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The article discusses the process through which Great Britain will withdraw its membership from the European Union (EU), or Brexit, following the 2016 Brexit referendum. An overview of the economic aspects of Great Britain's membership in the EU, including the British trade with and investment in EU countries, is provided.

The article offers information on social and economic conditions Great Britain as of 2016. Particular focus is given to how the nation was impacted by the Brexit vote where Great Britain exited the European Union. Additional topics discussed include how the British pound is trading at its lowest level in three decades, how the country is currently ruled by a Conservative government and insights on the tourism industry in Europe.

The author argues that the global movement of refugees and asylum seekers from places such as Libya and Yemen will not end in 2016 unless the world's political leaders adopt strategies for fixing fragile states, and it mentions the international human rights and the financial impacts that refugees are having in places such as Europe and Great Britain. The World Bank and humanitarian aid are examined, along with the World Humanitarian Summit in May 2016 and global poverty reduction efforts.

The author compares the cultural atmosphere in England at the approach of the 2012 Olympic Games to that of Vienna, Austria, under the rule of the Habsburgs at the beginning of the twentieth century when the country was on the brink of World War I. Topics include imperial decline, ethnic conflict, and economic uncertainty in both countries.

The article discusses Great Britain's economic recession. The author reports that Britain's gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to decrease in 2009 due to high debt levels and dependence on financial services. He notes that Britain has avoided mass layoffs, yet unemployment has increased from 2008 to late 2009.

The article discusses the response by Belgium to Great Britain's exit from the European Union (EU). Topics covered include the launch of Hug-a-Brit campaign to convince British voters that they were wanted in Europe, the resignation of British Commissioner Jonathan Hill and the decline in the British influence on Brussel which can be attributed to the euro and refugee crisis. Also mentioned is the economic impact of Brexit on Britain.

The article reports on the decline in British oil and natural gas production. Rising gasoline bills and oil prices are threatening British consumers. The article suggests this is due to Great Britain's reliance on importing oil and natural gas. The difference between British and other European markets is highlighted with respect to consolidated energy companies and more extensive European regulation.

Presents economic and financial indicators for a number of countries, including the U.S., Great Britain, Japan, and Europe. Increase in the ISM index of manufacturing activities in the U.S., which remains below the 50 level, implying that output is still shrinking; Consumer spending in the U.S., which has increased in the 12 months to May; Survey of business confidence in June in Japan, which produced stronger results than expected; Rise in inflation in the euro area in June; Stall of the British economy during the first quarter of 2003, in which the gross domestic product growth was revised down to only 0.1%; Output, demand, and jobs; Prices and wages; Money and interest rates; Stock markets; Trade, exchange rates, and budgets; Index of deflation which reached its highest level since the 1930s.

In 1997, just after Labour came to power, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, addressed Parliament on the question of joining the euro. He said four of his five economic tests for joining had not been met--the only one passed was the impact of euro membership on the City of London--but that there were obvious economic benefits to joining. Enthusiasts for joining the euro, led by Prime Minister Tony Blair, fanned out this week to argue that the chancellor's second verdict, unlike his first one, could lead to a referendum later in this Parliament. But Mr Brown has fought off demands that he hold a further assessment next year. Now the Treasury has come up with some hard estimates. Building on new research about the impact of currency unions on trade, it says that, if Britain joined the single currency, over 30 years its trade with the euro area could be 50% higher than if it kept the pound.

Something extraordinary happened in the run-up to Labour's landslide victory six years ago: the City's currency dealers drove the pound higher rather than lower. Slung out of the ERM in 1992, sterling had sand kicked in its face until mid-1996. Then it started to do the kicking. By January 1999, when the euro was launched, the pound's trade-weighted value (the broadest measure of its worth) had risen by 20%. There were three main reasons why the pound started to punch its weight. First, Great Britain restored credibility to its monetary policy so that currency dealers ceased to worry about a return to the bad old ways of high inflation eroding the value of the pound. Second, the economy, and especially the City of London, did well in the 1990s, and this encouraged investment inflows of foreign money. Third, currencies overshoot: dealers marked the pound down too far in the mid-1990s and marked it up too much at the end of the decade. The strong pound turned a healthy expansion into a feel-good economy. At the same time, the strong euro will hit growth in Europe while the weak pound will reinforce Britain's recovery--hardly a promising backdrop for an early referendum on joining the euro.

Discusses the economy of Great Britain as of spring 2000. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) survey indicating success of the British macroeconomic record; Topics of the health service, the euro, and rising taxation; Analysis of Britain's readiness for euro membership by the OECD.

The article reports on the state of the hotel industry in Europe in 2018. Topics mentioned including the impact of the decision of the European Central Bank to rollback its quantitative easing program on the industry, the increase in the number of investors who wish to acquire hotels in the region, and the strength of the economy of Great Britain and Europe despite the impact of Brexit.

The article examines whether or not Great Britain should make an exit from the European Union during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis in 2012, discussing why the Tory and Labour political parties are pushing Prime Minister David Cameron to express his opinion about the situation.

The author surveys economic conditions in Europe and Great Britain. Topics noted include large pay raises for some British corporate executives including Martin Sorrell, a warning from the International Labour Organisation that continued high unemployment could provoke civil unrest, rising unemployment in France, and figures from the British Office of National Statistics indicating the British economy grew 0.5% during the third quarter of 2011.

The author offers his thoughts on the statement of David Milward, Henderson's head of loans, regarding the state of the loan market, the eurozone crisis and the British economy.

The author discusses how to prevent the economic crisis in Europe in 2011 from affecting Great Britain's economy more severely in the future. He offers both long-term and short-term advice on how to improve the British economy including investing in small businesses, giving corporations tax incentives to create jobs, and cutting the value-added tax for one year.

The article focuses on the European debt crisis and its effect on the value of the euro. Information is provided on the history of the euro's devaluation and widespread "Euroskepticism" due to financial crises in Greece and Italy. Topics include how the British pound has fared during the global economic recession and why the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted slow growth in Great Britain for 2012.

The article reports on KPMG's survey revealing that almost half of companies have extended supplier payment times to address cash flow problems during the economic downturn. The survey of 566 chief financial officers in the U.S. and Europe found that 49.5 percent have negotiated longer payment terms with vendors. 92 percent of the respondents said the firms they supply to aims to extend billing periods.

This article discusses competition policy. Questions surrounding competition policy tend to divide economists--and not necessarily along party lines, so to speak. Mainstream pro-market economists agree almost to a man that competition is an indispensable spur to efficiency and innovation, and hence to higher living standards and faster economic growth. In the annual public lecture of Britain's Royal Economic Society, John Vickers, a distinguished scholar and chairman of Britain's Office of Fair Trading (OFT), points out that this tension in economics goes back a long way. Mr Vickers argues that the right way to think about competition policy is to see it as a form of regulation expressly intended to bring out the best of laisser faire. Notably, Mr Vickers regards reform of Europe's common agricultural policy as a species of (long-awaited) competition policy. Reluctant as consumers may be to believe it, competition is far and away their best friend in economic policy.

If Britain had joined the euro with the other 11 founder members at the start of 1999, how would the economy have fared inside rather than outside the euro area? Interest rates would have dropped by four percentage points to the lower level set in the euro area. The stimulus to the economy would have pushed growth in 2000 up to a heady 5.5%. Excess demand would have pushed inflation up to nearly 5% and it would have stayed high over the past three years. This would have made the economy less and less competitive. Outside the euro area, a loss of competitiveness can be quickly regained by a fall in the exchange rate. Inside, it has to be grindingly restored through a protracted period of lower inflation and slower growth. The Treasury's counterfactual history is self-serving: it vindicates the decision Gordon Brown took in 1997. But it also illustrates why it is so important to ensure that the economy is as convergent as possible with the euro area before signing up to membership. Once Britain gives up its independent monetary policy, adjustment to shocks will occur through changes in the real exchange rate--the market rate adjusted for prices at home and in Europe.

Great Britain's decision to stay out of the euro, Europe's single currency, at least for now, was not front-page news in the rest of Europe. A British decision to sign up would be seen as a powerful vote of confidence in the euro. Conversely, the decision to stay out raises a question-mark over the European Union's (EU) official view that the single currency is both historically inevitable and unarguably beneficial for all who adopt it. Morale in the euro zone has increased in recent months, as the new currency has risen against the dollar The single biggest difficulty in the euro zone at the moment is that interest rates have been consistently too high for Germany, whose economy needs a boost. But if Britain took up the euro, there would now be stronger pressure to raise rates from their current level to take account of relatively high inflation in what would be the euro area's second-biggest economy. Similarly, British financial circumstances would argue for a relaxation or a scrapping of the euro zone's fiscal rules, since Britain has a low national debt, a comparatively well-funded pension system and badly wants to spend more on public services.

Faced with owning up to higher borrowing, British Finance Minister Gordon Brown would have liked a diversionary tactic. Announcing the long-awaited assessment of whether Britain is ready to join the euro would have done nicely, but Prime Minister Tony Blair, anxious to repair relations with Europe, would have none of it. Even so, Mr Brown implied what the outcome of the assessment would be. Helpfully, he pointed out that long-term interest rates were now below those of the euro area. He drew attention to the fact that the unemployment rate in Britain was 5% whereas it was 9% in the single-currency zone. And he highlighted the fact that the British economy had grown over the past two years at roughly double the rate of the euro area. Mr. Brown left it to MPs to infer that there was no compelling case for joining the euro in a hurry.

Reports on equities from the United Kingdom and on the prediction that these equities will outperform those of other economies. Speculation that the Bank of England will be the first major central bank to cut interest rates; How the legalization of share buybacks by European corporations may have contributed to the positive growth of equities; Details on the Dow Jones Stoxx Pan-European index, and on the restructuring of jobs by British Telecommunications.

Presents news briefs pertaining to business as of November 7, 1998. Interest rate cuts in many European countries; Slowing of economic growth in Great Britain; Rise in the Dow Jones Industrial Average for October; Losses suffered by Dresdner Bank in Germany; Departure from Citigroup of its president, Jamie Dimon; More.