (Copyright © 2015 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

This guideline provides recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for patients with malignant gliomas. We differentiate evidence-based standards from reasonable options or non-evidence-based measures that should no longer be considered. The recommendations herein should provide a framework and assurance for the choice of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic measures and aim to reduce complications from unnecessary treatment and cost. The guideline contributes to a critical appreciation of concurrent drugs with a focus on the controlled use of anticonvulsants and steroids. It should serve as a guideline for all professionals involved in the diagnostics and care of glioma patients and also as a source of knowledge for insurance companies and other institutions involved in the cost regulation of cancer care in Europe. Implementation of the recommendations summarised here will need interdisciplinary structures of care for patients with brain tumours and structured processes of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)